1,720,969 research outputs found
Énergie et administrations locales en Italie: dénationalisation, libéralisation et concurrence
No full textGoverni privati. Le società partecipate dei comuni strumento e arena del governo locale
No full textLe società partecipate dei comuni dividono ormai da venti anni l’opinione pubblica in Italia, vedendo opposti lo schieramento degli indefessi sostenitori e quello degli accesi detrattori. Le scienze economiche ne hanno diagnosticato la difficoltà di sviluppo, nonostante le grandi potenzialità, mentre quelle giuridiche sottolineano la frammentarietà e l’ambiguità normativa che fanno loro da cornice. Al di là delle riflessioni accademiche, una copiosa popolazione di oltre cinquemila aziende, eterogenee nei fini e nelle performance, dagli impieghi multiformi e fortemente localistiche, è progressivamente divenuta una componente ineliminabile
del governo locale italiano. Il volume affronta il fenomeno dal
punto di vista della Scienza politica, chiedendosi quali siano le ragioni politiche di un simile sviluppo e quale tipo di governance locale stia effettivamente prendendo piede nella zona grigia tra pubblico e privato, con conseguenti ricadute sulla democrazia
locale. Il titolo Governi privati riprende un’etichetta che oltre venticinque anni fa Streeck e Schmitter coniarono per trattare la commistione tra pubblico e privato e allude all’esplicita natura
ibrida che contraddistingue questo emergente paradigma del potere politico. La ricerca presentata nel volume consiste in un approfondito studio sui soci delle aziende per capire le arene del
potere locale in sei regioni italiane, con uno sguardo agli effetti collaterali e alle ragioni politiche profonde che hanno spinto ad un ricorso così massiccio alle società di capitali per governare le
politiche locali
Remapping the State: Inter-Municipal Cooperation through Corporatisation and Public-Private Governance Structures
No full textThe institutional setting of regional and local government in Italy appears to be characterised by an ongoing process of reform and adjustment ever since Regions were created in 1970. More recently, provinces and Municipalities gained wide autonomy in 1990, and the constitution itself was revised in 2001 to set up what is sometimes referred to as a ‘quasi-federal’ system of intergovernmental relations. In this context, inter-municipal cooperation also has witnessed several phases and dynamics, ranging from (very rare) fusions, through single-purpose cooperation, to integrated service management (Public-public partnership, and consortia for the management and/or regulation of public utilities). More recently, and most notably over the past decade, inter-municipal cooperation has taken on a new form, consisting in the shared ownership in joint-stock companies. The so-called ‘corporatisation’ of public bodies, i.e. the creation of public-owned (or mixed public-private), private-law companies and corporations for the fulfilment of public-interest activities, has come to constitute a network of inter-municipal cooperation that appears to represent a shift from an institutional intergovernmental structure of cooperation, to one that is pre-eminently played out in the arenas of public-private forms of governance. The article analyses the literature and overarching trends in inter-municipal cooperation in Italy, and draws on very rich original data on the companies owned by Municipalities in six Italian regions to show how these companies represent the locus of inter-municipal (and multi-level) relations that go well beyond the formal boundaries of local administrations, and are often brokered by powerful private partners
"La libertà è partecipazioni"? Le Spa comunali e il governo delle città
No full textL'articolo presenta i risultati di una ricerca che analizza le società partecipate dei comuni italiani come elemento strutturale del governo locale, sia come strumenti per la produzione di politiche pubbliche, sia in quanto arene in cui attori istituzionali e interessi privati di varia natura si confrontano stabilmente, spesso compartecipando ai medesimi assetti societari. Il saggio ripercorre la frammentata normativa di livello nazionale in materia di partecipazioni comunali nelle società di diritto privato, per poi concentrarsi su una panoramica del fenomeno partecipate e del rapporto pubblico-privato nelle società attualmente esistenti in Italia. In particolare si sottolineano le ambiguità che caratterizzano la governance di dette società (ad es. lo squilibrio tra l'elevata presenza di soci privati e il modesto apporto di capitale da essi versato), e i limiti al principio di accountability democratica che possono derivare dall'utilizzo estensivo di questo tipo di strumento in assenza di un efficace quadro regolativo
Chi vivrà vedrà : le arene metropolitane tra Legge Delrio e referendum costituzionale
Full text linkThe creation of metropolitan government structures was on the agenda in Italy for at least twenty years before they were finally instituted in 2014 within a more wideranging reform of local governance. Ten «Metropolitan cities» are thus headed to become a second-tier level in Italian local government, responsible for a number of vital functions including territorial planning, development, transport. Based on document analysis and interviews, the article describes the transitional phase in which Metropolitan cities have been set up and have started to operate, and analyzes the main dynamics of politics and policy: the indirect election of councils and executive organs, the struggle for economic resources, and the start of policy initiatives
Politica e politiche delle società partecipate. Le aziende dei comuni come unità di analisi della democrazia locale
No full textLocal Government in Italy is invested by an ongoing process of “corporatization" of public services through the creation of a great number of private-law companies fully or partially owned by municipalities. This trend indicates the political significance of such companies because it represents a shift toward an innovative and unobtrusive milieu for policies and politics. Corporatization is consequently intended not merely as a policy instrument, but also as a new opportunity for local politicians to adjust their preferences, to deal with various interests and to build unusual coalitions. Thus, corporatization may (and does) influence the concrete working of local political democracy. The essay shows the political relevance of corporatization in local political systems based on empirical research on public utilities in six Italian regions. It draws on a dataset including data on 1,335 companies, as well as on qualitative data on the boards of six companies
Representation through Corporatisation. Municipal corporations in Italy as Arenas for Local Democracy.
Full text linkThe literature on Public Utilities has increasingly shown that the adoption of corporate governance tools for the management of public services in local policy-making has given rise to a considerable reshaping of political strategies and practices. Corporatisation should be understood as not merely a policy instrument, but also as a new opportunity for local politicians to adjust their preferences, to deal with various interests, and to build unusual coalitions. Corporatisation may (and does) influence the concrete operation of local political systems. Today, the boards of municipal enterprises, as well as the public–private partnerships stemming from this emerging tendency towards corporatisation, can be conceived as both actors of local policy-making and arenas in which a number of functions traditionally associated with the mechanisms of electoral representation are performed: inter- and intra-party bargaining, recruitment of élites, and negotiation with local and ‘external’ stakeholders. The paper illustrates the impact of corporatisation on local representation mechanisms in Italy, considering its opaque side with specific reference to the problem of democratic accountability and control, and the creation of new local oligarchies. Empirical evidence is provided from research on municipal enterprises in six different Italian regions. Statistical data on companies (amount of social capital, fields of activity, private and public shareholders, etc.), as well as qualitative data, are analysed in order to show how corporatisation has provided local actors with unusual (and often non-transparent) channels of political representation and public–private bargaining
Qui gouverne les services publics locaux ?. Des configurations variables entre secteurs public et privé dans le cas du service public de l'eau en Italie
No full textCet article a pour objet un cas de reconfiguration de la gouvernance entre secteur public et secteur privé dans le cas des services publics locaux en Italie, ici retenus comme unité d'analyse, et, en particulier, le cas du service d'adduction, de fourniture, de distribution et de dépuration de l'eau à usage civil. Il s'agit d'une étude de cas d'un très grand intérêt car elle embrasse un arc temporel relativement long, de 1994 à nos jours, et concerne un pays entier confronté à un nouveau modèle de gestion industrielle fondé sur la séparation des rôles de programmation d'un côté et de contrôle et de gestion de l'autre. En partant des éléments empiriques recueillis lors d'une recherche sur la mise en œuvre de la réforme au niveau national et d'un cas régional spécifique pertinent, cette étude soumet à l'attention du lecteur une interrogation bien connue des politologues, déjà soulevée par Robert Dahl en 1961 et qui se représente aujourd'hui dans des contextes différents et novateurs : qui gouverne ?Citroni Giulio, Giannelli Nicola, Lippi Andréa, Profeti Stefania. Qui gouverne les services publics locaux ?. Des configurations variables entre secteurs public et privé dans le cas du service public de l'eau en Italie. In: Politiques et management public, vol. 25, n° 3, 2007. Public : nouvelles figures ? Nouvelles frontières ? Actes du seizième Colloque international Florence, 15 et 16 mars 2007 organisé en collaboration avec l'Université Paris X (Laboratoires CEROS et CRDP) - Tome 1. pp. 151-167
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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