1,720,961 research outputs found
Food safety regulation in Europe: how to measure performance and effectiveness
Full text linkThe paper aims to review the existing empirical literature on food safety regulation in Europe, in order to assess how performance and effectiveness are measured. The paper explores the main empirical contributions that describe the measurement process that has been applied in the literature to operationalize some key variables. Those variables have been identified through a preliminary literature review. This allowed to draw a general picture of the state of the art in the field of food regulation and to go deeper into unsolved research questions. Furthermore, measurement and operationalization processes are assessed. The method used is systematic review, which allows replicability and relies on the key principles of objectivity and scientific rigor. The paper eventually discusses the results in order to set the ground for further empirical analysis on the impact that the institutional regime (i.e. regulation, regulators and controllers) has on the effectiveness of food regulation
Effective governance of food safety regulation across EU Member States : Towards operationalization
No full textThis article seeks to make a contribution to the food safety regulation literature, and to the broader framework of risk regulation, in the attempt to establish both theoretically and empirically what can be intended as effective governance of food safety regulation. The aim is to review existing measures of effectiveness of food safety governance, and to give a preliminary definition of effectiveness, together with a theoretical perspective on how to operationalise it, eventually proposing an empirical measurement. Effectiveness of food safety governance can be measured – on the one hand – as the capacity of consumers’ protection, and thus, as the minimisation of risk related to food, and – on the other hand – as the capacity of protection of producers’ interests, in order to ensure competitiveness within the market. Distinguishing food safety delivered from food safety perceived, the article seeks to analyse dimensions of effectiveness related to both the protection of consumers and producers, and to the minimisation of risk, drawing upon Elinor Ostrom’s Institutional Analysis and Development Framework (IAD) and, particularly, her conceptualisation of opportunistic behaviour
QCA as an approach to make sense of micro-level data-centric practices for policy innovation: a walk-through
Full text linkThe paper explores the potentialities and challenges of using a comparative research method — Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) — as a methodological approach for researching policy innovation. The paper argues for QCA to constitute a rigorous and systematic way to explore policy innovation using micro-level experimental and innovative practices in the public sector as the empirical base. Conceptually, we propose considering the importance of policy workers in policy innovation processes. This proposal addresses a gap in policy innovation research that appears to have mostly focused on entrepreneurship while under-appreciating other individual agency explanations of change (e.g., policy workers). Policy innovation researchers should therefore reframe the concept of policy innovation from an out-based view to a process-based view, while avoiding the development of ideographic knowledge. To address this issue, we provide a walk-through of using QCA as a methodological approach to investigate data-centric practices in the public sector. In the walk-through, we simulate the execution of the first three steps of approaching different cases of data-centric practices through QCA, identifying variables and calibrating them. Other researchers might find this approach useful to investigate similar innovative practices in the public sector in the perspective of policy innovation
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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