5,238 research outputs found
Rigorous Axiomatic Definition of Entropy Valid Also For Non-Equilibrium States
No full textWe present a rigorous logical scheme for the definition of entropy, based on operative
definitions of all the concepts employed, with all assumptions declared explicitly. Our treatment
is an equivalent variation of the general definition of entropy given in E.P. Gyftopoulos and G.P.
Beretta, Thermodynamics. Foundations and Applications, Dover, Mineola, 2005. However, here we
outline the minimal set of definitions and assumptions required to construct the same definition by
the most direct and essential sequence of logical steps
Asymptotic formulas for perturbations of the electromagnetic fields in the presence of thin imperfections
No full textIn an earlier paper [E. Beretta, E. Francini and M. S. Vogelius, J. Math. Pures Appl. (9) 82 (2003), no. 10, 1277--1301; MR2020923 (2004i:35021)] we derived an asymptotic formula for the steady state voltage potentials in the presence of thin inhomogeneities. In this paper we extend this result to time harmonic transverse electric Maxwell equations.'
Linkage of biopsy, cancer, and population records aimed at the estimation of family risks in neoplasia: a pilot study
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LINKAGE OF BIOPSY, CANCER, AND POPULATION RECORDS AIMED AT THE ESTIMATION OF FAMILY RISKS IN NEOPLASIA - A PILOT-STUDY
Author(s): BARRAI, I (BARRAI, I); NENCI, I (NENCI, I); GUIDI, E (GUIDI, E); DELLACQUA, G (DELLACQUA, G); FORMICA, G (FORMICA, G); BARBUJANI, G (BARBUJANI, G); MARZOLA, A (MARZOLA, A); MARANI, G (MARANI, G); BARALE, R (BARALE, R); BERETTA, M (BERETTA, M)
Source: JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH Volume: 45 Issue: 2 Pages: 107-111 DOI: 10.1136/jech.45.2.107 Published: JUN 1991
Times Cited: 1 (from Web of Science)
Cited References: 15 [ view related records ] Citation Map
Abstract: Study objective-The aim was to link individual demographic and medical records into sibships to obtain the sibling distribution of biopsies and cancers, and thereby calculate heritability and recurrence risks in families, thus aiding early diagnosis and prevention of cancers.
Design-The 157 823 individual records of the inhabitants of the town of Ferrara in Italy were automatically linked into 106 821 sibships. A 10% sample (10 842 sibships) was then extracted from the distribution of sibships and tabulated, for linkage to medical records.
Patients-The biopsy records at the Institute of Pathological Anatomy of the University of Ferrara were manually linked to cancer records and then to sibships. It was possible to construct the distribution of 2062 biopsies and of 829 cancers in sibships.
Results-From the distribution of biopsies and tumours in sibships, it was possible to estimate the incidence of tumours in the population (0.052) and in siblings of affected (0.083), and to apply to such distributions current methods for the estimate of heritability (h2 = 0.246) and of recurrence risks of tumours in sibships, age independent.
Conclusions-The study shows that the procedure resulting in the estimation of incidences and recurrence risks for tumours could be completely automated, and extended to whole populations and homogeneous subgroups in post industrial cultures
L’Alma Mater all’Esposizione Nazionale di Storia della Scienza di Firenze (1929)
No full textSulla base di documenti di archivio inediti, il saggio ricostruisce le modalità storiche della partecipazione dell'Università di Bologna all'Esposizione Nazionale di Storia della Scienza di Firenze del 1929. Il saggio mostra inoltre l'influenza duratura della mostra bibliografica di storia della scienza del 1922 organizzata presso l'Alma Mate
Can Common knowledge of rationality make information incomplete? The case of the finitely repeated prisoners’ dilemma
No full textIntroduzione
No full textA Bologna, più che altrove, la storia della scienza ha trovato un territorio culturale aperto ove far confluire saperi e finalità diverse e offrire una visione critica e plurale del rapido sviluppo tecnico, scientifico e industriale che agli inizi degli anni Sessanta del Novecento andava trasformando il nostro Paese. L’imponente sviluppo istituzionale che la disciplina ha avuto nell’ateneo bolognese ci ha sollecitato a ripercorre, in queste pagine, la genealogia di un interesse che ha radici antiche. Per parte loro, le modalità di questa crescita, rapida e ramificata, hanno suggerito di farlo privilegiando l’aspetto problematico, a tratti rapsodico e la pluralità dei punti di vista – soggettivi e disciplinari – sacrificando a questa prospettiva ogni tentazione sistematica. L’intento, inevitabilmente interdisciplinare, di questo progetto ha coinvolto specialisti di ambiti diversi – filologi, storici, storici della letteratura e della filosofia, matematici, fisici e chimici – i quali hanno affiancato gli storici della scienza stricto sensu nella ricostruzione di un contesto culturale, quello bolognese, nel quale la storiografia scientifica ha determinato e determina un interesse diffuso che travalica lo spazio della disciplina e pervade ambiti disparati
REL22 Reinventing Energy Landscapes
No full textREL22 was an international summer school program launched by the Institute of Landscape Architecture of RWTH Aachen University (Prof. Frank Lohrberg, Silvia Beretta) together with the Master’s Programme in „Landscape Architecture and Landscape Heritage“ of Politecnico di Milano (Prof. Antonio Longo) andthe Master’s Programme in “Landscape Architecture” of TU Delft (Prof. Laura Cipriani). The aim was to formulate visions for the landscape transformation of the Rhenish Lignite District, the largest open-cast lignite mining area in Europe, located in the German region of North Rhine Westphalia
PALEARI M.A, SONCINI G, BERETTA G, ALDRIGHI M, MORETTI V.M. (1995). Taxonomical and biochemical study of lactic acid bacteria from "Quartirolo di Monte" cheese. MICROBIOLOGIE, ALIMENTS, NUTRITION, vol. 13, p. 171-175, ISSN: 0759-0644
No full textThe autochthonous bacterial flora of both raw whole milk and 60 days matured Quartirolo di Monte cheese was identified and several of the metabolic characteristics like acidifying, proteolytic and lipolytic activities were studied. The results will be used to prepare mixtures of autochthonous starter cultures for the curdling of raw milk for Quartirolo di Monte cheese making. Thus the quality of this tasty cheese will be standardized but without lessening the typical organoleptic characteristics
Environmental policies and social impacts. Suggestions from Europeans cities
No full textAre we really sure that green and sustainable are always good for everyone? Ilaria Beretta tries to go beyond the rhetoric of sustainability to understand more deeply the interconnection between economy, society and environment in urban contexts, in the belief that only empirical research and the analysis of data can lead to a correct reading, which is as objective as possible, of the complex reality in which we live. The author, through a comparison between European and U.S. American cities, focuses in particular on policies related to climate change and land use, showing how these, if not properly monitored in their social effects, risk contributing to the tightening of social inequalities, through processes such as ecological and green gentrification. The volume is structured in three parts. In the first section, she illustrates the main European Union’s sustainability and environmental urban policies, focusing on climate change and land use strategies. The second chapter provides a conceptual framework through the environmental justice paradigm, as it applies in Europe and in U.S. Finally, the third chapter offers an empirical analysis of ecological and green gentrification processes, comparing American and European realities, and highlighting how context-specific differences can have profound effects on the manifestation (or not) of these phenomena
Maximum entropy production rate in quantum thermodynamicsJournal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 237, 012004, 1-32 (2010).
No full textIn the framework of the recent quest for well-behaved nonlinear extensions of the traditional Schrödinger-von Neumann unitary dynamics that could provide fundamental explanations of recent experimental evidence of loss of quantum coherence at the microscopic level, a recent paper [Gheorghiu-Svirschevski 2001 Phys. Rev. A 63 054102] reproposes the nonlinear equation of motion proposed by the present author [see Beretta G P 1987 Found. Phys. 17 365 and references therein] for quantum (thermo)dynamics of a single isolated indivisible constituent system, such as a single particle, qubit, qudit, spin or atomic system, or a Bose-Einstein or Fermi-Dirac field. As already proved, such nonlinear dynamics entails a fundamental unifying microscopic proof and extension of Onsager's reciprocity and Callen's fluctuation-dissipation relations to all nonequilibrium states, close and far from thermodynamic equilibrium. In this paper we propose a brief but self-contained review of the main results already proved, including the explicit geometrical construction of the equation of motion from the steepest-entropy-ascent ansatz and its exact mathematical and conceptual equivalence with the maximal-entropy-generation variational-principle formulation presented in Gheorghiu-Svirschevski S 2001 Phys. Rev. A 63 022105. Moreover, we show how it can be extended to the case of a composite system to obtain the general form of the equation of motion, consistent with the demanding requirements of strong separability and of compatibility with general thermodynamics principles. The irreversible term in the equation of motion describes the spontaneous attraction of the state operator in the direction of steepest entropy ascent, thus implementing the maximum entropy production principle in quantum theory. The time rate at which the path of steepest entropy ascent is followed has so far been left unspecified. As a step towards the identification of such rate, here we propose a possible, well-behaved and intriguing, general closure of the dynamics, compatible with the nontrivial requirements of strong separability. Based on the time–energy Heisenberg uncertainty relation, we derive a lower bound to the internal-relaxation-time functionals that determine the rate of entropy generation. This bound entails an upper bound to the rate of entropy generation. By this extreme maximal-entropy-generation-rate ansatz, each indivisible subsystem follows the direction of steepest locally perceived entropy ascent at the highest rate compatible with the time– energy uncertainty principle
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