85,441 research outputs found
Author Correction: Evaluation of skin cancer resection guide using hyper‑realistic in‑vitro phantom fabricated by 3D printing
No full textThe original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of the author Taehun Kim which was incorrectly given as Teahun Kim. The original Article has been corrected
Computing the LCP Array of a Labeled Graph
No full textThe LCP array is an important tool in stringology, allowing to speed up pattern matching algorithms and enabling compact representations of the suffix tree. Recently, Conte et al. [DCC 2023] and Cotumaccio et al. [SPIRE 2023] extended the definition of this array to Wheeler DFAs and, ultimately, to arbitrary labeled graphs, proving that it can be used to efficiently solve matching statistics queries on the graph’s paths. In this paper, we provide the first efficient algorithm building the LCP array of a directed labeled graph with n nodes and m edges labeled over an alphabet of size σ. The first step is to transform the input graph G into a deterministic Wheeler pseudoforest Gis with O(n) edges encoding the lexicographically- smallest and largest strings entering in each node of the original graph. Using state-of-the-art algorithms, this step runs in O(min{m log n, m + n2}) time on arbitrary labeled graphs, and in O(m) time on Wheeler DFAs. The LCP array of G stores the longest common prefixes between those strings, i.e. it can easily be derived from the LCP array of Gis. After arguing that the natural generalization of a compact-space LCP-construction algorithm by Beller et al. [J. Discrete Algorithms 2013] runs in time Ω(nσ) on pseudoforests, we present a new algorithm based on dynamic range stabbing building the LCP array of Gis in O(n log σ) time and O(n log σ) bits of working space. Combined with our reduction, we obtain the first efficient algorithm to build the LCP array of an arbitrary labeled graph. An implementation of our algorithm is publicly available at https://github.com/regindex/Labeled-Graph-LCP
Benthoxynus constrictus Lee & Kim & Kim 2020, n. sp.
No full textBenthoxynus constrictus n. sp. (Figs 9, 10) http://zoobank.org/ 13B0DBCD-6362-49E6-BE95-0509CBCB4863 Material examined. Two females from washings of invertebrates at GTV1702 (19°33.387´S, 65°50.893´E, depth 2507 m), the Solitaire vent field on the Central Indian Ridge, 01 August 2017. Holotype (female, MABIK CR00244728) has been deposited in the Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea (MABIK), Seocheon. Dissected paratype is retained in the collection of the junior author. Female. Body (Fig. 9A) narrow, 1.78 mm long. Prosome oviform, 930 × 750 μm. Cephalothorax 632 μm long, with tapering posterolateral corners. Second to fourth pedigerous somites with rounded posterolateral corners. Urosome (Fig. 9B) slender. Fifth pedigerous somite laterally constricted in middle, with dorsal posterolateral extensions. Genital double-somite rhomboidal, 222 × 236 μm, widest at proximal third; genital aperture located dorsolaterally slightly posterior to widest region. Three free abdominal somites 139 × 113, 90 × 100, and 90 × 102 μm, respectively. Abdominal somite and caudal rami smooth, without setules or spinules on all surfaces. Caudal rami (Fig. 9C) slightly divergent; each ramus 209 × 43 μm, 4.86 times as long as wide, armed with six setae (setae II–VII); dorsal seta located subdistally and other five setae on distal margin; two larger mid-terminal setae weakly pinnate along distal half; inner distal seta characteristically small, obscure. Rostrum absent. Antennule (Fig. 9D) 710 μm long and 12-segmented; third segment longest, with five trans- verse sclerotization bands on one surface (not shown in Fig. 9D); armature formula 1, 2, 12, 10, 2, 4, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2 + aesthetasc, and 13; aesthetasc on penultimate segment slender, slightly longer than terminal segment. Antenna (Fig. 9E) with short, unarmed syncoxa. Basis smooth. Exopod small, 19 × 9 μm, with three setae distally. Endopod 2-segmented; proximal segment 98 × 43 μm, unarmed; distal segment 72 × 35 μm, with four setae (one small inner, two subdistal, and one large distal) and several setules near base of outer subdistal seta. Oral cone stout as usual in the family. Mandible (Fig. 9F) as flattened stylet, with more than ten teeth distally and hyaline lamella along distal fourth of inner margin. Maxillule (Fig. 9G) bilobed; outer lobe with four setae (three distal and one subdistal); inner lobe with strongly protruded inner margin and four distal setae; both outer and inner lobes smooth without setules or spinules. Maxilla (Fig. 9H) 2-segmented; syncoxa unarmed, with pore at basal region; basis elongate, with fine spinules and setules at distal region, one of setules large; one large seta present, arising between syncoxa and basis. Maxilliped (Fig. 9I) 5-segmented; syncoxa with one inner distal seta of 42 μm long; basis with inner seta of 71 μm long; endopod 3-segmented, with two, one, and one setae, respectively; two setae on first endopodal segment minute, obscure; third endopodal segment 52 μm; terminal claw 174 μm long, weakly arched, with spinules along distal half of inner margin. Legs 1–4 (Figs. 10A–D) lacking inner coxal seta; outer seta on basis thin and naked; setae of these legs, especially those of endopod, swollen in proximal third and weakly pinnate in distal half. Second exopodal segment of leg 1 small, with outer spine and inner seta; all of other elements on leg 1 setiform. Inner distal seta on basis of leg 1 minute, needle-like. First endopodal segment of leg 3 unarmed, lacking inner seta. First and second endopodal FIG. 9. Benthoxynus constrictus n. sp., female. A, habitus, dorsal; B, urosome, dorsal C, caudal rami, dorsal; D, antennule; E, antenna; F, mandible; G, maxillule; H, maxilla; I, maxilliped. Scale bars: A = 0.5 mm; B, D, E = 0.1 mm; C, F–I = 0.05 mm. FIG. 10. Benthoxynus constrictus n. sp., female. A, leg 1; B, leg 2; C, leg 3; D, leg 4; E, leg 5; F, right genital aperture. Scale bars: A–D = 0.1 mm; E = 0.02 mm; F = 0.05 mm. segments of leg 4 smooth, 86 × 41 and 133 × 35 μm, respectively; terminal seta 145 μm long. Armature formula of legs 1–4 as follows: Coxa Basis Exopod Endopod Leg 1: 0-0 1-1 1-1; 1-1; 3, 1, 3 0-1; 0-2; 1, 2, 3 Leg 2: 0-0 1-0 I-1; I-1; III, I, 4 0-1; 0-2; 1, 2, 3 Leg 3: 0-0 1-0 I-1; I-1; III, I, 5 0-0; 0-2; 1, I, 3 Leg 4: 0-0 1-0 I-1; I-1; III, I, 4 0-0; 0, I, 0 Leg 5 (Fig. 10E) 1-segmented, clearly articulated from somite, 45 × 23 μm, about twice as long as wide, with three naked setae (one dorsal and two distal). Leg 6 absent (Fig. 10F). Male. Unknown. Etymology. The specific name constrictus refers to the lateral constriction of the fifth pedigerous somite. Remarks. Benthoxynus spiculifer Humes, 1984 and B. tumidiseta Humes, 1989, the two known members of the genus, were recorded from hydrothermal vent fields in the East Pacific. These two congeners of B. constrictus n. sp. have the following features which are useful for differentiating them from the new species: (1) Leg 5 is lobate, unarticulated from the fifth pedigerous somite (vs. free in B. constrictus n. sp.). (2) The antennule is 18-segmented in B. spiculifer and 11-segmented in B. tumidiseta (vs. 12-segmented in B. constrictus n. sp.) (3) The caudal ramus is longer than that of n. sp., 240 μm in B. spiculifer and 313 μm in B. tumidiseta (Humes, 1984, 1989) (vs. 209 μm in B. constrictus n. sp.), although their bodies are smaller than that of B. constrictus n. sp. (recorded as 1.68 and 1.67 mm long, respectively, in their original descriptions). (4) The fifth pedigerous somite is not constricted laterally (vs. strongly constricted in B. constrictus n. sp.). Genus Stygiopontius Humes, 1987Published as part of Lee, Jimin, Kim, Dongsung & Kim, Il-Hoi, 2020, Copepoda (Siphonostomatoida: Dirivultidae) from Hydrothermal Vent Fields on the Central Indian Ridge, Indian Ocean, pp. 301-337 in Zootaxa 4759 (3) on pages 314-317, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4759.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/374113
Video of SHINE! by Kim Scott feat. Blake Aaron and Philip N. Davis
No full textLive performance from the album release concert for "SHINE!", Kim's 5th album on the Innervision Records label. Kim Scott, flute; Phil Davis, keys; Eric Essix, guitar; Sean Michael Ray, bass; James "PJ" Spraggins, drums; Kelley Oneal, sax and flut
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Numerical investigation of the electric field distribution induced in the brain by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
No full textIntroduction.There has been considerable interest over the years in the treatment of serious physiological and clinical conditions, such as depression and pain relief, byutilising electromagnetic fields through Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) of the human brain [1].Most of the effort has recently focused on the attempt to stimulate neurons deep inside the brain mass and to limit any hazards posed by this treatment. As a result, there is a need for new TMS coil configurations to generate sufficient and localized electric fields to achieve deep stimulation.The advent of more powerful computers and the emergence of more accurate models for the electric properties and shape of the human brain have enablednumerical modelling to become a significant and reliable tool for the design and optimisation of such new TMS devices in order to achieve the above requirements. The experimental prediction of the electric field distribution is still a formidable task so simulation of the fields induced inside the brain, is crucial in the optimisation and design of the stimulus coils.This paper presents results on the simulation ofTMS by using the Finite Element Method (FEM) in three dimensions and looks at the effects of the stimulation coils and geometrical model of the head on the distribution and penetration of the electric field induced in the brain during TMS. It is revealed that the incorporation of an accurate brain model in terms of shape as well as conductivity values is crucial for an improved estimation of field distribution and threshold fields inside the brain
Khoo Kay Kim, professor of Malaysian history : a biobibliometric study
No full textPresents an analysis of the publication productivity, authorship pattern, channels of communication, journal preference and language preference of Professor Dato' Khoo Kay Kim, Professor of Malaysian History in the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur. The results of this biobibliometric study indicate that he can be a role model for future Malaysian historians to emulate his various achievements especially in the field of history education
Stygiopontius spinifer Lee & Kim & Kim 2020, n. sp.
No full textStygiopontius spinifer n. sp. (Figs 11, 12) http://zoobank.org/ BBD02F2A-B2ED-4EEF-A084-EACA8134C4BE Material examined. Fifty-five females from sediments at GTV 1809 (11°24.883´S, 65°25.425´E, depth 2022 m), the Onnuri vent field on the Central Indian Ridge, 23 June 2018. Holotype (female, MABIK CR00244729) and paratypes (30 females, MABIK CR00244730) have been deposited in the Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea (MABIK), Seocheon. Other specimens are retained in the collection of the junior author. Additional material examined. Ten females (one female dissected) from washings of invertebrates at GTV 1702 (19°33.387´S, 65°50.893´E, depth 2507 m), the Solitaire vent field on the Central Indian Ridge, 01 August 2017; four females from washings of invertebrates at GTV1807 (19°33.395´S, 65°50.889´E, depth 2634 m), the Solitaire vent field on the Central Indian Ridge, 20 June 2018. Female. Body (Fig. 11A) dorsoventrally flattened, 1.51 mm long. Prosome 865 × 742 μm, oviform in dorsal view; posterolateral corners pointed in cephalothorax and second pedigerous somite, but rounded in third and fourth pedigerous somites. Cephalothorax 523 μm long. Urosome (Fig. 11B) 5-segmented. Fifth pedigerous somite trap- ezoidal, 199 μm wide, with blunt lateral apices. Genital double-somite 184 × 180 μm; anterior third broader than posterior two thirds, with claw-like, posteriorly directed lateral process on both sides near genital aperture; narrower posterior part gradually narrowing posteriorly. Three free abdominal somites 85 × 119, 61 × 109, and 61 × 107 μm, respectively. Anal somite with five or six spinules along both sides of posteroventral border (Fig. 11C). Caudal rami (Fig. 11C) parallel; each ramus 97 × 45 μm measured in ventral view, 2.16 times as long as wide, with six setae (setae II–VII); two larger mid-terminal setae pinnate along distal two thirds; inner terminal seta unilaterally pinnate along inner margin; other three setae naked. Rostrum absent.Antennule (Fig. 11D) 430 μm long and 12-segmented; third segment longest; armature formula FIG. 11. Stygiopontius spinifer n. sp., female. A, habitus, dorsal; B, urosome, dorsal, C, caudal rami, ventral; D, antennule; E, antenna; F, mandible; G, maxillule; H, maxilla; I, maxilliped. Scale bars: A = 0.2 mm; B = 0.1 mm; C–I = 0.05 mm. FIG. 12. Stygiopontius spinifer n. sp., female. A, leg 1; B, leg 2; C, leg 3; D, leg 4; E, leg 5; F, left genital aperture. Scale bars: 0.05 mm. 1, 2, 12, 8, 2, 4, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2 + aesthetasc, and 13; aesthetasc on penultimate segment more than twice as long as terminal segment; setae generally short, all of them naked. Antenna (Fig. 11E) with short, unarmed syncoxa. Basis smooth. Exopod small, 13 × 9 μm, with three setae. Endopod 2-segmented; proximal segment 62 × 29 μm, with fine spinules along distal half of outer margin; distal segment 43 × 21 μm, with two spines, two setae, and few setules. Oral cone stout. Mandible (Fig. 11F) with about ten teeth distally, one blunt process near distal fourth of outer margin, and two hyaline lamellae (proximal and distal) on inner margin. Maxillule (Fig. 11G) bilobed; outer lobe with four setae, including three large, weakly pinnate and one small, naked ones; inner lobe with four setae distally and several setules on inner margin. Maxilla (Fig. 11H) as usual in the genus; seta between segments not extending over basis. Maxilliped (Fig. 11I) 5-segmented; syncoxa and basis each with one inner seta, 54 and 45 μm long, respectively, both spinulose in distal half; endopod with two, two, and one setae, respectively, on first to third segments; third segment 45 μm long; terminal claw 117 μm long, weakly arched, with spinules along distal half of inner margin. Legs 1–4 (Fig. 12A–D) without inner seta on coxa. Second endopodal segment of legs 1–3 with bicuspid outer distal corner. Inner distal spine on basis of first leg 40 μm long and slender. Basis of leg 2 with five spinules on inner side. Leg 4 (Fig. 12D) with three spines and four setae on third exopodal segment; first endopodal segment 45 × 26 μm; second endopodal segment 76 × 32 μm, its distal spine 100 μm long. Armature formula of legs 1–4 as follows: Coxa Basis Exopod Endopod Leg 1: 0-0 1-I I-1; I-1; III, 2, 2 0-1; 0-2; 1, 2, 3 Leg 2: 0-0 1-0 I-1; I-1; III, I, 4 0-1; 0-2; 1, 2, 3 Leg 3: 0-0 1-0 I-1; I-1; III, I, 5 0-1; 0-2; 1, I, 3 Leg 4: 0-0 1-0 I-1; I-1; II, I, 4 0-0; 0, I, 1 Leg 5 (Fig. 12E) unsegmented but divided into proximal and distal parts by unsclerotized band on both surfaces; proximal part 46 × 32 μm, with large, feebly pinnate seta; distal part 23 × 23 μm, with three setae, larger outer seta twice as long as two smaller inner setae. Leg 6 (Fig. 12F) represented by one naked seta in genital aperture. Male. Unknown. Etymology. The specific name spinifer, Latin spin (=a spine) and fero (=to carry), alludes to the spiniform process on the lateral margins of the genital double-somite, as in several congeners. Remarks. The genus Stygiopontius is characterized by the combination of the features, as follows: (1) the endopod of leg 1 is three-segmented in both sexes; (2) the first endopodal segment of leg 3 is armed with an inner seta; (3) the first endopodal segment of leg 4 lacks an inner seta; and (4) the second endopodal segment of leg 4 is armed with one distal spine and one inner seta. In the genus Stygiopontius, seven species are known to have, like S. spinifer n. sp., two (not three) outer spines on the third exopodal segment of leg 4 (armature formula II, I, 4), as follows: S. cinctiger Humes, 1987, S. lomonosovi Ivanenko and Martinez Arbizu 2006, S. mucroniferus Humes, 1987, S. rimivagus Humes, 1997, S. serratus Humes, 1996, S. teres Humes, 1996, and S. verruculatus Humes, 1987. In six of these species, at least one of legs 1–4 has an inner seta on the coxa. In S. verruculatus, the remaining species, there is no inner seta on the coxa of any of legs 1–4, which is comparable with S. spinifer n. sp. Stygiopontius verruculatus, known from the East Pacific Rise, was described based only on the male (Humes 1987). Although a direct comparison between it and S. spinifer n. sp. may be difficult, some sexually non-dimorphic characters may be used to compare male S. verruculatus and female S. spinifer n. sp., as follows: (1) the epimeral regions of the fourth pedigerous somite are rounded in S. spinifer n. sp. but tapering and pointed in S. verruculatus; (2) the innermost distal seta on the caudal ramus of S. spinifer n. sp. is unilaterally pinnate, whereas that of S. verruculatus is naked; and (3) the inner element on the basis of the maxilliped is a seta located at the proximal third in S. spinifer n. sp. but a ball-like process located near distal third in S. verruculatus.Published as part of Lee, Jimin, Kim, Dongsung & Kim, Il-Hoi, 2020, Copepoda (Siphonostomatoida: Dirivultidae) from Hydrothermal Vent Fields on the Central Indian Ridge, Indian Ocean, pp. 301-337 in Zootaxa 4759 (3) on pages 317-320, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4759.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/374113
Stygiopontius geminus Lee & Kim & Kim 2020, n. sp.
No full textStygiopontius geminus n. sp. (Figs 17–19) http://zoobank.org/ 76F9CD5C-BB8F-4818-B658-65D745145164 Material examined. Sixteen females and five males from sediments at GTV 1701 (19°33.398´S, 65°50.899´E, depth 2540 m), the Solitaire vent field in the Indian Ocean, 31 July 2017. Holotype (female, MABIK CR00244733) and paratypes (11 females and three males, MABIK CR00244733) have been deposited in the Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea (MABIK), Seocheon. Dissected paratypes (two females and one male) are retained in the collection of the junior author. Female. Body (Fig. 17A) dorsoventrally flattened and moderately broad. Length 1.18 mm. Prosome 772 × 533 μm. Cephalothorax 413 μm long, with angular posterolateral corners in dorsal view. Three metasomal somites with blunt or rounded posterolateral corners. Urosome (Fig. 17B) 5-segmented. Fifth pedigerous somite 164 μm wide, with angular lateral apices and straight posterodorsal margin. Genital double-somite 162 × 158 μm, slightly longer than wide, with roundly expanded anterior third and pointed denticle at posterolateral corners; genital aperture located dorsolaterally at 37% region of double-somite length. Three free abdominal somites, 66 × 107, 41 × 91, and 42 × 95 μm, respectively. Caudal rami (Fig. 17C) directed backwards, 67 × 40 μm measured in ventral view, 1.68 times as long as wide, with bilobed posteroventral margin bearing spinules, transverse row of several spinules on ventral surface near posteroventral margin, and armed with six setae; two mid-terminal setae pinnate along their distal two-thirds; innermost distal seta pinnate along inner margin. Rostrum absent. Antennule (Fig. 17D) 373 μm long and 12-segmented; armature formula 1, 14, 10, 2, 4, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2 + aesthetasc, 6, and 7 + aesthetasc; third segment with trace of articulation subdistally; aesthetasc on antepenultimate segment constricted near middle; aesthetasc on terminal segment very small. Antenna (Fig. 17E) with short, unarmed syncoxa. Basis with setules on inner margin and several spinules on outer margin near base of exopod. Exopod small, 12 × 6 μm, with three setae. Endopod 2-segmented; first segment unarmed but with row of spinules on outer side; second segment 29 × 16 μm, with two spines (108 and 58 μm long, respectively), two setae, and three groups of minute setules. Oral cone stout and short as in other species in the genus. Mandible (Fig. 17F) with about ten teeth distally and three transparent lamellae on inner margin, distal two of latters finely pectinate and proximal one short and smooth. Maxillule (Fig. 17G) bilobed; shorter outer lobe with three large and one small setae; inner lobe with four large and one minute setae distally and setules on inner margin. Maxilla (Fig. 17H) consisting of syncoxa, basis, and intermediate seta; syncoxa with short, flexible tube at base; basis with spatulate tip bearing spinules and setules and with transverse row of spinules in middle; intermediate seta inserted on fleshy expansion arising between syncoxa and basis, articulated at base, nearly as long as basis, and pinnate distally. Maxilliped (Fig. 17I) 5-segmented; inner setae on syncoxa and basis 49 and 28 μm long, respectively; endopod with two, one, and one setae on first to third segments, respectively; third endopodal segment 22 μm long; terminal claw elongate, 125 μm long, more than five times as long as third endopodal segment, with fine spinules along inner margin. Legs 1–3 (Fig. 18A–C) with 3-segmented rami. Leg 4 (Fig. 18D) with 3-segmented exopod and 2-segmented endopod. Inner coxal seta present in legs 1 and 2 but absent in legs 3 and 4. Inner distal seta on basis of leg 1 needlelike. Second endopodal segment of legs 1–3 with bicuspid outer distal corner. Basis of leg 2 with five or six spinules on anterior surface near inner distal corner. First segment of leg 4 endopod 29 × 20 μm; second segment 56 × 28 μm, with setules on outer margin, its terminal spine setiform and 75 μm long. Armature formula of legs 1–4 as follows: Coxa Basis Exopod Endopod Leg 1: 0-1 1-1 I-1; I-1; III, 2, 2 0-1; 0-2; 1, 2, 3 Leg 2: 0-1 1-0 I-1; I-1; III, I, 4 0-1; 0-2; 1, 2, 3 Leg 3: 0-0 1-0 I-1; I-1; III, I, 5 0-1; 0-2; 1, I, 3 Leg 4: 0-0 1-0 I-1; I-1; II, I, 4 0-0; 0, I, 1 Leg 5 (Fig. 18E) obscurely 2-segmented; articulation represented by transverse unsclerotized area. Proximal segment (protopod) 37 × 32 μm, its outer seta 116 μm long. Distal segment (exopod) narrowing distally, 27 × 22 μm, with three setae, longest one 96 μm long. Leg 6 (Fig. 17F) represented by 1 pinnate seta in genital aperture. Male. Body (Fig. 19A) 903 μm long. Prosome relatively broad, 510 × 449 μm. Cephalothorax 315 μm long, with pointed posterolateral corners. Urosome (Fig. 19B) 6-segmented, fifth pedigerous somite 108 μm wide. Genital somite wider than long, 93 × 136 μm, with rounded corners; genital operculum (Fig. 19H) with spinules on inner and outer sides. Four abdominal somites 80 × 97, 58 × 87, 33 × 78, and 29 × 76 μm, respectively; first abdominal somite with pointed denticle at posterolateral corners. Anal somite shortest among abdominal somites, with spinules near posteroventral margin (Fig. 19C). Caudal ramus (Fig. 19C) 52 × 33 μm, 1.58 times as long as wide. FIG. 17. Stygiopontius geminus n. sp., female. A, habitus, dorsal; B, urosome, dorsal; C, caudal rami, ventral; D, antennule; E, antenna; F, mandible; G, maxillule; H, maxilla; I, maxilliped. Scale bars: A = 0.2 mm; B = 0.1 mm; C, F = 0.02 mm; D, E, G–I = 0.05 mm. FIG. 18. Stygiopontius geminus n. sp., female. A, leg 1; B, leg 2; C, leg 3; D, leg 4; E, leg 5; F, right genital aperture. Scale bars: A–E = 0.05 mm; F = 0.02 mm. FIG. 19. Stygiopontius geminus n. sp., male. A, habitus, dorsal; B, urosome, ventral; C, caudal rami, ventral; D, antennule; E, maxilliped; F, leg 2; G, leg 5; H, leg 6. Scale bars: A = 0.2 mm; B = 0.1 mm; C–E, G, H = 0.02 mm; F = 0.05 mm. Rostrum absent. Antennule (Fig. 19D) strongly curved and 13-segmented; armature formula 1, 2, 12, 2, 4, spine, 2, 4, 2, 2, 2, 1 + aesthetasc, and 11; spine on sixth segment inserted on outgrowth of segment, strong, serrate on distal margin, and tipped with one small setule; eighth segment with round protrusion on anterior margin; tenth to twelfth segments with one, two, and three spiniform processes, respectively, on anterior margin. Antenna as in female. Oral cone, mandible, maxillule, and maxilla as in female. Maxilliped (Fig. 19E) 5-segmented; inner seta on syncoxa and basis expanded, spinulose along inner (posterior) margin, and 34 and 22 μm long, respectively. Outer margin of basis smooth. Endopod with three, one, and one setae on first to third segments, respectively. Leg 1 as in female. Leg 2 (Fig. 19F) with third endopodal segment bearing four strong spines and two setae; lengths of these spines 70, 25, 100, and 44 μm, from outer to inner. Legs 3 and 4 as in female. Leg 5 (Fig. 19G) with protopod fused with somite, with long outer seta. Exopod small, 13×21 μm, with three setae on outer margin. Leg 6 (Fig. 19H) represented by two setae on genital operculum. Etymology. The specific name geminus is derived from the Latin gemin (=twin), referring to the close similarity of the new species to Stygiopontius lomonosovi Ivanenko and Martinez Arbizu, 2006 in Ivanenko, Martinez Arbizu and Stecher (2006). Remarks. As diagnostic features of S. geminus n. sp., the third exopodal segment of leg 4 has three spines and four setae (armature formula II, I, 4) and the inner coxal seta present in legs 1 and 2. This feature is shared by three known species: S. cinctiger Humes, 1987, S. teres Humes, 1996, and S. lomonosovi Ivanenko and Martinez Arbizu, 2006. Stygiopontius cinctiger has a broad, ventrally swollen genital double-somite in the female and is, therefore, easily distinguishable from the other three species. Stygiopontius teres differs also in the female from those of S. lomonosovi and S. geminus n. sp. in having an oviform prosome, tapering epimeral regions of the fourth pedigerous somite, unsegmented broad leg 5, and all bipinnate caudal setae. Females of the remaining two species, S. lomonosovi and S. geminus n. sp., are hardly distinguishable, except for a slight difference in the dimensions of the caudal ramus. The length-to-width ratio of the caudal ramus in the female S. lomonosovi is at most 1.45 based on the original illustration (Fig. 5E of Ivanenko et al. 2006), compared with 1.68 in S. geminus n. sp. However, because males of the two species differ markedly, they cannot be treated as conspecific. For example, the inner distal corner of the maxilliped syncoxa of the male is strongly projected in S. lomonosovi but not projected in A. geminus n. sp., and a prominent outgrowth on the third antennular segment in the male described and illustrat- ed in S. lomonosovi (see Ivanenko et al. 2006) is absent in the male of S. geminus n. sp. These and other differences are summarized in Table 1. *Length/width ratios of caudal rami of S. lomonosovi were measured based on the original illustrations.Published as part of Lee, Jimin, Kim, Dongsung & Kim, Il-Hoi, 2020, Copepoda (Siphonostomatoida: Dirivultidae) from Hydrothermal Vent Fields on the Central Indian Ridge, Indian Ocean, pp. 301-337 in Zootaxa 4759 (3) on pages 326-331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4759.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/374113
Aphotopontius muricatus Lee & Kim & Kim 2020, n. sp.
No full textAphotopontius muricatus n. sp. (Figs 4, 5) http://zoobank.org/ 11F0AA95-F0EE-4D2B-9BF7-6E1B6355513A Material examined. One female (holotype, MABIK CR00244727, dissected and mounted on a slide) from washings of invertebrates, at GTV1807 (19°33.395´S, 65°50.889´E, depth 2634 m), the Solitaire hydrothermal vent area on the Central Indian Ridge in the Indian Ocean, 20 June 2018. Holotype was deposited in the Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea (MABIK), Seocheon. Female. Body (Fig. 4A) broad, flattened, 1.25 mm long. Greatest width 644 μm across cephalothorax. Prosome 753 μm long. Cephalothorax and three metasomal somites acutely pointed at posterolateral corners, 644, 531, 438, and 261 μm wide, respectively. Ratio of length/ width of prosome 1.17:1. Urosome (Fig. 4B) 5-segmented. Fifth pedigerous somite (first urosomal somite) 84 × 175 μm, its posterolateral parts extended laterally, with angular distal corners. Genital double-somite 168 × 139 μm, 1.21 times longer than wide, constricted in middle of lateral margins, with dentiform process at posterolateral corners; genital aperture positioned dorsolaterally at 35% length of doublesomite. Three abdominal somites 57 × 82, 23 × 71, and 57 × 66 μm, respectively; second abdominal somite less than half as long as first and anal somites. Anal somite (Fig. 4C) ornamented with scattered spinules on distal half of ventral surface. Caudal rami (Fig. 4C) elongate, close to each other, 6.61 times as long as wide (152×23 μm); armed with six setae, deduced from scars of setae, all of them positioned distally or subdistally. Rostrum weak, easily destroyed, semicircular, with round posterior margin. Antennule (Fig. 4D) slender, longer than cephalothorax, 565 μm long, 12-segmented; articulation obscure between terminal and penultimate segments; first segment being longest and third segment shortest; armature formula 15,10, 2, 4, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2 + aesthetasc, 1, 4, and 7; larger setae on first and second segments with multiple annulations; all setae naked. Antenna (Fig. 4E) slender, consisting of short, unarmed coxa, basis, 1-segmented exopod, and 2-segmented endopod; basis 128 × 30 μm, with longitudinal row of minute spinules along distal half. Exopod elongate, 8.4 times as long as wide (76 × 9 μm), about 0.6 times as long as basis; with one terminal and two small subterminal setae. First endopodal segment 91 × 23 μm, unarmed, but ornamented with longitudinal row of minute spinules along inner side. Second endopodal segment 39 × 17 μm, less than half as long as first endopodal segment, armed with elongate, setiform terminal spine (235 μm long) and four setae, three of latters small, and ornamented with few setules. Oral cone short, stout. Mandible (Fig. 4F) represented by simple, flattened stylet bearing irregular teeth distally and hyaline lamella at distal third. Maxillule (Fig. 4G) bilobed; outer lobe 34 × 14 μm, with two distal and one subdistal setae; inner lobe 58 × 35 μm, with protruded inner margin and distally armed with five setae, one of them minute. Maxilla (Fig. 4H) 2-segmented; proximal segment (syncoxa) proximally with short, wrinkled tube bearing pore at tip and distally one large setiform extension bearing several stiff setules subdistally; distal segment (basis) elongate, attenuated, with tuft of setules in middle, minute spinules along distal third of inner margin, setules along distal outer margin, and tipped with one large setule. Maxilliped (Fig. 5A) slender; syncoxa and basis fused, without articulation between them, bearing two setae on inner margin, about ten minute spinules near distal third of outer margin and few setules at proximal outer margin; endopod thin, 3-segmented, 38, 53, and 45 μm long, respectively, with three, one, and one setae, respectively; seta on second endopodal segment large, almost as long as combined endopodal segments; terminal claw elongate, 152 μm long, about 3.4 times as long as third endopodal segment. Leg 1 (Fig. 5B) with 3-segmented rami. Inner distal spine on basis slender, 64 μm long. Outer spines on exopod slender. First and second exopodal segments setulose along outer margin. Endopod setulose along outer margin and flexed inwards between first and second segments; first segment about 1.6 times longer than wide; second and third segments broadened; outer distal corner of second segment bicuspid; outer one of two distal setae and third inner seta on third segment distinctly smaller than other setae on segment; inner one of two distal setae and first and second inner setae on third segment rather blunt at tip, with fine spinules along distal third of outer margin. Leg 2 (Fig. 5C) with 3-segmented rami; exopod spinulose along outer margin. First exopodal segment with patch of spinules on anterior surface near base of inner seta. Endopod setulose along outer margin. Second endopodal segment with bicuspid outer distal corner. Leg 3 (Fig. 5D) also with 3-segmented rami. Basis with prominent, digitiform process (indicated by arrowhead in Fig. 5D) on distal margin between bases of rami. Exopod as in leg 2. Endopod also as in leg 2, except armature of third endopodal segment bearing one distal spine and one outer and three inner setae. Leg 4 (Fig. 5E) with 3-segmented exopod and 2-segmented endopod. Coxa lacking inner seta. Basis with small, attenuated process on distal margin between bases of rami. Both rami slender. Endopod as long as first exopodal segment; first and second endopodal segments 43 and 64 μm long, respectively; distal spine on second endopodal segment 133 μm long, longer than endopodal segments. Armature formula for legs 1–4 as in A. kiost n. sp. Leg 5 (Fig. 5F) distinctly 2-segmented. Protopod (first segment) 1.24 times as long as wide (36 × 29 μm), with large outer distal seta (148 μm long). Exopod (second segment) 1.82 times as long as wide (31 × 17 μm), gradually widened distally, armed with one outer subdistal seta (75 μm long) and two distal setae (86 and 40 m long, respec- tively), shorter outer one of two latter naked, spiniform. Leg 6 (Fig. 5G) represented by one pinnate seta on genital operculum. Male. Unknown. Etymology. The specific name muricatus is derived from the Latin muricat (=pointed), referring to the pointed posterolateral corners of the cephalothorax and metasomal somites. Remarks. Aphotopontius muricatus n. sp. is similar to A. mammillatus Humes, 1987, which was redescribed by Ivanenko and Heptner (1998), in having a female genital double-somite that is distinctly longer than wide, with a constriction in the middle and a dentiform process at each posterolateral corner. Otherwise, the new species is readily separable from A. mammillatus and other congeners due to three striking morphological features: (1) the antenna bears an elongate exopod that is longer than half the length of the basis, (2) the syncoxa and the basis of the maxilliped are fused to each other, and (3) the endopod of leg 1 is flexed inwards. FIG. 4. Aphotopontius muricatus n. sp., female. A, habitus, dorsal; B, urosome, dorsal; C, anal somite and caudal rami, ventral; D, antennule; E, antenna; F, mandible; G, maxillule; H, maxilla. Scale bars: A = 0.2 mm; B = 0.1 mm; C–E = 0.05 mm; F–H = 0.02 mm. FIG. 5. Aphotopontius muricatus n. sp., female. A, maxilliped; B, leg 1; C, leg 2; D, leg 3; E, leg 4; F, leg 5; G, left side of genital double-somite, dorsal. Scale bars: A, F, G = 0.05 mm; B–E = 0.1 mm.Published as part of Lee, Jimin, Kim, Dongsung & Kim, Il-Hoi, 2020, Copepoda (Siphonostomatoida: Dirivultidae) from Hydrothermal Vent Fields on the Central Indian Ridge, Indian Ocean, pp. 301-337 in Zootaxa 4759 (3) on pages 306-309, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4759.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/374113
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