1,195 research outputs found
Saggio introduttivo
No full textRimasta per molti anni all’ombra della più nota Aesthetica, che sancisce di fatto la nascita della disciplina filosofica omonima, la Metaphysica di A.G. Baumgarten rappresenta il trattato fondamentale, da cui non solo la sua riflessione estetica, ma anche quella logica e morale sorgono come gemme sui rami della pianta madre. Con quest’opera il suo autore si inscrive in modo del tutto originale nell’alveo dell’illuminismo tedesco, egemonizzato dalla figura di C. Wolff e dalla sua scuola e dal dibattito fra razionalismo e pietismo. Pur essendo senza dubbio interprete della tradizione illuminista, Baumgarten può tuttavia essere ricondotto solo in parte al wolffismo, soprattutto per quanto concerne temi centrali come, ad esempio, la dottrina della monadologia e quella dell’armonia prestabilita. Su questi argomenti egli si presenta piuttosto, e non senza qualche problema interpretativo, come un leibniziano di stretta osservanza e, in questo senso, la sua distanza da Wolff contribuisce indirettamente a ridimensionare l’immagine, a lungo diffusa, di un Wolff mero sistematizzatore delle teorie leibniziane. La Metaphysica gioca inoltre un ruolo centrale nello studio delle fonti kantiane, dato che proprio su questo trattato Kant ha condotto le lezioni di metafisica e di antropologia per la maggior parte della sua lunga carriera di docente presso l’Università Albertina di Königsberg. La presente traduzione risponde a un bisogno che negli studi italiani sul Settecento tedesco si è fatta vieppiù pressante negli ultimi anni, soprattutto dopo la pubblicazione di tre autorevoli traduzioni: in lingua tedesca, inglese e francese
Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten, Metafisica, testo latino a fronte, a cura di Gualtiero Lorini, Bompiani-Giunti, Milano-Firenze
No full textRimasta per molti anni all’ombra della più nota Aesthetica, che sancisce di fatto la nascita della disciplina filosofica omonima, la Metaphysica di A.G. Baumgarten rappresenta il trattato fondamentale, da cui non solo la sua riflessione estetica, ma anche quella logica e morale sorgono come gemme sui rami della pianta madre. Con quest’opera il suo autore si inscrive in modo del tutto originale nell’alveo dell’illuminismo tedesco, egemonizzato dalla figura di C. Wolff e dalla sua scuola e dal dibattito fra razionalismo e pietismo. Pur essendo senza dubbio interprete della tradizione illuminista, Baumgarten può tuttavia essere ricondotto solo in parte al wolffismo, soprattutto per quanto concerne temi centrali come, ad esempio, la dottrina della monadologia e quella dell’armonia prestabilita. Su questi argomenti egli si presenta piuttosto, e non senza qualche problema interpretativo, come un leibniziano di stretta osservanza e, in questo senso, la sua distanza da Wolff contribuisce indirettamente a ridimensionare l’immagine, a lungo diffusa, di un Wolff mero sistematizzatore delle teorie leibniziane. La Metaphysica gioca inoltre un ruolo centrale nello studio delle fonti kantiane, dato che proprio su questo trattato Kant ha condotto le lezioni di metafisica e di antropologia per la maggior parte della sua lunga carriera di docente presso l’Università Albertina di Königsberg. La presente traduzione risponde a un bisogno che negli studi italiani sul Settecento tedesco si è fatta vieppiù pressante negli ultimi anni, soprattutto dopo la pubblicazione di tre autorevoli traduzioni: in lingua tedesca, inglese e francese
Introduction to "Knowledge, Morals and Practice in Kant’s Anthropology"
No full textIn the Introduction, the editors begin by sketching an overview of recent scholarship on Kant’s anthropology in order to provide a framework for the contributors’ essays. Broadly speaking, this scholarship falls into two categories: historical work on the origins of Kant’s anthropology and conceptual work on its relation to other parts of his philosophical system. They conclude by offering a brief summary of each of the nine essays in the volume
Introduction to "Knowledge, Morals and Practice in Kant’s Anthropology"
No full textIn the Introduction, the editors begin by sketching an overview of recent scholarship on Kant’s anthropology in order to provide a framework for the contributors’ essays. Broadly speaking, this scholarship falls into two categories: historical work on the origins of Kant’s anthropology and conceptual work on its relation to other parts of his philosophical system. They conclude by offering a brief summary of each of the nine essays in the volume
The Rules for Knowing the Human Being: Baumgarten’s Presence in Kant’s Anthropology
No full textThe goal of the present essay is to underscore that Kant’s anthropological reflection does not acquire its most accomplished value when it is forcefully placed within the architectural project of the critique, but rather when we question the way in which it can accompany the critical reflection. This possibility becomes almost a necessity in the Critique of the Power of Judgment. Here, by virtue of reflecting judgment, Kant illustrates the agreement between reason, as the universal horizon of judgment, and the singularity of the subject, which conveys any judgment. In doing so, Kant deals with subjectivity according to a perspective that is significantly influenced by Baumgarten’s conception of the I, insofar as it differs from Wolff’s positions. Thus, in the first section of this paper, we will outline the extent to which Baumgarten’s treatment of the relationship between empirical and rational psychology marks a departure from the Wolffian one. In the second part, we will show how Baumgarten’s perspective influences Kant in the 1770s by analyzing Kant’s lectures on metaphysics and anthropology, the basis of which is represented precisely by Baumgarten’s Metaphysica. Then, we will focus on the most original elements of Kant’s anthropological reflection, and finally, we will propose some remarks, aiming at assessing the extent of Baumgarten’s presence in Kant’s anthropological framework
“At tu nomen inane es”. Baumgarten and Kant on the Legislator: Moral Theology and Justice
No full textStudies, although not abundant, on the influence of Baumgarten’s practical philosophy on Kantian moral philosophy have clearly demonstrated two points so far. The first is Baumgarten’s undeniable “positive” influence on the foundation of Kantian morality, concerning both terminology and some central topics, like obligation. The second deals with those features on which Baumgarten’s influence upon Kant can be defined as per oppositionem (Bacin 2015). Among these topics, paradigmatic is Kant’s rejection of the role that Baumgarten, quite in contrast with the Wolffian school, assigns to God in the foundation of morality. The concept of “Legislator” keeps these trends together. Indeed, in the section of the Initia devoted to the obligantia, Baumgarten identifies the Legislator with God as the author of natural laws, as well as of the obligations linked to them. Recent studies have pointed out the relevance of Kant’s distinction between the “author of the law,” who cannot be God, and God as the “lawgiver”—namely, the “author of the obligation”—for the autonomy of Kant’s morality (Kain 2004; Reath 2006; Irwin 2004, 2009). Although excluded from the foundation of morality and with many nuances, the recourse to moral theology, at least as a strengthening or postulate of morality, remains however constant in Kant’s moral philosophy. This is due to the structural need for morality to be accompanied by justice. In fact, this need is not always explicitly thematized, but it is nonetheless pervasive in the development of Kant’s practical philosophy (Brandt 1993). Hence, by looking in particular at the final settlement of the Metaphysics of Morals, the present contribution aims to reconstruct and evaluate the weight of the recourse to the figure of a supreme lawgiver as a heuristic means for making moral legislation effective in both the ethical and legal dimensions
Questionario di qualità percepita (QQP): Uno studio sulle differenze di genere. [Questionnaire of perceived quality (QQP): a study on the differences of gender]
No full textIn the present paper we analyze the psychometric properties of an Italian questionnaire measuring the perceived quality of health services (Questionnaire of Perceived Quality; Coluccia, Ferretti, Lorini, Calamai, 2002). Subjects answered 14 questions subdivided into four factors (i.e. Satisfaction regarding Medical Doctors, Nurses, Auxiliary Staff, and Hospital Structure). We administered the questionnaire to 1,600 patients in the "Le Scotte" Hospital of Siena. According to structural equation modeling, we studied the dimensionality of the questionnaire using confirmatory factor analysis and, successively, we studied differences in gender using Multi-sample analysis. Results show significant gender differences for two dimensions (i.e. Satisfaction regarding Nurses and Satisfaction regarding Hospital Structures). Females, compared to males, express more negative evaluations in these two factors. © PI-ME, 2006
How to make norms with drawings: an investigation of normativity beyond the realm of words
No full textA widespread opinion holds that norms and codes of conduct as such can only be established via words, that is, in some lexical form. This perspective can be criticized: some norms produced by human acts are not word-based
at all. For example, many norms are actually conveyed through graphics (e. g. road signs and land-use maps), sounds (e. g. the referee’s whistle), a silent gesture (the traffic warden’s signal to halt). In this article, we will focus on the norms that are created by means of drawings and can be termed “drawn norms” or “graphical norms.” Specifically, we will inquire into the phenomenon of graphical norms with particular regard to traffic signs and land-use plans, and we will discuss the philosophical and legal problems to which these phenomena give rise
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