1,720,976 research outputs found
The development and practical implementation of Single Pulse Ultra-High Current for humane and Halal compliant slaughter of cattle
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Halal food Certification in the UK and its impact on food businesses:A review in the context of the European Union
Get PDFThe majority of Muslims only consume Halal food because they believe the consumption of such foods is a commandment from Allah (God). Whilst Halal food may be readily available in Muslimmajority countries, Muslims living in the West often encounter a great deal of difficulty in finding Halal food. This led to the establishment of several unregulated Halal Certification Bodies (HCBs) within the European Union and other industrialized economies in an effort to assure Halal consumers that Halal certified products are consistent with the Islamic dietary laws. However, these HCBs operate according to varying Halal standards, brought about by differences in opinion regarding the interpretation of some aspects of the Islamic dietary laws enshrined in the Quran (Islamic Holy Book) and Hadith (Teachings of the Prophet of Islam). This has created confusion among food businesses and Halal consumers regarding what is true Halal, it also particularly makes the regulation of HCBs very cumbersome. This paper aims to review literature on the economic significance of the Halal food market and explore the activities of HCBs and the impact of these on UK Halal food businesses.</p
The Brain, Unconsciousness and Death:A Critical Appraisal with Regard to Halal Meat Production
Get PDFMuslims derive their dietary laws from the Quran (Islamic Holy Book) and other Islamic scriptures. These religious scriptures prohibit them from consuming meat from animals that die before they are bled-out. Some Muslim authorities have interpreted this to mean that, in addition to the animal being alive, it must also be conscious prior to neck-cutting. This has led to a section of the Muslim community rejecting pre-slaughter stunning for halal meat production with the belief that all forms of stunning lead to instantaneous death. It must be noted that some jurists have debunked claims that animals must be conscious before they are bled-out because it does not appear to be mentioned anywhere in the scriptures. This paper reviews literature on the role of the brain in the control of conscious perception and death, and considers the different scholarly definitions of death and how these impact the interpretation of the halal slaughter rules and the impact on animal welfare
Halal Slaughter
No full textHalal prescription and practice have changed over time in line with external social conditions and perceptions of religious purity and piety among Muslims around the world. Before the modern period, Sunni jurists largely accepted the ritually slaughtered meat of Jews and Christians, and there was little questioning of dietary practices and religious rituals. In the modern period, by contrast, as Muslims have become dependent on meat produced in non-Muslim settings, doubt has emerged about the acceptability of pre-slaughter stunning and mechanical slaughter practices. This chapter explores the changing nature of the issues involved through a range of historical and contemporary examples and sources
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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