1,721,141 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The breeding biology of the flesh-footed shearwater Puffinus carneipes
Full text linkThe Flesh-footed Shearwater Puffinus carneipes, a 625g ([plus-minus] 3) shearwater, was studied on Woody Island, off the southern coast of Western Australia, from 2000 to 2003, mainly during the chick-rearing phase. Flesh-footed Shearwaters arrive back at their breeding colony at the end of September/early October, dig burrows and court in October, before an unsynchronised pre-laying exodus through November. Eggs are laid in the last week of November, incubated in December and January, and then hatch mid- to late-January. The fledglings depart in late-April/early-May.
Most nesting burrows were located in areas where soil depth was greater than 350mm ([plus-minus] 14), and were angled into a slope so that the average length was about 1050mm ([plus-minus] 16) long. Burrow activity, monitored with knock-down barricades, peaked around 83-86% of burrows visited nightly in late-October/early-November. Nightly visitation of burrows fell to 8-10% in the third week of November (the pre-laying exodus), and then rose rapidly to around 70% through late-November/early-December as laying commenced. Body mass was high 632g ([plus-minus] 5) during courtship, fell just before the exodus 606g ([plus-minus] 6), then rose again 620g ([plus-minus] 11) upon return.
Parents incubate their egg alternately, each undertaking a shift of one to eight days. A few days after hatching, the nestling is left unattended by day in the burrow, where it receives a meal weighing 13-18% adult body mass every 1.4 nights, on average, during the 101 days ([plus-minus] 1) it spends there. Flesh-footed Shearwaters are strictly nocturnal visitors to their colony, although nightly proportions of nests entered were not adversely influenced by bright moonlight, climatic or oceanographic conditions. Initially, nestlings received small overnight feeds, but these increased in size and were delivered more frequently as nestlings grew. In consequence, although mean peak body masses attained by nestlings differed significantly between years, after an average period of 66 days ([plus-minus] 2) in the nest young attained masses equivalent to 135-160% mean adult mass. This coincided with deposits of body fat, but carcass analyses of nestlings revealed that a substantial proportion of mass accumulation was attributable to water, particularly as a component of body fat.
Subsequently, nestlings lost 30-40% of their mass as the time of fledging approached, even though masses of food were generally no smaller, nor delivered any less frequently during this period. Mass recession occurred primarily as a result of water loss, mainly from the integument, but also, substantially from body fat. This is consistent with the view that mass accumulation is related to feather growth. Although the final body masses recorded differed between years, nestlings fledged at around 92-98% mean adult mass, even though they retained a store of body fat. Nestlings continued to be fed to within one to two days prior to departure. The exception was if the peak mass attained was only 800g or less. Individuals in this low peak mass category lost a proportion of body mass similar to heavier chicks and therefore fledged correspondingly lighter than other fledglings.
It is suggested that parent shearwaters 'over-feed' their nestling so that the peak in body mass coincides with the period of maximum feather growth, and nestling obesity stems from both lipid and water accumulation. The Flesh-footed Shearwater nestling attains a high level of obesity, even though it is fed large meals almost nightly throughout its life ashore, even in poor years. This lends little support to those explanations for nestling obesity in shearwaters that are based upon buffering the young against erratic feeding schedules and long intervals between meals
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
A forensic approach to understanding habitat use from stable isotope analysis of (avian) claw material
Full text link1. The potential of using stable isotope signatures of avian claws in order to infer diet and habitat use was investigated.
2. Highly significant relationships observed between stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios (<sup>13</sup>C, <sup>15</sup>N) in the claws and body feathers of resident birds were expected since it was predicted that they were synthesized in the same habitat and approximately the same time of year.
3. Likewise the non-significant relationships observed between <sup>13</sup>C and <sup>15</sup>N in the claws and tertial feathers of neotropical migrant birds were also predicted since the claws were synthesized in the wintering area and the tertials in the breeding area.
4. The growth rates measured in the claws of five species of palearctic passerines provide evidence that this tissue should integrate dietary and habitat information over a medium temporal scale (probably weeks to months).
5. It is suggested that claws may offer a unique combination of attributes to the isotope ecologist: they are non-invasively sampled; metabolically inert but grow continuously, and are therefore a more flexible tool than feathers.
6. It is also suggested that that the stable isotope signatures in the claws of mammals and reptiles may provide similar information.
6. It is also suggested that that the stable isotope signatures in the claws of mammals and reptiles may provide similar information
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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