1,721,017 research outputs found
Trends of Phalaenopsis orchid breeding research
No full textPhalaenopsis is one of the most popular and improtant orchids produecd at commercial scale. New cultivars are produced by selection of seeding plants during their flowering stage. After selection of orchid plants with desirable traits, tissue culture and mass production of young plantlets were achieved through flower stalk node culture in vitro. Cross hybridization by artificial pollination among different parental hybrids usually can lead to capsule set and seed formation. Howerver, breeding barriers are present in Plalaenopsis and its alliance genera with the mechanisms largely remained unknown. Meiotic chromosome behavior of the pollen mother cells (PMC) was investigated to examine whether it is correlated with seed set in different breeding parents of both Doritaenopsis and Phalenopsis orchids. The results showed that high perecntage of normal tetrad, in addition ot regular bivalent chromosome paring, generally suggests high fertility. Unreduced gametes such as dyads were observed during the PMC meiotic process and the number of the dyads could be increased by treating young flower buds with mitotic inhibitors such as colchicines and trifluralin. Through cross Pollination of chemically conditioned pollinia, chance of obtaining polyploidy seedlings is expected to be increased. Through these meiotic analysis and chemical treatment, breeding efficiency of phalanopsis orchids will be increased
(37(1):24-31)A Simple Apparatus for Starch Gel Electrophoresis and its Application in Isozyme Study
No full text本試驗所設計一套簡易澱粉膠體電泳的設備，經試用於同功異構酶的分析，顯示效果良好，經濟可行。文中詳述電泳槽、膠體鑄模及膠體切割的零件及其組合，並討論澱粉膠之製作及電泳條件、染色方法。一些同功異構酶的偵測及其應用亦在本文提出。
A simple starch gel electrophoretic apparatus has been designed for isozyme analysis. After testing some isozymes, it showed good resolution and economic applicability. Methods of assembling electrophoretic tank, gel model and gel slicer were presented in detail. Starch gel making, electrophoretic condition as well as activity staining were also described. The results of detecting some isozyme systems and aspects of their application were mentioned
Cloning of Phytoene Desaturase Gene in Oncidium Gower Ramsey-Orchidaceae and Its Expression Analysis at Different Flower Stages
No full textOncidium Gower Ramsey is an important ornamental orchid in Taiwan. The bright
yellow floral color is due to carotenoid accumulation in the flower tissues. In order to
understand the expression of phytoene desaturase (PDS), a key enzyme for the
biosynthesis of β-carotene, the cDNA encoding PDS was cloned and characterized
during flower development. The full length OgrPDS cDNA contains 2,273 bp, including
1,593 bp open reading frame encoding for a polypeptide of 531 amino acid residues. The
5’ and 3’ untranslated regions (UTR) were 293 and 387 bp, respectively. The deduced
amino acid sequence of this PDS has 72-75 % similarity to PDS from other plant species.
The relative expression level of the OgrPDS in roots and leaves was investigated. The
result showed that the expression level of OgrPDS at different flower developmental
stages increased gradually until stage 5 which two- and three- fold higher than leaves
and roots, respectively
Leaf, stem and crown galls on perennial asters caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens in Taiwan
No full textLeaf, stem, and crown galls induced by Agrobacterium tumefaciens were observed on field grown perennial asters (Aster spp.). Plants of purple flowers were more susceptible to infection than white flowers. The occurrence ranged from 25% in white flowered and 90% in purple flowered plants. Galls also occurred on leaves wounded by insect bites or mechanical shearing. Agrobacterium tumefaciens was isolated from crown and leaf galls with a selective medium NASA. The bacterial isolate was identified as A. tumefaciens using the Biolog GN system. Inoculation of selected A. tumefaciens strains on Kalanchoe pinnata leaves resulted in gall formation 8~10 days afterward. Several other A. tumefaciens strains from different gall samples also caused gall formation 6~8 days after inoculating on the stems of tobacco, and tomato seedlings. Re-inoculating virulent strains by scissors onto healthy aster leaves also induced galls 10 to 12 days after cut-inoculation. Biochemical tests of most Agrobacterium strains from aster galls showed that they belong to biovar 1
Ectopic Expression of Oncidium Gower Ramsey Phytoene Synthase Gene Caused Pale Flower and Reduced Leaf Size in Transgenic Tobacco
No full textOncidium Gower Ramsey is an important orchid for cut flower production and
export in Taiwan. The bright yellow flower color of Oncidium Gower Ramsey is due to
the accumulation of carotenoids. The phytoene synthase (PSY) gene, a key enzyme for
the biosynthesis of carotenoids was cloned, by isolating total RNA from labellum and
reverse transcription followed by polymerse chain reaction. A full-length sequence of the
Oncidium PSY cDNA (OncPSY) was obtained by rapid amplification of cDNA ends
(RACE). Phylogenetic analysis revealed evolutionary conservation of the encoding
OncPSY protein sequence. RT-PCR analysis showed that OncPSY was highly expressed
in flowers and leaves, but less in roots. Ectopic expression of 35S::OncPSY in tobacco
plant resulted in severe phenotypic effects including dwarfing, altered leaf morphology,
and reduced flower color
(62(2):93-105) 異體表達文心蘭 (南西) ζ-Carotene Desaturase 致使轉基因煙草胡蘿蔔素含量增加及葉型改變
No full textThe bright yellow floral color of Oncidium Gower Ramsey is due mainly to the accumulation of carotenoids making it an important ornamental orchid in Taiwan. In order to understand the expression pattern of ζ-carotene desaturase gene (ZDS), the cDNA encoding ZDS was cloned and characterized. The full length of Oncidium ZDS cDNA (OncZDS) contained 1,986 bp and the 5’ and 3’ untranslated regions (UTR) were 68 bp and 226 bp, respectively. It had a 1,692 bp open reading frame encoding for a polypeptide of 563 amino acids and shared 72.8–96.2% similarity with other plant species. When analyzing the relative expression level of OncZDS in flowers, roots and leaves, the results showed that the expression level of Onc-ZDS increased gradually until flowers half opened (stage 5). Furthermore, ectopic expression of 35S::OncZDS in transgenic tobacco plant resulted in an alteration of leaf morphology and an increase of carotenoid content.
聚積胡蘿蔔素，具有亮黃色花朵的文心蘭 (南西) 是台灣重要的蘭花。為了瞭解胡蘿蔔素生合成中ζ- 胡蘿蔔素脫氫酶 (ζ-carotene desaturase; ZDS) 的表達方式，我們選殖並分析了文心蘭 (南西) 的ζ- 胡蘿蔔素脫氫酶。此關鍵酵素，OncZDS 具有1,986 bp 核苷酸，5’ 和3’ 未轉錄區 (untranslated regions; UTR) 分別是68 與226 個核苷酸。OncZDS 含有一個長1,692 bp 的解讀框架 (open reading frame)，可以解碼成563 個氨基酸的多肽 (polypeptide)，此多肽與其他植物具有72.8–96.2% 的相似度。OncZDS 的相對表現量分析顯示，當花朵開放時，此基因的表現量逐漸增加至花朵半開時 (第5 時期)。而異體表達此基因會造成轉基因煙草的葉形改變，並增加其總胡蘿蔔素的含量
The Breeding Trend and Develpoment of New Varieties of Nobile Dendrobium
No full text由分析 2007 年日本春石斛銷售品種之血緣、原種比重及及主要之育種者，而得知這些品種之育種背景，可區分為三類；首先為白石斛比率較低之品種，如Den. Akatsuki；其二為用Den. Cassiope 為較近之親本，如Den. Snowflake、 Den. Sea Mary 及Den. Hemizakura；其三為由白石斛反覆雜交而來之品種，如Den. Angel Baby。後兩類具有生長快、不佔空間、低温需求短及多花之優點，為現今品種產業及新品種開發之趨勢。
Through the analysis of pedigree, parental species and major breeders of nobile Dendrobium in Japan market, we obtained some background knowledge of these cultivars, which can be grouped into three categories. The first group consists of lower percentage of Den. moniliforme (L.) Sw., such as Den. Akatsuki. The second group consists of Den. Cassiope repeatedly contributed to many hybrids, such as Den. Snowflake, Den. Sea Mary and Den. Hemizakura. The third group is by using Den. moniliforme (L.) Sw. repeatedly in the hybrids, such as Den. Angel Baby. Hybrids of the latter two groups showed advantages of rapid growth, require less growth space, short chilling requirements and multi-florets. They will be explored and emphasized by the flower industry for developing new cultivars
Genes and noncoding RNAs involved in flower development in Orchis italica
No full textOrchis italica is one of the most widespread orchid species in Mediterranean regions. During the last twenty years, great efforts based also on next-generation sequencing approaches have been made to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying orchid flower development, and many genes have been identified in O. italica. The identified genes include many MADS-box genes involved in the ABCDE model in O. italica as well as microRNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate their activity. More recently, genes that are potentially involved in the establishment of bilateral symmetry in the flowers of O. italica belonging to the TCP and MYB families of transcription factors have been identified. In addition, microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs have been identified as possibly being involved in the complex process of flower development in O. italica
Establishment of the Production Technology in Facility of Potted Anthurium Cultivars
No full text試管火鶴花 ‘高雄2 號’ 不定芽經由液體培養後出瓶，以泥炭土加蛭石2:1 (v/v) 的介質栽培，其生長速率較佳。‘高雄2 號’ 植株生育上以椰塊：泥炭土3:1 (v/v) 表現最佳，其次為泥炭土：真珠石2:1 (v/v)；‘阿拉巴馬’在四種介質生長無顯著性差異。‘曼德拉’在溫室環境栽培下，植株生育上目前以N:P2O5:K2O (15:10:15) + N:P2O5:K2O (15:30:15) 肥料配方表現最佳，其次為N:P2O5:K2O (15:10:15) + N:P2O5:K2O (8:12:24)。植株噴施100 –700 mg/L GA3 對 ‘高雄2 號’ 9 cm盆幼苗開花無顯著性差異；‘阿拉巴馬’ 15 cm 盆以葉片噴施400 mg/L GA3 之開花數及盆花品質最佳。
Transplanting of micropropagated plantlets of Anthurium ‘Kaohsiung No. 2’ to the substrate composed of peat moss: vermiculite 2:1 (v/v) was successfully acclimated. Comparing the effect of growing substrate on the growth of ‘Kaohsiung No. 2’ showed coconut shells: peat moss 3:1 (v/v) and peat moss: perlit 2:1 (v/v) had the best performance. For ‘Alabama’ no significant effect on the growth was found with four different substrates. Anthurium ‘Madural’ plants showed the best performance by using N:P2O5:K2O (15:10:15) + N:P2O5:K2O(15:30:15) and N:P2O5:K2O (15:10:15) + N:P2O5:K2O (8:12:24) recipes for fertigation under greenhouse. Leaf spraying or soil drenching with 100 mg/L-700 mg/L GA3 had no effect on flower induction of ‘Kaohsiung No. 2’ in 9 cm pot. While it was effective on inducing flowering of ‘Alabama’ in 15 cm pot when treated with 400 mg/L GA3 by leaf spraying and achieved the best potted flower quality
Study on Isozyme Variation in Malate Dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase of Peach
No full text本試驗利用澱粉膠體電泳探討56個桃品種之MDH及PGD同功異構酶異性，其中MDH共有六種酶型(A, A', B, C, C', D)，低溫需求量高之品種中，有42.4%屬於MDH-B，而低溫需求量少之品種中，則有67%屬於MDH-A。分析MDH遺傳顯示A和C是同一基因座上的兩個共顯性因子。MDH-D型品種之開放授粉後代分離爲A，D及C型，MDH-B型（大久保，白鳳）和MDH-A型(Okinawa, Flordared)雜交可產生A，D，或A，C，或A，B型之後代，有些MDH的條帶可能是受某種修飾因子作用的結果。PGD在土用品種屬於一條型，其他調查過的16個品種均屬於兩條型，進一步分析MDH基因可能有助於解該素與低溫需求性狀的關係。
Isozyme variation in 56 peach varieties was investigated using starch gel electrophoresis. Malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD) were found to be polymorphic. Six banding types (A, A', B, C, C', and D) were observed in MDH. 42.4% of high chilling requirement varieties belonged to MDH-B type, while 67% of low chilling varieties belonged to MDH-A type. Genetic analysis of variable MDH types revealed that A (and probably A') and C (and probably C') were two alleles of a single locus controlling MDH expression. MDH-D was a heterozygote which segregated into types AD, and C. A cross between MDH-B (Okubo or White Phoenix) and MDH-A (Okinawa or Flordared) produced either A, D or A, C, or A, B types, Modification in some MDH isozymes of peach was suggested from this study. PGD showed less variable as compared to MDH. Further characterization of MDH gene (s) may be helpful in elucidating its relationship with chilling requirement in peach
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