616 research outputs found
Developing countries'participation in the World Trade Organization
No full textIn the 1960s and 1970s developing countries viewed UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade&Development) rather than the GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs&Trade) as the main institution through which to promote their interests in international trade. But beginning with the Uruguay Round in the mid-1980s, their attitude changed, many more of them became members of the GATT, and a significant number played an active role in negotiations. The author analyzes developing countries'representation and participation in the World Trade Organization (WTO) as of mid-1997 to determine how developing countries can effectively promote their interests and discharge their responsibilities under the rules and agreements of the new organization. He concludes that although many developing countries are actively participating in the new process, more than half of the developing countries that are members of the WTO participate little more than they did in the early 1980s and have not increased their staffing, despite the vastly greater complexity of issues and obligations. Institutional weaknesses at home are the main constraints to effective participation and representation of their interests at the WTO. To make their participation more effective, he recommends that the developing countries establish adequately staffed WTO missions based in Geneva; failing that, pooling their resources and representation in Geneva; and being sure to pay their dues, which are typically small. He also recommends that the international community place higher priority on programs of assistance in support of institutional development of poorer countries aimed at enhancing their capacity to participate in the international trading system and the WTO -- and that the WTO review its internal rules and procedures to ensure that inadvertently they do not make developing countries participation more difficult.Economic Theory&Research,Decentralization,Economic Conditions and Volatility,Country Strategy&Performance,Labor&Employment Law,Trade and Services,Poverty Assessment,Economic Theory&Research,World Trade Organization,Country Strategy&Performance
Letter from Henry Takeuchi, Rohwer Incarceration Camp to Mr. [John Victor] Carson, Dominguez Estate Company, February 16, 1943
No full textAcknowledges letter from Carson, see Item csudh_rsp_701. Takeuchi confirms selling flumes and pipes and states that buildings were not sold to Farm Product Company. Letter refers to personal property, buildings on land to rent and an assumed current tenant, Julian Rodriguez who he believes still occupies a building. Letter also asks for Carson to check a garage to survey it's contents; a foreman will not let a Mr. Wright check the items. Takeuchi sketches buildings on the leased land for Mr. Carson's use
Yu Takeuchi
No full textYu Takeuchi is serving for JAXA since 2007 and currently working as Associate Senior Administrator at Management and Integration Department of Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate. He is also working as Researcher at the Institute of Space Law of Keio University. He received LL.M. degree from the Institute of Air and Space Law of McGill University in 2015. His main interest is in international space law inter alia the legal aspects of space traffic management and sustainable space development. He is a member of the Air Law Institute of Japan, Japanese Society of International Law, and the International Institute of Space Law (IISL).
Main Works Published in English
- “Toward the International Regime for Space Traffic Management -What to Fix the Current International Regulations-”, (November 5, 2014). Space Traffic Management Conference, Paper 23 (http://commons.erau.edu/stm/2014/wednesday/23).
- “Regulatory Regime for Tomorrow’s Suborbital Space Flights: Point-to-point International Flights”, 56th Colloquium on the Law of Outer Space, 2013.
- “Space Traffic Management as a Guiding Principle of the International Regime of Sustainable Space Activities,” 4 Journal of East Asia and International Law, 2011
- “Japanese Perspective on Legal Issues of Commercial Human Spaceflight” (co-author), 53rd Colloquium on the Law of Outer Space, 2011
- “Legal Points at Issue about NEO Threat Response and International Cooperation” (co-author), 28th International Symposium on Space Technology and Science, 2011
- “From Guideline to International Treaty for Rule of Law concerning Mitigation of Space Debris?” (co-author), 52nd Colloquium on the Law of Outer Space, 2010
Main Works Published in Japanese (title translated into English)
- “What is Space Traffic Management”, Vol. 46, No.9, Journal of the Japanese Institute of International Business Law, 2018.
- Soichiro Kozuka & Masahiko Sato eds., Introduction of Space Law for Entrepreneur (2nd. Ed.), Yuhikaku, 2018. (co-authored)
-“Challenges to International Space Law for Managing Space Traffic”, 55 Kuho (Air Law), 2014.
-“Legal Points as Issues of NEO Threat Response and International Cooperation” (co-author), 3 Spaceguard Research, Japan Spaceguard Association, 2011https://commons.erau.edu/stm-images/1121/thumbnail.jp
Taxing capital income in Hungary and the European Union
No full textCountries seeking membership in the European Union (EU) cannot look to the EU for a blueprint for reforming their system for taxing capital income. Indeed, it is hard to generalize about tax systems in the EU. Most member states apply fairly low tax rates to interest payments and discriminate against profit distributions. But tax rates, exemption levels, and methods of tax integration differ greatly within and across countries, and there is almost no harmonization of methods for taxing capital income. Approaches to taxing capital gains vary greatly, and distortions arise from the treatment of various sources of capital income. In 1993, when the EU began efforts to integrate capital markets, member countries proposed various ways to harmonize capital income taxes, including a proposal to introduce a withholding tax on interest income of residents of member states, with a minimum rate of 15 percent (revised to 10 percent). Under this scheme all interest on bank deposits and government and private bonds would be taxed and there might also be a final withholding tax on residents interest income. But the proposal was not accepted and the EU Commission decided to maintain the status quo, not to pressure member countries to harmonize company taxes. But Hungary could look for models in the Nordic countries (especially Norway and Sweden), Austria, and Finland, which have undertaken far-reaching reforms of capital income taxation. In most EU countries capital gains are either not (directly) taxed or are not taxed systematically. In Finland and Norway identical tax rates are applied to all types of capital income, including capital gains. The centerpiece of the"Scandinavian model"is a dual income tax, combining a progressive tax on personal income with a flat-rate tax on all types of capital income. The"Scandinavian model"contrasts sharply with the"comprehensive income taxation"model, under which a single (progressive) tax schedule is applied to income from all sources. In Austria the treatment of different types of capital income is relatively uniform but the composite tax burden on capital income resembles the highest personal income tax rate rather than a reduced rate. Austria's rate of tax evasion was high, but a 10 percent withholdingtax applied to all interest-bearing assets has reduced discrimination against honest taxpayers.Economic Theory&Research,Public Sector Economics&Finance,International Terrorism&Counterterrorism,Environmental Economics&Policies,Payment Systems&Infrastructure,Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,Public Sector Economics&Finance,International Terrorism&Counterterrorism,Banks&Banking Reform
Structural FAVARによる世界景気の要因分析
No full text東アジアと主要先進国の合計16カ国の景気の変動要因を分析した。先端的な時系列分析の手法であるstructural FAVARは従来一般的なdynamic factor modelと異なり、景気に影響を与えている相互に独立な構造ショックを抽出できるため、景気変動の要因分解が容易にできる。東アジアと日米では「工程間分業」に伴い活発にやり取りされている資本財に体化した技術（投資特殊的技術進歩）の蓄積が景気変動に重要な役割を果たしていることが分かった
Letter from Dominguez Estate Company to Mr. F. [Fusaichi] Takeuchi, May 7, 1937
No full textLetter notifies Takeuchi of the company's required proof of citizenship for land lease holders. The company acknowledges the request is being sent to all Japanese tenants
Letter from Dominguez Estate Company to Mr. F. [Fusaichi] Takeuchi, October 27, 1937
No full textDiscusses nearing lease expiration and new lease requiring signature. Refers to an increase in acreage due to recent survey showing an increase in land being farmed by Takeuchi. Requests signature and one-half year's rent payment in advance
The exact import price and its implications for the US external imbalance
No full textThis article calculates the Feenstra's (1994) 'exact price index' for each category of US-imported goods and aggregates them to analyse the US import demand equation for assessing the seriousness of the external imbalance. What distinguishes Feenstra's exact price index is that it incorporates new product varieties. The exact import price index thus calculated suggests that US conventional import prices are biased upwards. The consequent downward adjustment in import prices causes appreciation in the real exchange rate and lowers the excessive portion of imports (the difference between actual and theoretical amounts of imports obtained from the import demand equation). Since the early 2000s, however, the role that new product varieties play in lowering the excessive portion of imports has declined because the impact of new products on import prices has been outweighed by the impact of the spike in primary commodity prices, which has resulted in a substantial depreciation of the real exchange rate. It is possible that this depreciation combined with relatively large excessive imports has caused the subsequent US current account deficit to stop expansion from the late 2000s onwards.exact import price index, import demand equation, real exchange rate, US external imbalance,
The role of production fragmentation in the international business cycle synchronization in East Asia
No full text東アジアの途上国と日本・米国の間で近年見られる景気循環の連動性の上昇について、両者間の「工程間分業」に注目した動学一般均衡（ＤＧＥ）モデルを使い分析した。工程間分業では国際間で差別化された資本財が交易され、同財が輸入国の資本ストックに組み込まれて生産活動を支えるほか、輸入国は輸入資本財に体化された技術の恩恵も受ける。シミュレーションでは、こうしたメカニズムを通じて工程間分業の拡大が景気の連動性を高めていることが確認された。 : This paper analyzes factors contributing to the observed increase in international business cycle synchronization between eight East Asian developing countries and the major developed economies of Japan and the United States. To this end, a two-country dynamic general equilibrium (DGE) model is proposed which focuses on the role of production fragmentation among these countries. A key feature of the model is that it includes the trade in differentiated capital goods, which are added to the capital stock for production, and the technology embodied in these capital goods. The parameters of the model are calibrated using actual data of the countries included. Model simulations are conducted for two periods (1993–1997 and 1999–2005), before and after the Asian financial crisis, showing that the increase in business cycle synchronization can be attributed mainly to the growing fragmentation of production activities
DNS of turbulent channel flow with a flexible square cylinder
No full textFluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) problem is concerned with in various research fields such as mechanical, aerospace, civil and medical engineering. Their accurate prediction and control are desired. So far, in order to improve the performance of various applications, many kind of research, on the heat transfer enhancement due to vortex generator in heat exchangers, on the drag reduction through the setting of bluff body in pipe-line systems, and on the reduction of flow induced vibration, are conducted. In particular, since the wake of wall-mounted cylinder is a common flow regime in above-mentioned research, the detail of the flow has been aggressively investigated so far[1]. The present study, we pay attention to the flow control using flexible structures in the above mentioned flows. To investigate the potentiality of the control in advance, both high accurate and stable computational scheme is needed so that theactual phenomena including turbulence is well predicted. Therefore, in order to analyze the fluid-structure interaction, we propose aweak-coupling method[2] in which for flexible structures, the rigorous equations of motion are discretized with finite volume method (FVM[3]); for a flow computation, the finite difference method (FDM) is used and the flexible structures is reproduced via immersed boundary method[4]. In this present paper, we demonstrate on the result of flow structure around of rigid and elastic cylinder in turbulent channel flow
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