1,720,962 research outputs found
Studies on the enhancement of immunity to Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
Full text linkThe articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590;
300dpi.
Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.Experiments were undertaken to enhance the immune response of mice, guinea pigs and sheep to C. pseudotuberculosis vaccine.
The antibody response of guinea pigs was not increased either by the simultaneous administration of formalin inactivated vaccine and heterologous live vaccine, or by vaccines grown on special media and extracted with ether : ethanol or sodium lauryl sulphate, or by endotoxin.
In mice and sheep the immunity was not enhanced either by the intravenous administration of inactivated vaccines or by the subcutaneous injection of live vaccines prepared from avirulent strains.
In sheep an inactivated vaccine, concentrated tenfold, caused a moderate increase in the antibody titre and there was a marked improvement in their immunity. Such sheep were markedly more resistant to the lethal effects of a subacute infection of living bacteria than those that received standard inactivated vaccine. It is concluded that concentrated C. pseudotuberculosis vaccine does not confer an absolute immunity but it would be of value when used shortly before possible exposure to infection, e.g. shearing
A comparative study on the immunogenicity of live and inactivated Salmonella typhimurium vaccines in mice
Full text linkThe articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 300dpi.
Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.Mice were very successfully immunized against intraperitoneal infection with virulent Salmonella typhimurium by fluid and lyophilized formalin inactivated vaccines prepared from a smooth strain of the microorganism. A single subcutaneous injection of 0,2 ml containing 0,1% packed cells was sufficient to confer a solid immunity when tested 2 weeks after immunization. Fluid vaccine was fully potent after storage at 50⁰ C for 1 month. A good immunity was also obtained with live vaccines prepared from rough mutants of S. typhimurium. The degree of protection varied with the vaccine strain used. Only those mutants which possessed some degree of residual virulence produced a solid immunity while absolutely avirulent mutants were ineffective unless excessively high doses were employed. Neither inactivated nor live S. typhimurium vaccines conferred protection against S. dublin infection
Immunization of mice and guinea-pigs against Salmonella dublin infection with live and inactivated vaccine
Full text linkThe articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 300dpi.
Adobe Acroabt XI was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.The immunogenicity of a number of avirulent rough Salmonella dublin mutants was compared in mice and guinea-pigs. Live vaccine prepared from Strain HB 1/17 at doses of 5 x 10⁷ per mouse usually gave an immunity of between 70 and 80% but in certain experiments the results were more variable and always poorer. This strain gave a cross protection of 28,5% to S. typhimurium in mice. In guinea-pigs it evoked an average protection of approximately 46% to homologous challenge and approximately 26% to challenge with S. typhimurium. Strain 5765 protected up to 80% of mice against S. Dublin infection and was generally superior to Strain HB 1/17 in this respect. It was, however, less effective in protecting mice against S. typhimurium (20%). In guinea-pigs it was also less effective than Strain HB 1/ 17, giving 34% protection against homologous and 20% against heterologous challenge. Other strains also produced immunity in mice but they were not studied in detail. Formalin-inactivated alum-precipitated vaccine prepared from avirulent smooth strain and containing 0, 5% packed cells proved to be extremely effective in protecting mice against S. dublin infection. It produced an average immunity of 75% and was often 100% effective. It also protected 60% of mice against challenge with S. typhimurium. In guinea-pigs it was, however, totally ineffective against challenge with both S. dublin and S. typhimurium
Immune response to dead and live Eschericia coli vaccines and colostral transfer of immunity to calves and lambs
No full textThe journals have been scanned with a SupraScan 10000RGB scanner; 24-bit true colour, 400 dpi, saved in TIFF-format.
Copies of the master images have been converted to black & white, 1-bitmap images and OCRed with ABBYY Fine Reader v.9 software.
Adobe Acrobat v.9 was used for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.Administration of a single injection of killed polyvalent Escherichia coli (Migula, 1895) vaccine to ewes and cows resulted in a marked increase in the mouse protective properties of their sera. Antibodies were effectively transferred via the colostrum and the degree of passive immunity thus obtained was sufficient to protect lambs against colisepticaemia. Live vaccine prepared from rough strains was able to protect mice against infection but it did not elicit a good antibody response in ewes in terms of OK titres and mouse protecting antibodies.The Equine Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria gave financial support to this digitisation project
Immunization of mice and calves against Salmonella dublin with attenuated live and inactivated vaccines
Full text linkThe articles have been scanned in colour with a HP scanjet 5590; 300dpi.
Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to final presentyation PDF-Format.Previous findings, viz. that mice can be successfully immunized against infection with Salmonella dublin with either live or inactivated vaccine, were confirmed. Immunity lasted for at least 12 weeks in mice which had been immunized with inactivated alum-precipitated vaccine. The immunogenicity of inactivated vaccine gradually decreased on storage at 4ºC, but this was only detectable if a single injection was used for immunization: 2 injections virtually eliminated this phenomenon. The immunogenicity of live vaccine in mice was not enhanced by levamizole or the simultaneous injection of inactivated organisms. Both live and inactivated vaccines provided immunity in calves. A single injection of lyophilized vaccine, prepared from live rough Salmonella dublin strain (HB 1/17), protected 3 out of 6 calves, while 2 injections of a formalin-inactivated, alum-precipitated vaccine, containing 1% packed cells of S. Dublin strain 2652 V, protected 5 out of 6 calves against intraduodenal challenge with 2 x 10⁹ S. Dublin strain 2652 V. Two calves which had been immunized with an inactivated oil adjuvant vaccine were also solidly immune to this challenge. Serum antibody response in calves was poor when measured by the tube agglutination and the haemagglutination tests. Similarly, the sera had only marginal protective values when tested by means of a passive protection test in mice. Antibody titres alone are not a valid measure, therefore, for the immune status of immunized animals
Method of production of and antibody response to an oil adjuvant Bacteroides nodosus bacterin
Full text linkThe articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 300dpi.
Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.A procedure is described for the production of a highly concentrated Bacteroides nodosus bacterin. An oil adjuvant bacterin which elicited the best antibody response in rabbits produced a response in sheep which lasted for at least 6 months
Failure to induce in rabbits effective immunity to a mixed infection of Fusobacterium necrophorum and Corynebacterium pyogenes with a combined bacterin
Full text linkThe articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 300dpi.
Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.Rabbits were immunized with alum-precipitated, oil adjuvant and an untreated bacterin composed of F. necrophorum and C. pyogenes. Immunized rabbits were challenged intradermally with a mixture of F. necrophorum and C. pyogenes. Initially a low level of initial transient resistance could be demonstrated but a solid immunity could not be established
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
- …
