1,721,008 research outputs found
Fig. 2 in Historical, exceptionally large skulls of saltwater crocodiles discovered at the Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum in Singapore
No full textFig. 2. Measurement of Dorsal Cranial Length (DCL) A and B of Edgar, Crocodylus porosus Schneider, 1801.Published as part of Fukuda, Yusuke, How, Choon Beng, Seah, Bernard, Yang, Shufen, Pocklington, Kate & Peng, Lim Kok, 2018, Historical, exceptionally large skulls of saltwater crocodiles discovered at the Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum in Singapore, pp. 810-813 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66 on page 811, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.536439
Fig. 1 in Historical, exceptionally large skulls of saltwater crocodiles discovered at the Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum in Singapore
No full textFig. 1. Exceptionally large skulls of Crocodylus porosus Schneider, 1801 discovered at the Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum (LKCNHM). Edgar on left and Giryu on right.Published as part of Fukuda, Yusuke, How, Choon Beng, Seah, Bernard, Yang, Shufen, Pocklington, Kate & Peng, Lim Kok, 2018, Historical, exceptionally large skulls of saltwater crocodiles discovered at the Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum in Singapore, pp. 810-813 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66 on page 811, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.536439
Landscape layer for resistance
No full textThis is raster file (base_cats_new3.asc) that was used to generate the environmental resistance surface with the ResistanceGA R package (Peterman, 2018) to evaluate models of environmental resistance to between-population movement of saltwater crocodiles Crocodylus porosus in the Northern Territory of Australia, represented by individual pairwise genetic distances among individuals. ResistanceGA models pairwise genetic distances in response to pairwise 'ecological distances' using linear mixed effects models with a maximum-likelihood population effects (MLPE) random effects structure (Clarke, Rothery, & Raybould, 2002), represented by individual ID in our models. We used Smouse and Peakall (1999) pairwise genetic distance as the response variable for this purpose.We estimated resistance surfaces that optimised random-walk commute distances (Etten, 2018) among the locations of sampled individuals as an explanatory variable in models of pairwise genetic distances among individuals. We ran a single surface optimisation in ResistanceGA (Peterman, 2018) to generate resistance values for the six environmental cover categories and stopped each model after 25 consecutive generations of no improvement in log-likelihood.Funding provided by: Australian National UniversityCrossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000995Award Number: Funding provided by: Northern Territory Government*Crossref Funder Registry ID: Award Number: Funding provided by: National Geographic SocietyCrossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100006363Award Number: 51-16Funding provided by: Holsworth Wildlife Research EndowmentCrossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100008190Award Number: HWRE2016R2027NEWFunding provided by: IUCN-SSC Crocodile Specialist Group Student Research Assistance Scheme*Crossref Funder Registry ID: Award Number: 15/5Funding provided by: ACT Herpetological AssociationCrossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100008773Award Number:We created a categorical resistance surface layer using a 3 km x 3 km cell size raster (with 325 x 202 cells) with cells classified as sea, dry land, and the different types of habitats for C. porosus. We classified habitats into 'core breeding habitat', 'marginal breeding habitat', 'core non-breeding habitat' or 'marginal non-breeding habitat', following the definitions in the literature (Fukuda & Cuff, 2013; Fukuda et al., 2007; Webb, 1991). Breeding of C. porosus is highly seasonal during the wet season (November-April) and constrained to temporarily flooded, freshwater waterbodies which are not necessarily the most suitable habitat for saltwater crocodiles outside the breeding period (Campbell et al., 2013; Fukuda & Cuff, 2013; Fukuda et al., 2007; Webb, 1991). The core breeding habitats are the most favourable nesting areas represented by particular vegetation types as defined by Fukuda et al. (2007), while the marginal breeding habitats were identified by broader vegetation communities occasionally used for nesting (Fukuda & Cuff, 2013). The core non-breeding habitats are the most favourable waterbodies that tend to persist outside the breeding season (Fukuda & Cuff, 2013) and does not include known nesting areas. We defined the marginal non-breeding habitats by buffering the core non-breeding habitats by 3 km so that these habitats would include temporary waterbodies that may dry up during the dry season (May-October) or coastal areas with salinity levels similar to seawater (typically 35 parts per thousand). Although C. porosus is highly adapted to the saline environment (Cramp, Meyer, Sparks, & Franklin, 2008; Grigg, Taplin, Harlow, & Wright, 1980; Taplin, 1985), the species occurs in much higher density in brackish or fresh water (Fukuda et al., 2011; Webb & Manolis, 1989) and nesting females and embryos require access to freshwater (Webb, Manolis, Buckworth, & Sack, 1983; Webb, Messel, & Magnusson, 1977). Although some individuals access sea, especially when moving between the rivers (Campbell et al., 2010; Fukuda, Webb, Manolis, Lindner, & Banks, 2019), it is considered less favoured than brackish or freshwater habitats, and dry land is almost inaccessible to crocodiles as suggested by the previous tracking by satellites (Fukuda et al., 2019).
References
Campbell, H. A., Dwyer, R. G., Irwin, T. R., & Franklin, C. E. (2013). Home range utilisation and long-range movement of estuarine crocodiles during the breeding and nesting season. PLoS ONE, 8(5), e62127. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062127
Campbell, H. A., Watts, M. E., Sullivan, S., Read, M. A., Choukroun, S., Irwin, S. R., & Franklin, C. E. (2010). Estuarine crocodiles ride surface currents to facilitate long-distance travel. Journal of Animal Ecology, 79(5), 955–964. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2010.01709.x
Clarke, R. T., Rothery, P., & Raybould, A. F. (2002). Confidence Limits for Regression Relationships between Distance Matrices: Estimating Gene Flow with Distance. Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics, 7(3), 361–372. Retrieved from JSTOR.
Cramp, R. L., Meyer, E. A., Sparks, N., & Franklin, C. E. (2008). Functional and morphological plasticity of crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) salt glands. The Journal of Experimental Biology, 211(Pt 9), 1482–1489. doi: 10.1242/jeb.015636
Etten, J. van. (2018). gdistance: Distances and Routes on Geographical Grids (Version 1.2-2). Retrieved from https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=gdistance
Fukuda, Y., & Cuff, N. (2013). Vegetation communities as nesting habitat for the saltwater crocodiles in the Northern Territory of Australia. Herpetological Conservation and Biology, 8(3), 641–651.
Fukuda, Y., Whitehead, P., & Boggs, G. (2007). Broad-scale environmental influences on the abundance of saltwater crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus) in Australia. Wildlife Research, 34(3), 167–176. https://doi.org/10.1071/WR06110
Fukuda, Yusuke, Webb, G., Manolis, C., Delaney, R., Letnic, M., Lindner, G., & Whitehead, P. (2011). Recovery of saltwater crocodiles following unregulated hunting in tidal rivers of the Northern Territory, Australia. Journal of Wildlife Management, 75(6), 1253–1266. doi: 10.1002/jwmg.191
Fukuda, Yusuke, Webb, G., Manolis, C., Lindner, G., & Banks, S. (2019). Translocation, genetic structure and homing ability confirm geographic barriers disrupt saltwater crocodile movement and dispersal. PLOS ONE, 14(8), e0205862. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205862
Grigg, G. C., Taplin, L. E., Harlow, P., & Wright, J. (1980). Survival and growth of hatchling Crocodylus porosus in saltwater without access to fresh drinking water. Oecologia, 47(2), 264–266. doi: 10.1007/BF00346830
Peterman, W. E. (2018). ResistanceGA: An R package for the optimization of resistance surfaces using genetic algorithms. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 9(6), 1638–1647. doi: 10.1111/2041-210X.12984
Taplin, L. E. (1985). Sodium and water budgets of the fasted estuarine crocodile,Crocodylus porosus, in sea water. Journal of Comparative Physiology B, 155(4), 501–513. doi: 10.1007/BF00684681
Webb, G. J. W. (1991). The influence of season on Australian crocodiles. In M. G. Ridpath, C. D. Haynes, & M. J. D. Williams (Eds.), Monsoonal Australia - Landscape, Ecology and Man in the Northern Lowlands (pp. 125–131). Rotterdam, Netherlands: A.A. Balkema.
Webb, G. J. W., Manolis, S. C., Buckworth, R., & Sack, G. C. (1983). An Examination of Crocodylus porosus nests in two northern Australian freshwater swamps, with an analysis of embryo mortality. Wildlife Research, 10(3), 571–605. doi: 10.1071/wr9830571
Webb, G. J. W., Messel, H., & Magnusson, W. E. (1977). The nesting biology of Crocodylus porosus in Arnhem Land, northern Australia. Copeia, 1977, 238–249.
Webb, Grahame, & Manolis, S. C. (1989). Crocodiles of Australia. Sydney, Australia: Reed Books
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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