2,378 research outputs found
EVALUASI KAPASITAS PROSES CONNECTING ROD DI PT. FUJITA INDONESIA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN SIMULASI KOMPUTER
No full textPT Fujita Indonesia adalah perusahaan manufacturing yang bergerak di bidang industri komponen kendaraan bermotor roda dua dan roda empat. Didirikan pada April 2002 dengan status Penanaman Modal Asing (PMA) dari Jepang. Permasalahan yang sering di hadapi PT Fujita Indonesia adalah terjadi keterlambatan pengiriman part connecting rod ke customer. Berdasarkan data permintaan PT Suzuki Indomobil pada bulan Mei sampai dengan November tahun 2018 adalah sebanyak 303.684 pcs. Namun, total part yang bisa di kirim oleh PT Fujita Indonesia hanya sebesar 94,97% atau 288.423 pcs dengan rata-rata 2060 pcs perhari. Kapasitas produksi connecting rod dari proses cutting sampai dengan final inpection dan packing yaitu sebanyak 2500 pcs perhari atau 350.000 per 7 bulan. Sesuai data kapasitas mesin tersebut PT Fujita Indonesia seharusnya bisa memenuhi permintaan PT Suzuki Indomobil.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengendentifikasi faktor-faktor penyebab keterlambatan pengiriman part, mengevaluasi kapasitas produksi dan memberikan usulan perbaikan sehingga hasil produksi Connecting rod PT Fujita Indonesia bisa memenuhi permintaan PT Suzuki Indomobil. Penelitian ini menggunakan simulasi tools komputer yaitu promodel. Promodel merupakan software simulasi yang dirancang untuk mensimulasikan dan menganalisis suatu sistem.
Hasil dari penelitian ini terdapat faktor-faktor penyebab keterlambatan proses produksi conneting rod yaitu adanya bottleneck pada proses SE Bo side Face, Oil Hile, Conter Boring, RimingTaping, Pin Press, Boring cempering , Assembling Connecting, Fine Bo, Oil Grove, Honing yang disebabkan adanya breakdown pada mesin produksi, kerusakan alat, ketidakhadiran pekerja, keterlambatan pengiriman raw material, adanya part reject. Hasil evaluasi kapasitas produksi menggunakan simulasi tools komputer menghasilkan 3 skenario perbaikan. Ketiga skenario tersebut adalah pembagian shift kerja, penambahan mesin produksi di area bottleneck dan kombinasi antara penambahan shift dan penambahan mesin produksi di area bottleneck. Skenario penambahan waktu shift kerja akan menghasilkan kenaikan troughput menjadi sebesar 3000 pcs perhari. Sedangkan skenario penambahan mesin produksi di area bottleneck akan menghasilkan kenaikan troughput menjadi sebesar 4250 pcs perhari dan skenario kombinasi antara penambahan shift dan penambahan mesin produksi di area bottleneck akan menghasilkan kenaikan troughput menjadi sebesar 9243 pcs perhari. Usulan skenario yang di rekomendasikan yaitu skenario pembagian shift kerja karena skenario tersebut tidak perlu membeli mesin baru pada proses di area bottleneck yang membutuhkan biaya yang cukup besar dibandingkan dengan skenario kedua dan ketiga yang di haruskan membeli mesin-mesin baru. Skenario tersebut hanya perlu penambahan operator dan bisa mengurangi waktu lembur sampai 4 jam perhari. Troughput dari skenario pembagian shift kerja akan menghasilkan part sebesar 3000 pcs perhari atau 420.000 per tujuh bula
Evolution of Rod Antennas for Integrated Terahertz Photonics
No full textIntegrated terahertz photonics has emerged as a viable option for routing and processing terahertz signals with high efficiency and broad bandwidth. This can be implemented by using photonic crystal waveguides entirely made of a float-zone intrinsic silicon slab that has exceptionally low loss for terahertz waves. A challenge presented here is to couple guided waves in this integrated platform with free-space waves. It is imperative that the coupling antennas must have low loss, high bandwidth, and high gain, and be integrated as a part of the platform. Here we present an evolution of antenna designs from a single dielectric rod to a rod array that can satisfy all these requirements. All these antennas are integrated onto the same silicon photonic crystal slab used for waveguiding.Withawat Withayachumnankul, Ryoumei Yamada, Masayuki Fujita, Tadao Nagatsum
Retinitis Pigmentosa GTPase Regulator (RPGR) protein isoforms in mammalian retina:insights into X-linked Retinitis Pigmentosa and associated ciliopathies
No full textMutations in the cilia-centrosomal protein Retinitis Pigmentosa GTPase Regulator (RPGR) are a frequent cause of retinal degeneration. The RPGR gene undergoes complex alternative splicing and encodes multiple protein isoforms. To elucidate the function of major RPGR isoforms (RPGR 1-19 and RPGR ORF15), we have generated isoform-specific antibodies and examined their expression and localization in the retina. Using sucrose-gradient centrifugation, immunofluorescence and co-immunoprecipitation methods, we show that RPGR isoforms localize to distinct sub-cellular compartments in mammalian photoreceptors and associate with a number of cilia-centrosomal proteins. The RCC1-like domain of RPGR, which is present in all major RPGR isoforms, is sufficient to target it to the cilia and centrosomes in cultured cells. Our findings indicate that multiple isotypes of RPGR may perform overlapping yet somewhat distinct transport-related functions in photoreceptors
Odontozona ganzu Saito & Fujita 2022, sp. nov.
No full textOdontozona ganzu sp. nov. (Figs. 1–6) Type material. Japan, the Ryukyu Islands. Holotype: male, cl 3.6 mm (RUMF-ZC-6111), submarine cave called “Akuma-no-yakata” (Devil’s Hole), at Shimoji-jima Island, Miyako Island Group, Ryukyu Islands, 24°49’22.51”N, 125°08’07.84”E, rubble-covered rocky substrate, 80–90 m from the entrance, depth 18 m, SCUBA diving, coll. Y. Fujita, 31 August 2017. Diagnosis. Small-sized stenopodid shrimp with subcylindrical body. Rostral dorsal margin armed with 6 teeth, ventral margin with 4 teeth. Carapace with indistinct cervical groove, bearing cincture of several spines of various sizes; supraorbital region armed with 2 pairs of stout spines; branchiohepatic and postcervial grooves indistinct; anterolateral region with scattered stout spines. Pleonites not sculptured. First and second pleura with transverse carina. Sixth pleuron armed with 2 lateral spines but lacked transverse row of posterior small spines. Telson lanceolate; dorsal surface with dorsolateral carinae each bearing 6 large spines; lateral margins each with 1 strong tooth; posterior margin with 2 submarginal posterolateral and 1 posterior teeth. Cornea pigmented, smaller than eyestalk. Antennal scale bearing 7–8 lateral teeth. Third pereopod palm subcylindrical, armed with irregular longitudinal row of several large spines and their interspaced several small spines on dorsolateral margin. Fourth and fifth pereopods with propodi indistinctly subdivided into 5 segments; carpi indistinctly subdivided into 5– 6 segments. Uropodal exopod with lateral margin nearly straight, armed with row of 8–9 teeth, with 2 smooth longitudinal carinae; endopod lateral margin and dorsal surface unarmed, with 2 smooth longitudinal carinae. Description of holotype male. Rostrum (Figs. 1, 2A, B) moderately long and slender, anterior two fifths directed obliquely upward slightly, reaching mid-length of antennal scale, about half of carapace length, narrowly rod-like in dorsal view; dorsal margin armed with 6 strong, anteriorly directed teeth, 5 of which situated anterior to orbital margin; ventral margin armed with 4 strong teeth; lateral margins unarmed. Carapace (Figs. 1, 2A, B) with postrostral median ridge extending to epigastric region; supraorbital region armed with 2 pairs of stout spines; orbital margin concave, unarmed; inferior orbital angle triangular, armed with large, acuminate, submarginal antennal spine; anterolateral margin armed with 3 (right) or 4 (left) large, acuminate, submarginal branchiostegal spines; pterygostomial angle produced anteriorly and ending in tooth; cervical groove dorsally distinct, laterally indistinct, posterior margin bearing with cincture of 14 large spines, directed anteriorly, ending in hepatic region; dorsal surface of gastric region armed with 4 pairs of large spines, directed anteriorly, decreasing in size posteriorly; postcervical groove indistinct, merging into branchiohepatic groove, posterior margin bearing with cincture of several small spines; suprahepatic region with indistinct groove, bearing row of a few small stout spines; anterolateral and branchial regions armed with scattered several stout spines, directed anteriorly. Sixth thoracic sternite (Fig. 2C) with medially jointed pair of subrectangular, contiguous lobes; each distomesial angle ending in spine; anterolateral margin each armed with 2 spines; ventral surface concave, unarmed. Seventh thoracic sternite with pair of broad subrectangular plates; distolateral angle produced; lateral and anteromesial margins armed with several teeth, respectively; ventral surface concave, unarmed. Eighth thoracic sternite with pair of smaller trapezoid plates; distolateral angle produced; lateral margin armed with a few teeth; anteromesial margin unarmed; ventral surface concave, unarmed. Pleonites (Fig. 1) not sculptured; second to fifth pleura each terminating in tooth, in addition to 2–4 smaller anterior and posterior teeth. First pleonite short, divided into two sections by distinct transverse carina; anterior section with pleuron unarmed laterally, posteroventrally ending in short process; posterior section with pleuron unarmed laterally, its posteroventral margin armed with a few small teeth. Second pleonite rather long, with distinct short transverse carina. Third pleonite longest, without transverse groove nor carina. Sixth pleonite with long, sharp, posteriorly directed 2 spines on lateral region; posterior surface without any spines. Telson (Fig. 2D) lanceolate, slightly constricted near base, gradually tapering distally, 2.5 times as long as maximum width; dorsal surface with shallow median groove flanked by dorsolateral carinae each bearing 6 strong, symmetrically located spines, and 1 pair of large proximal submedian spines; lateral margins each armed with 1 strong tooth on mid-length; posterior margin generally convex, armed with 2 long submarginal posterolateral and 1 posterior teeth. Eyes (Figs. 2A, B, 3A) well developed; cornea slightly smaller than peduncle, hemispherical, pigmented; anterodorsal and posterodorsal surfaces and mesial margin of eyestalk each armed with several small spines. Antennular peduncle (Figs. 2A, B, 3B, C) overreaching mid-length of antennal scale. First article slightly longer than distal 2 articles combined, armed with 1 dorsomesial spine; stylocerite strongly curved inwards, distally acute. Second article armed with 2 dorsomesial and 1 distolateral spines. Third article unarmed. Flagella slender, long, about 9 times as long as carapace. Antenna (Figs. 2A, B, 3D, E) with stout basicerite bearing 2 moderately large, distolateral spines, and several additional spines of various sizes on ventrolateral surface; mesial margin with laminate process. Antennal scale 2.8 times longer than broad, lateral margin slightly concave, armed with 8 (left) or 7 (right) large teeth; dorsal surface with 2 longitudinal carinae, otherwise unarmed. Carpocerite short, reaching level of antennular peduncle, armed with several spines on mesial and lateral margins. Flagellum slender, long, about 13 times as long as carapace. Mandible (Fig. 3F, G) robust; palp composed of 3 articles, distal article oval, intermediate article subequal to distal article in length; molar and incisor processes clearly separated. Maxillule (Fig. 3H) with simple, slender endopod; coxal endite suboval; basal endite moderately broad, truncate distally. Maxilla (Fig. 3I) with slender endopod; coxal and basal endites bilobed; scaphognathite well developed, anterior lobe subquadrate distally, posterior lobe short, subquadrate, widening posteromesially. First maxilliped (Fig. 3J) with endopod subdivided into 2 articles, distal article with 1 sharp spine, considerably narrower than proximal article; basal endite large, subtriangular, with concave mesial margin; coxal endite short, unilobed; exopod with well-developed flagellum; epipod large, feebly bilobed. Second maxilliped (Fig.3K) with moderately broad endopod; dactylus tapering distally; propodus anteromesially truncate, as long as dactylus, produced on ventromesial angle posteriorly; carpus slightly elongate, subquadrate; merus 2.2 times as long as carpus, oblong; ischiobasis compressed laterally; 1 arthrobranch present; epipod elongate, with well-developed podobranch; exopod with well-developed flagellum. Third maxilliped (Fig. 3L, M) overreaching tip of antennal scale by length of dactylus; dactylus tapering distally; propodus with shallow depression furnished with dense grooming setae at distomesial angle (Fig. 3M); carpus subequal to propodus in length, unarmed; merus armed with 4 strong spines on dorsolateral margin and row of several small spines on ventrolateral margin; ischium compressed laterally, armed with rows of several equally spaced moderately small spines on ventromesial and ventrolateral margins; epipod elongate, rod-like; exopod with well-developed flagellum. First pereopod (Fig. 4A, B) slender, overreaching tip of antennal scale by length of chela, with well-developed carpo-propodal grooming apparatus (Fig. 4B); all articles unarmed; fingers about half of chela length, pectinate with many teeth on opposable margins; palm subcylindrical; carpus slender, 2.2 of chela length; merus 0.8 of carpal length; ischium about half of meral length. Second pereopod (Fig. 4C) longer than first pereopod, reaching tip of antennal scale by length of chela and carpus; all articles unarmed; fingers 0.4 of chela length, pectinate with many teeth on opposable margins; palm subcylindrical; carpus treble as long as chela; merus 0.8 of carpal length; ischium about half of meral length. Third pereopod (Fig. 4D, E) longest and strongest, reaching tip of antennal scale by lengths of chela, carpus and half of merus. Chela 1.8 times as long as carapace. Dactylus 0.4 of chela length, slightly curved, cutting edge proximally with large triangular tooth, posterodorsal margin with 2 large strong spines. Fixed finger slightly shorter than dactylus, hooked distally, cutting edge proximally with large subquadrate tooth fitting into hiatus on opposed cutting edge of dactylus. Palm subcylindrical, 2.7 times as long as wide; lateral and mesial margins not carinate; dorsolateral margin armed with irregular longitudinal row of several strong spines and several minute spines in their interspaces; lateral and mesial surfaces and ventral margin armed with scattered small spines or granules. Carpus slightly widening distally, 6.3 times as long as wide, 0.8 of chela length; dorsolateral surface armed with row of widely spaced, strong spines of various sizes, distal-most strongest; ventromesial surface armed with 9 strong spines. Merus 1.1 of carpal length; dorsal margin with row of well-spaced 3 strong spines; ventral margin with row of 6 stronger spines, distal-most spine strongest; length ratio of third pereopod chela against carpus and merus 1.0: 0.8: 0.9. Ischium about half of meral length; distodorsal angle bluntly projecting and with 1 strong spine. Fourth and fifth pereopods (Fig. 5A–D) similar in shape and length. Dactyli compressed laterally, 4.0 times as long as wide, biunguiculate. Propodi about 5 times as long as dactyli, indistinctly subdivided into 5 segments; ventral margin armed with 19–20 movable spines. Carpi 2.7 times as long as propodi, indistinctly subdivided into 5–6 segments; distal 3 joints ending in ventral movable spine. Meri 0.7 of carpal length, not subdivided. Ischia 0.4 length of meri. First pleopod (Fig. 5E) uniramous, shorter than other pleopods. Second to fifth pleopods biramous. Second pleopod (Fig. 5F) with protopod shorter than both rami, armed with several teeth on mesial and lateral margins. Third to fifth pleopods generally similar, decreasing in size posteriorly. Uropod (Fig. 2D) with stout protopod, its lateral margin terminating in blunt process, posteroventral margin armed with several small teeth. Exopod relatively broad, slightly overreaching posterior margins of telson and endopod; lateral margin nearly straight, armed with 8 (left) or 9 (right) teeth; dorsal surface unarmed, with 2 smooth longitudinal carinae. Endopod tapering distally; lateral margin unarmed, distal part unarmed; dorsal surface unarmed, with 2 longitudinal carinae. Gills trichobranchiate, gill formula as shown in Table 2. Color in life (Fig. 6). Rostrum red anterolaterally and ventrally. Carapace generally semitransparent, but forming red patches on supraorbital to epigastric, antennal to hepatic and anterolateral regions; posterior cervical groove to gastric region forming red crescent moon and larger transverse band; inframarginal region of postcervical groove ranging wider red patch to scattered red chromatophores in hepatic region; branchial region forming wider red band; posterior margin forming red transverse band; cervical, branchiohepatic and postcervical grooves semitransparent. First to sixth pleonites semitransparent, each with red transverse band posteriorly, extending to ventral margins; second to sixth pleura with short red longitudinal bands. Telson and uropods with red chromatophores proximally and on distal halves; uropodal protopods with red chromatophores proximally. Eyestalks semitransparent, proximal and posterior regions with red bands. Antennular and antennal peduncles pale red marginally; antennular and antennal flagella semitransparent. Third maxillipeds generally pale red. First and second pereopods generally semitransparent. Third pereopod chela generally pale red; anterior halves of fingers white; palm, carpus and merus pale red; ischium semitransparent. Fourth and fifth pereopods generally semitransparent, but carpi and meri pale red. Etymology. While other species of the genus Odontozona have delicate impressions in the third pereopods, this species has a robust appearance. Therefore, the species name is adapted from “ganzu”, which is a dialect of Miyako Island, originally meaning sturdy, and now has the nuance of healthy. Common name. Ganzu boxer shrimp (new English name), ganzu-subesube-otohime-ebi (new Japanese name). Distribution. Presently known only from the type locality (Shimoji-jima Island, Miyako Island Group) in Ryukyu Islands, southwestern Japan. Ecology. The type material of Odontozona ganzu sp. nov. was collected from a submarine cave called “Akumano-Yakata” at Shimoji-jima Island, Miyako Island Group, Ryukyu Islands, southwestern Japan. Detailed information on the cave systems of the Islands was provided by Osawa & Fujita (2019). In the cave, the middle to innermost parts are known to be completely dark and anchialine environment (low salinity: 24–28 ppt., see Osawa & Fujita, 2019), and following unusual cave-dwelling decapod species are found: Odontozona fasciata Okuno, 2003 (Stenopodidea: Stenopodidae), Calliasmata pholidota Holthuis, 1973 (Caridea: Barbouriidae), Bresilia rufioculus Komai & Yamada, 2011 (Caridea: Bresiliidae), Neoliomera cerasinus Ng, 2002 (Brachyura: Xanthidae) and Atoportunus gustavi Ng & Takeda, 2003 (Brachyura: Portunidae) [see Fujita et al., 2013, 2017; Anker & Fujita, 2014; Fujita, 2018]. The present specimen of Odontozona ganzu sp. nov. was found under boulders in the cave. Two congeners, O. fasciata and O. okunoi are known to be occurred from submarine caves, and both found usually on the substratum and/or a crevice in caves (Saito & Fujita, 2018; Fujita, personal observation). On the other hand, many of the smallsized species of Odontozona are known to be found under boulders (Minemizu, 2000, 2013; Saito et al., 2017), and therefore this new species may not necessarily to live in cave environment. Remarks. Odontozona ganzu sp. nov. is the only species of Odontozona lacking transverse row of posterior small spines on sixth pleuron. Except for the armature of the pleuron, the new species appears to be morphologically most similar to O. stigmatica Saito, Okuno & Anker, 2017 known only by the holotype from Ishigaki-jima Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan, West Pacific Ocean. However, the present new species can be distinguished from O. stigmatica by several morphological features, including (1) the absence of the row of small spines on the posterior margin of the carapace (vs. present in O. stigmatica), (2) the absence of the distinct transverse carina on the third pleuron (vs. present in O. stigmatica), (3) the presence of the posterior tooth of telson (vs. absent in O. stigmatica), (4) the absence of the lateral tooth of the uropodal endopod (vs. having 2 lateral teeth in O. stigmatica), (5) the dorsolataral margin of the third maxilliped ischium is armed with a row of minute spines (vs. naked in O. stigmatica), and (6) the length ratio of the male third pereopod chela against carpus and merus is 1.0: 0.8: 0.9 (vs. 1.0: 0.6–0.7: 0.5–0.6 in O. stigmatica). Several species of Odontozona share the red colored chela on the third pereopod in life; the male of Odontozona ganzu sp. nov. (this study), the male of O. stigmatica (cf. Saito et al., 2017, Fig. 13F), the males of O. arbur (cf. Saito et al., 2017, Fig. 13B, C, D), O. crinoidicola (cf. Saito & Fujita, 2009, Fig. 1A, B; Saito et al. 2017, Fig. 14B), O. ensifera (cf. Kawamoto & Okuno, 2003, 14), O. fasciata (cf. Kawamoto & Okuno, 2003, 15, referred as Odontozona sp. A), Odontozona sp. B (cf. Kawamoto & Okuno, 2003, 15), Odontozona sp. 1 and 2 (cf. Minemizu, 2000, 116) and Odontozona sp. 2 (cf. Minemizu, 2013, 21). As a whole, many species of the genus Odontozona have a transparent body with a red pattern as the base color, it is difficult to distinguish the species of the genus by color pattern. O. arbur can be easily separated from O. ganzu sp. nov. in having sculpture on the pleon. O. crinoidicola has depressed body form, instead of compressed one in the new species. O. ensifera has cincture of about 70 slender spines just behind the postcervical groove, whereas the indistinct postcervical groove has only several small spines in the new species. Moreover, the third pereopod palm is unarmed in O. fasciata, but armed with many spines or granules in the new species. The specimen reported as Odontozona sp. 2. in Minemizu (2013) was not available for the current study, however, its color pattern is in many ways very similar to that of the new species. The present study increases the total number of species in the genus Odontozona to 23, with 11 species present in the Indo-West Pacific, three in the eastern Pacific, six in the western-central Atlantic, and three in the eastern Atlantic, two being endemic to the Mediterranean Sea.Published as part of Saito, Tomomi & Fujita, Yoshihisa, 2022, A new shrimp of the genus Odontozona Holthuis, 1946 (Decapoda: Stenopodidea Stenopodidae) from a submarine cave of the Ryukyu Islands, Indo-West Pacific, pp. 439-452 in Zootaxa 5175 (4) on pages 441-450, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5175.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/700637
Odontozona okunoi Saito & Fujita 2018, sp. nov.
No full textOdontozona okunoi sp. nov. (Figs. 1–8) Odontozona sp. 1— Minemizu 2013: 20. Type material. Japan, the Ryukyu Islands. Holotype: male, cl 4.0 mm (RUMF-ZC-06002), submarine cave (called “ Hedo-Dome ”) at Hedo-misaki Cape, northern Okinawa-jima Island, 26˚51’53.74”N, 128˚14’43.93”E, depth 13 m, SCUBA diving, coll. Y. Fujita, 21 May 2017. Paratype: ov. female, cl 5.0 mm (RUMF-ZC-06001), same collection data as holotype; 1 male, cl 3.6 mm (RUMF-ZC-06003), unnamed submarine cave at northeastern Iejima Island, 26˚43’27.55”N, 127˚49’53.50”E, 15 m depth, SCUBA diving, coll. Y. Fujita, 9 September 2016. Diagnosis. Small-sized stenopodid shrimp with subcylindrical body. Rostral dorsal margin armed with 4–6 teeth, ventral margin with 1–4 teeth; lateral carinae unarmed. Carapace with distinct cervical and branchiocardiac grooves, each bearing cincture of several large spines; supraorbital region armed with 2 pairs of stout spines; hepatic groove and hepatic sulcus distinct; posterior groove distinct, bearing row of several minute spines; cardiac region with 1 large spine; anterolateral region with a row of 3–5 stout spines. Pleonites not sculptured. First to third pleura with transverse carina. Sixth pleuron with lateral spines and transverse row of several small spines. Telson lanceolate; dorsal surface with dorsolateral carinae each bearing 5 large spines; lateral margins each with 1 submarginal spine near base and 1 strong tooth; posterior margin with 2 posterolateral teeth. Cornea pigmented, larger than eyestalk. Antennal scale bearing 5–7 lateral teeth. Chela of third pereopod subcylindrical, almost unarmed but with irregular row of several small spines on dorsomesial surface. Fourth and fifth pereopods with propodi subdivided into 6 joints; carpi subdivided into 9 joints. Uropodal exopod with lateral margin nearly straight, armed with row of 5–6 teeth, dorsal surface unarmed, with 2 smooth longitudinal carinae; endopod with lateral margin bearing 2 teeth, dorsal surface unarmed, with 2 smooth longitudinal carinae. Description of holotype male. Rostrum (Figs. 1, 2A, B) moderately long and slender, directed obliquely upward, reaching mid-length of antennal scale, 0.58 of carapace length, narrowly rod-like in dorsal view; dorsal margin armed with 6 strong, anteriorly directed teeth, posterior two situated posterior to orbital margin; ventral margin armed with 3 small teeth; lateral carinae unarmed. Carapace (Figs. 1, 2A, B) with postrostral median ridge extending to epigastric region; rostral base unarmed; supraorbital region armed with 2 pairs of stout spines; orbital margin concave, unarmed; inferior orbital angle triangular, armed with large, acuminate, submarginal antennal spine; anterolateral margin armed with large, acuminate, marginal branchiostegal spine; pterygostomial angle produced anteriorly and armed with a few additional spines extending to anteroventral margin of carapace, diminishing in size posteriorly; cervical groove distinct, posterior margin bearing with cincture of several large spines, directed anteriorly, ending in hepatic region; branchiocardiac groove distinct, merging into hepatic groove, posterior margin bearing with cincture of several large spines; branchiocardiac sulcus distinct; posterior groove distinct at posterior margin of carapace bearing row of several small spines; gastro-cardiac and suprahepatic regions with distinct grooves, bearing row of a few stout spines; hepatic groove distinct, bearing a row of 2 stout spines anterior to and an oblique row of 3 stout spines posterior to branchiocardiac groove; hepatic sulcus distinct; dorsal surface of cardiac region armed with 1 large spine; anterolateral region armed with a row of 3 or 4 anteriorly directed stout spines and additional small spine; branchial region armed with irregular row of several stout spines ending in posterior margin of carapace. Sixth thoracic sternite (Fig. 2C) with medially jointed pair of subrectangular, contiguous lobes; each distolateral angle ending in spine; anteromesial margin unarmed, lateral armed with 1 spine; ventral surface concave, unarmed. Seventh thoracic sternite with pair of broad subrectangular plates; distolateral angle produced; lateral and anteromesial margins unarmed; ventral surface concave, unarmed. Eighth thoracic sternite with pair of smaller trapezoid plates; distolateral angle produced; lateral margin armed with a few spines; anteromesial margin unarmed; ventral surface concave, unarmed. Pleonites (Fig. 1) not sculptured; second to fifth pleura each with 1 short transverse sulcus and 0 or 1 small spine, each terminating in tooth, in addition to 1 or 2 smaller anterior and posterior teeth. First pleonite short, divided into two sections by distinct transverse carina; anterior section with pleuron unarmed laterally, posteroventrally ending in short process; posterior section with pleuron unarmed laterally, its posteroventral margin armed with 1 tooth. Second pleonite rather long, divided into two sections by distinct transverse carina, extending intermittently to about 1/4 of pleuron height; anterior section of tergum with 2 shallow transverse grooves. Third pleonite longest, divided into two sections by distinct transverse carina. Sixth pleonite with long, sharp, posteriorly directed spine on anterolateral region; posterolateral surface with transverse rows of 4 small spines. Telson (Fig. 2D) elongate, lanceolate, slightly constricted near base, gradually tapering distally, 3.2 times as long as maximum width; dorsal surface with shallow median groove flanked by dorsolateral carinae each bearing 5 strong, symmetrically located spines, and 1 pair of large proximal submedian spines; lateral margins each armed with 1 submarginal spine near base and 1 strong tooth posterior to mid-length; posterior margin generally convex, armed with 2 long submarginal posterolateral teeth. Eyes (Fig. 2A, B) well developed; cornea broader and longer than peduncle, hemispherical, pigmented; anterodorsal surface of eyestalk armed with several small spines and granules. Antennular peduncle (Fig. 2A, B) reaching mid-length of antennal scale. First article slightly shorter than distal 2 articles combined; stylocerite strongly curved inwards, distally acute. Second article armed with 0–1 dorsomesial, 1 dorsal and 1–2 distolateral spines; third article armed with 1 distolateral spine. Flagella slender, long, about 16 times as long as carapace. Antenna (Fig. 2A, B) with stout basicerite bearing 2 moderately large, distolateral spines, and few additional spines of various sizes on ventrolateral surface; mesial margin with laminate process. Antennal scale 4.4 times longer than broad, lateral margin slightly concave, armed with 7 (left) or 6 (right) small teeth; dorsal surface with 2 longitudinal carinae, otherwise unarmed. Carpocerite short, reaching level of first article of antennular peduncle, armed with few spines on mesial and lateral margins. Flagellum slender, long, about 23 times as long as carapace. Mandible (Fig. 3A, B) robust; palp composed of 3 articles, distal article oval, furnished with dense setae, intermediate article subequal to distal article in length, distally with tuft of setae; molar and incisor processes clearly separated; molar surface with 5 small teeth; incisor bearing 3 stout teeth distally followed by 4 teeth proximally. Maxillule (Fig. 3C) with simple, slender endopod; coxal endite suboval, with submarginal row of stiff setae on lateral surface; basal endite moderately broad, truncate distally, with several slender spinules and some long spiniform setae. Maxilla (Fig. 3D) with slender endopod; coxal and basal endites bilobed; scaphognathite well developed, anterior lobe subquadrate distally, posterior lobe short, subquadrate, widening posteromesially. First maxilliped (Fig. 3E, F) with endopod subdivided into 3 articles, distal article spiniform, considerably narrower than proximal two articles; basal endite large, subtriangular, with concave mesial margin; coxal endite short, unilobed; 1 arthrobranch present; exopod with well-developed flagellum; epipod large, feebly bilobed. Second maxilliped (Fig. 3G) with moderately broad endopod; dactylus tapering distally; propodus anteromesially truncate, as long as dactylus, produced on ventromesial angle posteriorly; carpus slightly elongate, subquadrate; merus 1.9 times as long as carpus, oblong, mesial margin bearing row of stiff setae; ischiobasis compressed laterally; 1 arthrobranch present; epipod elongate, with well-developed podobranch; exopod with welldeveloped flagellum. Third maxilliped (Fig. 3H, I) overreaching tip of antennal scale by length of dactylus; dactylus tapering distally, lateral margin furnished with row of long setae; propodus with shallow depression furnished with dense grooming setae at distomesial angle (Fig. 3I); carpus subequal to propodus in length, unarmed; merus armed with 4 strong spines on dorsolateral margin; ischium compressed laterally, armed with row of several equally spaced moderately small spines on ventromesial margin; 2 arthrobranchs and 1 pleurobranch present; epipod elongate, rod-like; exopod with well-developed flagellum. First pereopod (Fig. 3J, K) slender, overreaching tip of antennal scale by length of chela, with well-developed carpo-propodal grooming apparatus (Fig. 3K); all articles unarmed; fingers about half of chela length, pectinate with many teeth on opposable margins; palm subcylindrical; carpus slender, 1.2 of chela length; merus 0.9 of carpal length; ischium 0.9 of meral length. Second pereopod (Fig. 3L, M) longer than first pereopod, overreaching tip of antennal scale by length of chela and half-length of carpus; all articles unarmed; fingers about half of chela length, pectinate with many teeth on opposable margins (Fig. 3M); palm subcylindrical; carpus twice as long as chela; merus 0.7 of carpal length; ischium 0.6 of meral length. Third pereopod (Fig. 4A–C) longest and strongest, overreaching tip of antennal scale by lengths of chela, carpus and half of merus. Chela 1.8 times as long as carapace. Dactylus 0.4 of chela length, slightly curved, cutting edge proximally with large triangular tooth, otherwise unarmed. Fixed finger slightly shorter than dactylus, hooked distally, cutting edge proximally with large subquadrate tooth fitting into hiatus on opposed cutting edge of dactylus. Palm subcylindrical, 3.5 times as long as wide; lateral and mesial margins not carinate; dorsomesial surface armed with irregular longitudinal rows of several minute spines; ventral surface unarmed. Carpus slightly widening distally, 15 times as long as wide, 1.8 of chela length; dorsolateral surface armed with row of widely spaced, strong spines of various sizes, distal-most strongest; ventromesial surface armed with 5 strong spines. Merus 0.7 of carpal length; dorsal margin with row of well-spaced 4 strong spines; ventral margin with row of 6 less stronger spines, distal-most spine strongest; length ratio of third pereopod chela against carpus and merus 1.0: 1.8: 1.3. Ischium about half of meral length; distodorsal angle bluntly projecting and with 1 strong spine. Fourth and fifth pereopods (Fig. 5A–C) similar in shape and length. Dactyli compressed laterally, 3.7 times as long as wide, biunguiculate. Propodi about 6 times as long as dactyli, subdivided into 6 joints; ventral margin armed with 19–20 movable spines. Carpi 2.7 times as long as propodi, subdivided into 9 joints; distal 4 or 5 joints ending in ventral movable spine. Meri 0.7 of carpal length, not subdivided. Ischia about half length of meri. First pleopod (Fig. 5D) uniramous, shorter than other pleopods. Second to fifth pleopods biramous. Second pleopod (Fig. 5E) with protopod shorter than both rami, unarmed on mesial and lateral margins. Third to fifth pleopods generally similar, decreasing in size posteriorly. Uropod (Fig. 2D) with stout protopod, its lateral margin terminating in blunt process, posteroventral margin armed with small spine. Exopod relatively broad, slightly overreaching posterior margins of telson and endopod; lateral margin nearly straight, armed with 6 (left) or 5 (right) teeth; dorsal surface unarmed, with 2 smooth longitudinal carinae. Endopod tapering distally; lateral margin armed with 2 teeth, distal part unarmed; dorsal surface unarmed, with 2 longitudinal carinae. Gill formula as shown in Table 1. Paratype female. Rostrum (Fig. 6) 0.51 of carapace length, dorsal margin armed with 6 small, anteriorly directed teeth, all subequal in size; posterior-most tooth situated posterior to orbital margin; ventral margin with 1 small, subdistal tooth. Carapace armed with cincture of several stout spines on cervical, branchiocardiac and hepatic grooves; hepatic sulcus distinct; spines generally less strong than in males. Sixth thoracic sternite (Fig. 7A) with pair of broad, triangular lobes, their lateral and mesial margins unarmed, posterolateral angles rounded, unarmed or armed with a blunt tooth; seventh sternite with pair of broad, quadrangular lobes, distolateral angles rounded, lateral and anteromesial margins unarmed, posterolateral angles rounded, unarmed or armed with a blunt tooth, posteromesial margins unarmed; eighth sternite with pair of trapezoid lobes, distolateral angles rounded, lateral margin unarmed or armed with a blunt tooth on posterolateral angles, posteromesial margins unarmed. Chela of third pereopod (Fig. 7B, C) 1.4 times as long as carapace; dactylus 0.4 of chela length; palm subcylindrical, 5 times as long as wide, lateral and mesial margin unarmed, dorsal and ventral surfaces unarmed, except for 1 small spine on posterior 1/7 of dorsal surface; carpus slightly broadened distally, 16 times as long as wide, 1.8 to chela length; merus 0.8 of carpus length; length ratio of third pereopod chela against carpus and merus 1.0: 1.6: 1.2. Number of eggs: 412; eggs subspherical, diameter 0.73–0.79 x 0.53–0.65 mm. Paratype male. Rostrum 0.67 of carapace length; dorsal margin armed with 4 strong teeth; ventral margin armed with 4 small teeth; rostral base unarmed (left) or armed with 1 small spine (right). Sixth pleuron with transverse row of 4–5 small spines. Antennal scale bearing 5–6 lateral teeth. Fourth and fifth pereopods with propodi subdivided into 6 joints, carpi subdivided into 9–11 joints. Color in life (Fig. 8). Body and appendages with semitransparent-whitish. Carapace generally semitransparent, but forming red patches on supraorbital to epigastric and anterolateral regions, posterior to cervical groove forming larger red patch, inframarginal region of branchiocardiac groove ranging larger red patch to scattered red chromatophres posterolaterally, posterior margin forming red transverse band; cervical, branchiocardiac, suprahepatic and hepatic grooves semitransparent. First to second and fourth to sixth pleonites each with red transverse band posteriorly, extending to ventral margin; third pleonite with red transverse bands anteriorly and posteriorly. Telson with red chromatophores proximally and on distal half; uropods and uropodal protopods with red chromatophores proximally; endopods semitransparent. Eyestalks, as well as antennular and antennal peduncles, with reddish chromatophores; antennular and antennal flagella reddish. Third maxillipeds generally semitransparent, but each junctions of segments reddish. First and second pereopods generally semitransparent, but propodal-carpal and carpal-meral junctions reddish. Third pereopod chela whitish; carpus ranging from red-orange to reddish semitransparent proximally; merus and ischium reddish marginally. Fourth and fifth pereopods generally semitransparent, but meri reddish. Eggs in female bluish green (Fig. 8C). Etymology. The new species is named after our colleague, Dr. Junji Okuno for his important contribution to carcinology and taxonomy. Common name. Okuno’s white hand boxer shrimp (new English name), Okuno-subesube-otohime-ebi (new Japanese name). Distribution. Presently known only from the Ryukyu Islands, southwestern Japan. Ecology. The type materials of Odontozona okunoi sp. nov. were collected from 2 submarine caves called as “Hedo-Dome” at Okinawa-jima Island and “unnamed cave” at Ie-jima Island, the Ryukyu Islands, southwestern Japan. Detailed information on the cave systems of the Islands provided by Shimomura & Fujita (2017) and Komai & Fujita (2018), respectively. In both caves, the innermost part is known to be anchialine environment, and following unique decapod species are found: Caligoneus cavernicola Komai & Fujita, 2018 (Caridea: Alpheidae), Salmoneus antricola Komai, Yamada & Yunokawa, 2015 (Caridea: Alpheidae), Bresilia rufioculus Komai & Yamada, 2011 (Caridea: Bresiliidae), Catoptrus iejima Fujita & Naruse, 2011 (Brachyura: Portunidae), Atoportunus gustavi Ng & Takeda, 2003 (Brachyura: Portunidae), and Lipkemera iejima Naruse & Fujita, 2015 [see Komai & Fujita (2018)]. But the present new species was found only near the entrance of the caves. Remarks. Odontozona okunoi sp. nov. closely resembles O. anaphorae Manning & Chace, 1990 known only by the holotype from Ascension Island, South Atlantic Ocean. However, the direct re-examination of the O. anaphorae holotype revealed that the present new species can be distinguished from O. anaphorae by several morphological features, including (1) the presence of 1 large cardiac spine on the carapace (vs. absent in O. anaphorae), (2) the presence of the small spines on the third to sixth pleural surface (vs. absent in O. anaphorae), (3) the absence of the median tooth of the posterior margin of telson (vs. having 1 median tooth in O. anaphorae), (4) the dorsomesial surface of the third pereopod palm is armed with a row of minute spines (vs. naked in O. anaphorae), and (5) the length ratio of the male third pereopod chela against carpus and merus is 1.0: 1.8: 1.3 (vs. 1.0: 1.2: 1.0 in O. anaphorae). Odontozona okunoi sp. nov. is also similar to O. meloi Anker & Tavares, 2013 known by the holotype from the Brazilian continental shelf and 2 specimens from off French Guinea (Chen et al, 2016). However, the main differences between O. meloi and O. okunoi sp. nov. lie in the armature of the carapace, which has 2 pairs of spines on the rostral base in O. meloi (absent or present incompletely, only 1 spine on one side in O. okunoi sp. nov.); the third pereopod chela, which is fringed with long fine setae on both the dorsal and ventral margins of the palm and fingers (absent long setae in O. okunoi sp. nov.); the armature of the telson, which has 3 or 4 spines on dorsolateral carinae and 1 posterior tooth in O. meloi (5 symmetrically located spines and no posterior tooth in O. okunoi sp. nov.) (cf. Anker & Tavares, 2003, Figs. 1 ̄3). Odontozona okunoi sp. nov. appears to share several characters with O. fasciata Okuno, 2003, which is similar to the present new species in living in submarine caves of the tropical western Pacific. For instance, in both species, the pleonites are not sculptured; the posterolateral surface of the sixth pleonal somite is armed with transverse rows of spines; the antennal scale (scaphocerite) is dorsally unarmed; third to fifth pereopods are very long and slender; each first to sixth pleonite has red transverse band posteriorly (Okuno, 2003). From comparison with the original description and the data obtained from the examination of the additional specimens of O. fasciata, the new species can be readily distinguished from O. fasciata by several features as (1) the number of teeth on the ventral margin of the rostrum being smaller in number, i.e. 1–4 teeth (vs. about 6 teeth in O. fasciata), (2) the absence of spines on the dorsolateral margin of the ischium and ventromesial margin of the merus of the third maxilliped (vs. having 6 and 3 spines in O. fasciata), (3) relatively long length ratio of the male third pereopod chela against carpus and merus is 1.0: 1.8: 1.3 (vs. 1.0: 0.8: 0.8 in O. fasciata), (4) the absence of posterior tooth on posterior margin of telson (vs. having a small tooth in O. fasciata), and (5) chela of the third pereopod whitish (vs. palm reddish, dactylus and fixed finger whitish in O. fasciata) (cf. Okuno, 2003, Figs. 1 ̄6). As long as having white colored chela on the third pereopod, Odontozona okunoi sp. nov., the ovigerous females of O. arbur (cf. Saito et al 2017, Fig. 13A, E) and the female of O. aff. sculpticaudata (cf. Minemizu 2013, 21) can be mentioned. However, only the present new species is white only with chela (Fig. 8), the other two can be distinguished by white colored chela and carpus. The specimen reported as Odontozona sp. 1. in Minemizu (2013) was not available for the present study; however, its color pattern corresponds to that of the present new species. The present study increases the total number of species in the genus Odontozona to 21, with nine species present in the Indo-West Pacific, three in the eastern Pacific, six in the western-central Atlantic, and three in the eastern Atlantic, two being endemic to the Mediterranean Sea. In addition, species of Odontozona will be discovered in the future, as shown in recent picture guide books using underwater photos (e.g. Minemizu, 2000: Odontozona spp.; Kawamoto & Okuno, 2003: Odontozona sp. C; Kuiter & Debelius, 2009: Odontozona sp.; Minemizu, 2013: Odontozona spp.).Published as part of Saito, Tomomi & Fujita, Yoshihisa, 2018, A new species of the stenopodidean shrimp genus Odontozona Holthuis, 1946 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Stenopodidea: Stenopodidae) from the Ryukyu Islands, Indo-West Pacific, pp. 458-472 in Zootaxa 4450 (4) on pages 459-471, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4450.4.4, http://zenodo.org/rec
A rod-linear cascade model for emulating rotor-stator interaction noise in turbofans: A numerical study
No full textThis manuscript presents a rod-linear cascade model for emulating rotor-stator interaction noise. The model is intended as a test platform for studying noise mitigation techniques for a turbofan fan stage, while it also extends the classical rod-airfoil configuration by considering a row of blades based on realistic geometrical details. The rod-linear cascade model consists of a rod positioned upstream of a 7-blade linear cascade, such that the rod wake impinges onto the central blade. The rod is scaled to obtain a fundamental shedding frequency equal to the first blade passing frequency of the NASA-Glenn Source Diagnostics Test (SDT)fan stage at approach condition. The cascade blade profile is also based on the OGV of the SDT sampled at 90% of the radial span. Subsequently, numerical simulations are performed using lattice-Boltzmann Method on a computational setup comprised of a contraction and a test section enclosing the rod-linear cascade model. The integral length scales of the rod wake and the mean loading of the central blade have been found to be in good agreement with the trends observed in the SDT fan stage. The primary noise sources are localized at the central blade leading edge, although noise propagation to the far-field is influenced by additional diffraction by the other blades. Furthermore, the acoustic-blade row interaction causes intense pressure fluctuation within the inter-blade channels, including in those that are not directly affected by the rod wake.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Wind Energ
Axianassa planioculus Komai & Fujita 2019, n. sp.
No full textAxianassa planioculus n. sp. [New Japanese name: Kabira-suna-syako-ebi] (Figs. 1–5) Material examined. Holotype: male (cl 5.5 mm), southernmost part of Kabira Bay, Ishigaki Island, Yaeyama Islands, Ryukyu Islands (Monitoring Sites 1000 site number TFKBR-BU, 24°26'35"N, 124°08'21"E), intertidal sand/ mud flat, possibly from a probable echiuran borrow, steel suction pump (Alvey Co. Ltd), 20 August 2017, coll. Y. Fujita, CBM-ZC 15348. Description of holotype. Body (Fig. 1) with sparse long, erect setae on dorsal surface; integument poorly calcified, soft. Carapace (Fig. 2 A–C) with straight linea thalassinica extending along entire length and well-defined cervical groove passing posterior to midlength of carapace (at about 0.7 carapace length); anterolateral margin bilobed with shallow notch with ventral to anterior end of linea thalassinica; pterygostomial margin broadly rounded; gastric region smooth, without longitudinal carinae. Rostrum flattened dorsoventrally, triangular with rounded tip, wider than long, reaching midlength of article 2 of antennular peduncle; lateral margins nearly straight, unarmed; dorsal surface slightly convex transversely, with scattered short setae. Pleon (Fig. 1) slightly compressed laterally. Pleomere 1 (Fig. 2D) with subtriangular pleuron terminating in subacute point ventrally. Pleomeres 2–5 all lacking dense lateral fringe or patch of plumose setae; all pleura marginally rounded, unarmed. Pleomere 6 with posterolateral angle not markedly produced, ventrolateral margin sinuous. Telson (Fig. 2E) suboval in general outline, 1.3 times longer than wide, greatest width at anterior one-fourth, narrowing posteriorly; posterior margin broadly rounded, unarmed, fringed with sparse long setae, merging into gently convex lateral margins; dorsal surface without spiniform setae but with scattered long setae. Eyestalks (Fig. 2B) depressed dorsoventrally, short, reaching midlength of rostrum, concealed by rostrum, thus not visible in dorsal view; cornea occupying entire terminal portion of eyestalk, lightly pigmented in alcohol-preserved condition. Antennular peduncle (Fig. 2 A–C) slightly longer than half-length of carapace. Article 1 short, not visible in dorsal and lateral views. Article 2 also short. Article 3 elongate, subcylindrical, slender, slightly overreaching midlength of article 4 of antennal peduncle. Dorsal flagellum stouter and longer than ventral flagellum, each article of dorsal flagellum bearing some short setae on distal margin (about as long as 1 article length), subdistal 6 articles bearing aesthetascs. Antennal peduncle (Fig. 2 A–C) stouter than antennular peduncle, with greatly elongate article 4, total length about 0.8 times as long as carapace. Article 1 stout, with somewhat produced ventrodistal margin with excretion pore. Articles 2 and 3 short. Article 4 subcylindrical, about 0.6 of carapace length, with sparse short to long setae. Article 5 less than 0.2 length of article 4. Scaphocerite small, slightly narrowing and bi-spined distally (Fig. 2F), slightly reaching distal margin of peduncular article 2, about twice as long as wide; no additional spine on mesial margin. Flagellum reaching well beyond extended chelipeds, bearing sparse setae. Mouthparts not dissected. Maxillipeds 1 and 2 each with well-developed epipod and associated podobranch. Maxilliped 3 (Fig. 4A) slender, pediform. Coxa unarmed. Basis short. Ischium widened distally in dorsal view; ventral margin carinate; crista dentata with row of 14 acute unequal teeth, middle tooth longest (Fig. 5B). Merus slightly longer and wider than ischium, with small subdistal spine on carinate ventral margin. Carpus short, not particularly widened distally. Propodus about twice length of carpus. Dactylus 0.6 times as long as propodus, gradually tapering distally to blunt tip. Ventral margins of ischium to propodus with row of long setae. Exopod absent. Epipod (Fig. 5A) large, distally bilobed, outer lobe broad, marginally multidenticulate, partially embracing podobranch, inner lobe slender, rod-like, longer than outer lobe, with sparse setae; podobranch well developed; mastigobranch slender, rod-like. Left cheliped (pereopod 1) missing. Right cheliped (Fig. 3A, B) compressed laterally. Ischium (Fig. 3C) not particularly widened distally, with row of setae on ventral margin; ventromesial margin with row of minute granules. Merus 1.9 times as long as high; dorsal margin strongly convex, unarmed; ventral margin slightly convex, also unarmed, with shallow excavation in distal half to accommodate ventral margin of carpus when cheliped flexed. Carpus widened distally, subtriangular, unarmed. Chela about approximately as long as carapace. Palm elongate subrectangular with broadly convex proximoventral margin, about 2 times as long as high; dorsal surface rounded, almost smooth, with row of sparse short setae; lateral and mesial surfaces smooth, with few setae; ventral surface with low, flat keel with both lateral and mesial edges weakly delimited, each edge with row of long setae extending onto fixed finger. Fixed finger terminating in slightly curved, acute tip, with row of tufts of setae on lateral surface adjacent to ventral margin; lateral surface with blunt longitudinal carina adjacent to occlusal margin; occlusal margin compressed, with row of irregular, low teeth. Dactylus 0.9 times as long as palm, terminating in gently curved, acute tip crossing tip of fixed finger; dorsal surface with 2 blunt carinae and with 2 rows of long setae arising narrow space between carinae; occlusal margin compressed, faintly denticulate. Pereopods 2–5 decreasing in length posteriorly. Pereopod 2 (Fig. 4B) non-chelate, moderately robust, each article unarmed. Articulation between ischium and merus strongly oblique. Merus with slightly concave dorsal and gently convex ventral margins. Carpus widened distally, cup-shaped. Propodus with both dorsal and ventral margins gently convex. Dactylus (Fig. 5C) about 0.6 times as long as propodus, gradually tapering distally to acute, corneous claw; dorsal margin gently convex, with row of numerous setae decreasing in length distally; lateral surface with 2 longitudinal rows of setae; ventral (flexor) margin nearly straight, bearing row of closely spaced minute spiniform setae. Dorsal and ventral margins of merus to propodus with row of long setae (ventral setae generally longer than dorsal setae). Pereopod 3 (Fig. 4C) moderately slender. Ischium, merus, and carpus unarmed, with sparse setae on margins (those on dorsal setae of merus very short). Merus with faintly sinuous dorsal and slightly convex ventral margins. Carpus and propodus combined subequal in length to merus. Carpus slightly widened distally. Propodus with both dorsal and ventral margins slightly convex, ventral margin with subdistal cluster of stiff setae, possibly forming grooming apparatus (Fig. 5D). Dactylus (Fig. 5D) slightly shorter than propodus, strongly compressed laterally, terminating in slender corneous unguis, blade-shaped with faintly sinus extensor and gently convex flexor margins; extensor margin bearing numerous spiniform setae arranged in irregular 3 rows and increasing in size distally; flexor margin with comb-like row of minute spiniform setae extending from proximal 0.3 to distal 0.4 of length, extending onto lateral surface proximally. Pereopod 4 (Fig. 4D) generally similar to pereopod 3. Propodus with ventrodistal cluster of stiff setae, but setae shorter and fewer than in pereopod 3 (Fig. 5E). Dactylus (Fig. 5E) with spiniform setae on extensor margins arranged in irregular 2 rows; flexor margin with comb-like microscopic setae not extending onto lateral surface. Pereopod 5 (Figs. 4E, 5F) slightly more slender than pereopods 3 and 4. Propodus slightly widened distally, flexor distal margin not particularly produced. Grooming apparatus consisting of field of dense short setae on distal 0.7 of flexor margin extending onto distolateral and distomesial margins and row of longer setae in similar extent of field of short setae. Dactylus (Fig. 5G, H) lanceolate, twisted, slightly recurved, terminating in slender, acuminate unguis; inner surface excavated; extensor margin unarmed; flexor margin convex, forming thin edge. Gill/exopod/setobranch formula summarized in Table 1. Pleurobranchs absent. Arthrobranchs present as following: 1 on first maxilliped, 2 each on second maxilliped through fourth pereopods, all well-developed, multilamellate; gills trichobranchiate, lamellae slender, rod-like. Epipods on maxillipeds 1 and 2 small. Epipod on maxilliped 3 as described above. Epipods on pereopods 1–3 similar in structure to that on maxilliped 3 (cf. Fig. 5A); mastigobranchs slender, also rod-like; podobranchs all multilamellate. Epipod on pereopod 4 smaller than preceding ones, consisting of 2 slender, unequal rod-like processes; no podobranch or mastigobranch. Setobranchs absent. No exopods on pereopods. Pleopod 1 short, directed mesially, consisting of 2 articles (Fig. 2D). Pleopods 2–5 (Fig. 1) similar to each other, slender, biramous, devoid of appendices internae. Uropod (Fig. 2G) with short, unarmed protopod. Exopod oval, without transverse suture; margins with row of sparse, short to long setae, terminal margin with 3 minute spiniform setae; dorsal surface with weak median ridge. Endopod also oval, subequal in length to exopod, slightly overreaching posterior margin of telson; margins with row of short to long setae, some of them plumose, without conspicuous spine or spiniform setae; dorsal surface unarmed, with shallow excavation basally. Colour in life. Body whitish, covered with brown particles derived from substrates; appendages generally white. Distribution. At present, known only from Kabira Bay, Ishigaki Island, southern Ryukyu Islands; intertidal. Remarks. The body surface of the holotype was partly covered with inorganic brownish matter apparently derived from the microhabitat sediments (Fig. 1). A similarly adherent, difficult-to-detach, brown-orange or darkbrown covering has been observed in other species of Axianassa (Anker 2010; Anker & Pachelle 2016). The present new species appears morphologically most similar to the eastern Pacific A. mineri Boone, 1935, known from Panama, Costa Rica and Mexico (Anker & Pachelle 2016). The two species share the presence of an unarmed short rostrum; distally bidentate antennal scaphocerite; and the absence of a transverse suture on the uropodal exopod. Nevertheless, A. planioculus n. sp. is easily distinguished from A. mineri by the better developed rostrum concealing the eyestalks in the dorsal view (vs. broadly rounded, with the eyestalks exposed in the dorsal view), the suboval telson (vs. subtrapezoidal), the terminal position of the cornea on the eyestalks (vs. subterminal), the possession of only one spine on the ventral margin of the maxilliped 3 ischium (vs. three spines present), the unarmed carpus of the maxilliped 3 (vs. armed with one conspicuous spine at ventrodistal angle), the unarmed ventral margin of the cheliped merus (versus armed with one small spine), the better developed teeth on the occlusal margins of the pereopod 1 fingers, the unarmed uropodal endopod (vs. armed with one dorsal and one posterior marginal spines) and the uropodal exopod bearing only a few minute spiniform setae on the posterior margin (vs. some spiniform setae and spines present on posterolateral to posterior margin) (Kensley & Heard 1990: 563: fig. 4; Anker & Pachelle 2016: fig. 1). Two other species of Axianassa are currently known from the western Pacific, viz., A. ngochoae Anker, 2010 and A. sinica Liu & Liu, 2010, none of them yet recorded in Japanese waters.As mentioned above, Axianassa heardi and A. japonica were transferred to Heteroaxianassa by Sakai (2016). Axianassa planioculus n. sp. is readily distinguished from the two congeneric species by the short, bi-spined antennal scaphocerite and the possession of two rows of spiniform setae on the extensor margins of the pereopods 3 and 4 dactyli. In A. ngochoae and A. sinica, the antennal scaphocerite is elongate and dagger-like in the shape; the pereopods 3 and 4 dactyli each has a single row of spiniform setae on the extensor margin. All these three species are found in intertidal and shallow subtidal mudsand flats down to 33 m. The new species thus represents the third western Pacific species of Axianassa, the first to be recorded from Japan. Etymology. From the combination of the Latin, planus (flat) + oculus (eye), in reference to the flattened eyestalk of the new species. Used as a noun in apposition.Published as part of Komai, Tomoyuki & Fujita, Yoshihisa, 2019, A new species of the mud shrimp genus Axianassa Schmitt, 1924 (Decapoda: Gebiidea: Laomediidae) from the Ryukyu Islands, southern Japan, pp. 452-460 in Zootaxa 4658 (3) on pages 453-459, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4658.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/337601
Rod Korns
No full textPhoto showing J. Roderic ("Rod") Korns, a historian of western trails and author of "West from Fort Bridger
Las cooperativas en las pesquerías de pequeña escala: manejo colectivo para el alcance de objetivos ecológicos, económicos y sociales.
No full textDespite being the focus of directed management for decades, marine fisheries around the world are in decline. We surveyed the literature to evaluate the efficacy of small-scale fishery cooperatives in managing common-pool fishery resources, and to identify the prevailing challenges to cooperative formation and operation, and the critical design elements for successful cooperatives. Collective management of common-pool fishery resources by users organized into cooperatives can result not only in sustainable resource use and enhanced socioeconomic benefits, but also in ecosystem conservation and stewardship. The effectiveness of fishery cooperatives depends on a variety of factors that are discussed in the paper. In addition, there must be measures for aligning the cooperative members’ interests with long-term sustainability, including the presence of secure fishing rights.
Introduction
Small-scale fishermen need to find way
Understanding migratory flow caused by helicoid wire spacers in rod bundles: An experimental and theoretical study
No full textThe core of a Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor (LMFBR) consists of cylindrical fuel rods that are wrapped by a helicoidally-wound wire spacer to enhance mixing and to prevent damage by fretting. It is known that the liquid metal close to the rod is forced to follow the wires, and that liquid metal further away from the rod crosses the wires (called: migratory flow). This work aims at gaining more insight into the physics behind migratory flow and to provide a model for its bending angle. To this purpose, the flow field in a 7-rods, wire-wrapped, hexagonal bundle with water is studied within the Reynolds number range of 4990–16330 by using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). Refraction of the light is minimized by using Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene (FEP), which is a refractive index-matching (RIM) material. These measurements confirm that liquid near the rod follows the helicoid path and bends cross-wise with respect to the wire further away from the rod. A theoretical model for the bending angle of the flow is derived from the Euler equations and shows that the bending is primarily caused by the pressure gradient field induced by the wire. The model shows a very good correspondence with the experimentally obtained PIV data. These findings improve our understanding of the physics at play in rod bundle flows with wrapped wires and can be of assistance in developing practical correlations for frictional pressure losses and heat transfer in such bundles.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.RST/Reactor Physics and Nuclear MaterialsRST/Radiation, Science and Technolog
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