818 research outputs found
Author response image 1.
No full textNeurotransmitter is released at synapses by fusion of synaptic vesicles with the plasma membrane. To sustain synaptic transmission, compensatory retrieval of membranes and vesicular proteins is essential. We combined capacitance measurements and pH-imaging via pH-sensitive vesicular protein marker (anti-synaptotagmin2-cypHer5E), and compared the retrieval kinetics of membranes and vesicular proteins at the calyx of Held synapse. Membrane and Syt2 were retrieved with a similar time course when slow endocytosis was elicited. When fast endocytosis was elicited, Syt2 was still retrieved together with the membrane, but endocytosed organelle re-acidification was slowed down, which provides strong evidence for two distinct endocytotic pathways. Strikingly, CaM inhibitors or the inhibition of the Ca2+-calmodulin-Munc13-1 signaling pathway only impaired the uptake of Syt2 while leaving membrane retrieval intact, indicating different recycling mechanisms for membranes and vesicle proteins. Our data identify a novel mechanism of stimulus-and Ca2+-dependent regulation of coordinated endocytosis of synaptic membranes and vesicle proteins
N=2 supersymmetric dynamics for pedestrians
No full textUnderstanding the dynamics of gauge theories is crucial, given the fact that all known interactions are based on the principle of local gauge symmetry. Beyond the perturbative regime, however, this is a notoriously difficult problem. Requiring invariance under supersymmetry turns out to be a suitable tool for analyzing supersymmetric gauge theories over a larger region of the space of parameters. Supersymmetric quantum field theories in four dimensions with extended N=2 supersymmetry are further constrained and have therefore been a fertile field of research in theoretical physics for quite some time. Moreover, there are far-reaching mathematical ramifications that have led to a successful dialogue with differential and algebraic geometry. These lecture notes aim to introduce students of modern theoretical physics to the fascinating developments in the understanding of N=2 supersymmetric gauge theories in a coherent fashion. Starting with a gentle introduction to electric-magnetic duality, the author guides readers through the key milestones in the field, which include the work of Seiberg and Witten, Nekrasov, Gaiotto and many others. As an advanced graduate level text, it assumes that readers have a working knowledge of supersymmetry including the formalism of superfields, as well as of quantum field theory techniques such as regularization, renormalization and anomalies. After his graduation from the University of Tokyo, Yuji Tachikawa worked at the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton and the Kavli Institute for Physics and Mathematics of the Universe. Presently at the Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tachikawa is the author of several important papers in supersymmetric quantum field theories and string theory
Visual acuity loss associated with excessive “dry macula” in exudative age-related macular degeneration
No full textHidenori Takahashi,1–3 Yuji Inoue,1,2 Xue Tan,2,3 Satoru Inoda,1 Shinichi Sakamoto,1 Yusuke Arai,1 Yasuo Yanagi,4–6 Yujiro Fujino,2,3 Hidetoshi Kawashima1 1Department of Ophthalmology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, 2Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, 3Department of Ophthalmology, Japan Community Health Care Organization Tokyo Shinjuku Medical Center, Shinjuku, Japan; 4Medical Retina, Singapore National Eye Centre, 5Medical Retina, Singapore Eye Research Institute, 6Eye-ACP, Duke NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore Purpose: To investigate the correlation between visual acuity and central macular thickness (CMT) and choroidal thickness (CCT) in patients with wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods: In this retrospective analysis, 14 eyes that received >10 ranibizumab injections (based on pro re nata [PRN] regimen) and maintained initial visual acuity gain were analyzed. The following 5 parameters were measured at the foveal center: CMT (distance from the inner limiting membrane [ILM] to Bruch’s membrane); central retinal thickness (CRT; distance from the ILM to the inner limit of the retinal pigment epithelium or subretinal fluid [SRF]); SRF thickness (SRFT); pigment epithelium detachment thickness (PEDT); and CCT. The correlation between the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and the 5 parameters was examined with generalized estimating equations. Results: CMT, CRT, and CCT were negatively correlated with logMAR BCVA (P=0.031, 0.023, and 0.036, respectively) when only CMT values less than the thickness that maximized visual acuity for each eye were used for the analysis. Each 100-µm reduction in CMT, CRT, or CCT improved logMAR BCVA by -0.1, -0.08, or -0.07, respectively. SRFT and PEDT were not correlated with BCVA. The median CMT that maximized the visual acuity was 230 µm. Conclusion: Dry macula with CMT <230 µm was associated with temporary decrease in visual acuity in AMD patients whose visual acuity was maintained with PRN regimen. Keywords: age-related macular degeneration, intravitreal injections, ranibizumab, visual acuity, dry macul
Seven connection patterns between the author research areas.
No full textSeven connection patterns between the author research areas.</p
Neglected-Field Eye Patching Improves Visual Inattention in Hemispatial Neglect: A Case Study
No full textEffects of phytic acid sorption on iron polymerization and at the ferrihydrite-water interface
No full textPhytic acid is the most predominant organic phosphorus species in soils. Its stability in soils is mainly due to its high affinity for soil colloids, especially Fe (oxyhydr)oxides. They have been acknowledged as mobile/reactive adsorbents for P in soil-water environments. Although several sorption mechanisms were proposed, it is not clear how multi phosphate groups of phytic acid contribute to the surface complexation and/or precipitation processes. In this study, sorption behavior of phytic acid in ferrihydrite was examined using experimental geochemistry, solution 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated inner-sphere surface complexation via P1,3 and P2 functional groups under both pH 5 and 8.5. Under alkaline pH, an additional P5 functional group became active. Coprecipitation experiments showed evidence of the formation of Fe(III)-phytate-like bulk precipitates when the initial phytic acid/Fe(III) molar ratio was high (0.45-0.5). At the low phytic acid/Fe(III) (<0.1), the formation of ferrihydrite was unaffected, but further transformation was still inhibited. The study suggests a new role of phytic acid in the formation of Fe oxyhydroxide minerals.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2021-05-01The student, Ai Chen, accepted the attached license on 2019-03-22 at 09:27.The student, Ai Chen, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2019-03-22 at 09:39.This Thesis was approved for publication on 2019-03-25 at 10:06.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #13441 on 2019-08-22 at 16:20:26Made available in DSpace on 2019-08-23T20:44:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 2019-03-25Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 112265
Lift date: 2021-08-23T20:44:50Z
Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemEmbargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 112265
Lift date: 2021-08-23T20:46:41Z
Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemEmbargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 112265
Lift date: 2021-08-23T20:47:38Z
Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemEmbargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 112265
Lift date: 2021-08-23T20:48:32Z
Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemLimited Restriction Lifted for Item 112265 on 2021-08-24T09:15:10Z
OBSERVATION OF THE BULB TYPE TILTMETER IN THE LANDSLIDES
No full textIn this paper, the author had studied thr relationship between variation of tiltineter andlandslide movement observing bulb type tiltmeters~ in the creep type landslides. From the resultsof them, the variation of tiltmeter in landslide is related with the landslide movement of creep type.When we make judge the landslide movement from variation of inclination on the soil surface, it is usefull to confer the standard curves that was maked by observational facts.The critical inclination for soil movement, is assumed about 4"/day as N-S and E-W com-ponent respectivelly.In this paper, the author had studied thr relationship between variation of tiltineter andlandslide movement observing bulb type tiltmeters~ in the creep type landslides. From the resultsof them, the variation of tiltmeter in landslide is related with the landslide movement of creep type.When we make judge the landslide movement from variation of inclination on the soil surface,it is usefull to confer the standard curves that was maked by observational facts.The critical inclination for soil movement, is assumed about 4"/day as N-S and E-W com-ponent respectivelly
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