1,721,002 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Effect of hydrocortisone on human natural killer activity and its modulation by beta interferon
No full textIt is well known that glucocorticoids depress the natural killer (NK) activity of human peripheral blood lymphocytes when used both in vivo and in vitro. Since interferons enhance natural cytotoxicity, potential interaction between beta-interferon and hydrocortisone hemisuccinate has been investigated using mononuclear cells of peripheral blood obtained from 17 healthy donors. At the end of in vitro treatment mononuclear cells were tested for NK activity against K562 cells in a 4 h 51Cr-release assay. The results suggest that beta-interferon at the optimal treatment schedule (i.e. before and after exposure to hydrocortisone) is capable of abrogating the hydrocortisone-mediated impairment of NK function. These findings provide valuable suggestions for optimal treatment schedules with beta-interferon (i.e. beta-interferon treatment before and after exposure of effector cells to hydrocortisone) for overriding the suppressive effects of glucocorticoid therapy on natural immunity
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
A miniaturized cell-mediated cytotoxicity assay with human effector mononuclear cells
No full textA miniaturized method (Microtest, MIT) for detecting natural killer (NK) and antigen-elicited cell-mediated cytotoxicity has been developed. It retains the sensitivity and the efficiency of conventional macroassay (Macrotest, MAT). In comparison with the standard MAT, MIT provides a 5-fold reduction in the number of effector and target cells without changing the final reaction volume. This avoids the excessive relative evaporation that could occur in microassays employing limited reaction volumes. Moreover the use of V-bottom microtiter plates allows the recovery of 0.15 ml of supernatant, thus increasing the efficiency of 51Cr recovery. MIT was adopted for the evaluation of the NK activity of untreated or interferon (IFN)-treated human mononuclear cells (MNC) and for cold-inhibition and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) assays. In the experiments performed with both macro and micro assays, comparable values of the percentage of specific lysis and of the number of lytic units were found. The slopes of the curves obtained with MIT are generally slightly lower than those detectable with MAT. The Pearson coefficient r2 is generally better for the macroassay although it can be considered acceptable in the microassay. The MIT described here appears to be a useful method, especially for providing information on natural resistance and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte systems in a number of pathological conditions characterized by a small recovery of effector cells from standard blood collection for analytical purposes
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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