15,962 research outputs found
Sphaeronemoura campylura Qian & Fu & Jiao & Du 2019, sp. nov.
No full textSphaeronemoura campylura Qian & Du sp. nov. (Figs. 13–26) Adult habitus. A large sized species, macropterous. Head black, antennae black, palpi ash black. Pronotum trapezoid, dark brown, wider than long, rugosities scattered. Leg black. Wings ash black, venation black (Figs. 13– 14). Male. Tergite 8 with dark brown rectangle-shaped lobe postmedially and extends to tergite 9 (Fig. 15). Tergite 9 medially membranous and sclerotized laterally, covered with setose (Figs. 15, 19). Hypoproct of sternite 9 small and rounded, apical projection tapering with slightly upcurved, blunt tip; vesicle elliptical and medially membranous (Figs. 16, 17). Tergite 10 medially membranous and sclerotized laterally, both sides of the posterior of medial membranous area with an obvious bluntly protuberant (Figs. 15, 18, 22), Paraproct inner lobe strongly sclerotized, apex pointed, almost adhered to the median lobe; median lobe also strongly sclerotized and apex pointed, but longer than the inner lobe; the outer lobe membranous (Figs. 16, 17, 21). Epiproct curled upward lightly, short finger-shaped in lateral view, apex indented medially (Figs. 18, 19). Dorsal sclerite more sclerotized laterally (Figs. 17, 18, 25); Middle of ventral sclerite with two sclerotized stripes (Figs. 17, 25); flagellum longer, upward and the apex pointed in dorsal view (Figs. 15, 25), strongly bent downwards at the base, apex curved downwards in lateral view (Figs. 18, 19). Cercus with dense setae, curved upward, terminal slightly trifurcate (Figs. 15, 19, 23, 24). Female. Sides of anterior of sternum 7 with a sclerotized irregular spot, pregenital plate nearly elliptical and dark brown, covering most of sternite 7, overhanging the sternum 8 and indent semicircle in the middle of the posterior. Subgenital plate yellowish, a triangle-shaped sclerotized spot in the middle and a circular spot on both sides, the vaginal lobes under each of the circular spot that is an approximates teardrop-shaped sclerites. Sternite 9 dark brown, with a narrow trapezoid membranous indentation on the middle of the anterior margin. Type material. Holotype male, CHINA: Yunnan Province, Zhaotong City, Yongshan County, Xisha Township, 28°18’17” N, 103°59’1” E, 805m, 22 Feb. 2017, Leg. Yu-Han Qian, Qin Huang, Jia Lin (ICSFU). Paratypes: 1 female, same data as holotype (ICSFU), 1 male, CHINA: Yunnan Province, Zhaotong City, Yiliang County, Xiaocaoba Reserve, 27°19’41” N, 104°17’9” E, 1661m, 26 Feb. 2017, Leg. Yu-Han Qian, Qin Huang, Jia Lin (ICSFU). Etymology. The Latin name “ campylura ” means curving cercus referring to the distinctly shape of cercus. Remarks. The new species is closely related to S. songshanna Li & Yang, 2009 from Beijing, but the male of S. campylura is distinguished by the apex of the medial lobe acute and longer than inner lobe of the paraproct, outer paraproctal lobe membranous, and the terminal of cercus slightly trifurcate. The male appears also related to S. grandicauda (Wu, 1973) known from Sichuan Province also of southwestern China, but the new species was a rectangle-shaped lobe on the tergite 8. The female shares some similarities with S. songshana, S. formosana Shimizu & Sivec, 2001, S. plutonis and S. separata, but the female of S. campylura can be distinguished by the much longer subgenital plate of sternum 8 and the semicircle posterior medial concavity of sternum 7 overlapping sternum 8.Published as part of Qian, Yu-Han, Fu, Li, Jiao, Jun-Ying & Du, Yu-Zhou, 2019, Two new species of Sphaeronemoura (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) from Yunnan Province of China, pp. 194-200 in Zootaxa 4568 (1) on pages 196-199, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4568.1.13, http://zenodo.org/record/259920
Fu wen tang hui yüan qian zi wen /
No full textCover title.; Special collection from London Missionary Society.; On double leaves, oriental style, in case.; Also available in an electronic version via the Internet at http://nla.gov.au/nla.gen-vn386433.880-04 Qian zi wen.Thousand character classi
Sphaeronemoura kunmingensis Qian & Fu & Jiao & Du 2019, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Sphaeronemoura kunmingensis</i> Qian & Du sp. nov. <p>(Figs. 1–12)</p> <p> <b>Adult habitus.</b> A large sized species, macropterous. Head dark brown, antennae and palpi dark brown. Pronotum trapezoid, slightly paler, wider than long, rugosities scattered. Leg dark brown, except femora and tibiae with wide yellowish bands. Wings dark brown, venation dark brown (Figs. 1–2).</p> <p> <b>Male.</b> Tergite 8 with dark brown median lobe overhanging the tergite 9 and bilobed in posterior (Figs. 3, 5, 6). Tergite 9 sclerotized laterally, medial membranous field that partly covered with some hair (Figs. 3, 6). Hypoproct of sternite 9 small and rounded, apical projection tapering and upcurved, blunt tip; vesicle elliptical and medial field membranous (Fig. 4). Tergite 10 with strong hair, medial of this segment has a T-shaped membranous field (Figs. 3, 6, 7), beneath the apex of epiproct with a concave area and both sides of the concave area with two blunt protuberances (Figs. 7, 10) Paraproct inner lobe strong sclerotized, apex bifurcate and pointed; median lobe fingerlike and also strong sclerotized, apex blunt, longer than the inner lobe; the outer lobe sclerotized, forming a slender sclerite strip curved from cercal base to median lobe, one end of the sclerite pointed, the other end membranous and expanded (Figs. 4, 11). Epiproct curled upward, apex expanded into two hemispherical in lateral view and with tiny spines (Figs. 6, 7, 8, 10); nearly trapezoidal with apex constricted in dorsal view, apex indented medially (Figs. 3, 5, 12). Dorsal sclerite more sclerotized laterally (Figs. 3, 5, 12); ventral sclerite with three tiny spines (Fig. 10); flagellum short, upward and tip pointed in lateral view, base of flagellum dark brown (Figs. 6, 10, 12). Cercus long and with dense hair, conical and end blunt, slightly curved inward (Figs. 3, 5, 6).</p> <p> <b>Female.</b> Pregenital plate on sternum 7, nearly trapezoid and dark brown, covering most of sternite 7, posteriorly with two short triangular lobes, dark brown, overhanging the anterior margin of sternum 8. Subgenital plate light brown, small, rectangular and all angles rounded; the sclerotized portions of the vaginal lobes with two brown fang-shaped sclerites protruding between the lateral of the subgenital plate. Sternite 9 dark brown, with a little membranous indentation on the middle of the anterior margin.</p> <p> <b>Type material.</b> Holotype male, CHINA: Yunnan Province, Kunming City, Jindian, Huanglongqing, 25°5’42” N, 102°49’19” E, 2100 m, 18 Nov. 2017, Leg. Yu-Han Qian, Qian Xiao, Ming-Xue Xie (ICSFU). Paratypes: 4 males and 5 females, same data as holotype (ICSFU).</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The Latin name “ <i>kunmingensis</i> ” refers to the first nemourid stoneflies collected from the vicinity of Kunming, the capital and largest city of Yunnan Province.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> The new species appears to be related to five other Chinese species and a Thai species. They are <i>S. asymmetria</i> Li, Yang & Yang, 2016 from Guizhou Province, <i>S. separata</i> Li, Murányi & Yang, 2014 from Henan Province, <i>S. plutonis</i> (Banks, 1937) and <i>S. formosana</i> Shimizu & Sivec, 2001 from Taiwan, <i>S. songshana</i> Li & Yang, 2009 from Beijing, and <i>S. inthanonica</i> Shimizu & Sivec, 2001 from Thailand, sharing an approximate protruding lobe of tergite 8. However, the distinct inner lobe and median lobe of paraprocts readily distinguishes <i>S. kunmingensis</i> from <i>S. asymmetria</i>, <i>S. separata</i> and <i>S. plutonis</i>, the protruding lobe of tergite 8 often slightly expanded posteriorly in <i>S. formosana</i> and <i>S. songshana</i> has a rectangle-shaped protruding lobe, protruding lobe of the new species differs from them. In addition, the obviously different flagellum of the epiproct of <i>S. kunmingensis</i> is diagnostic for <i>S. inthanonica</i> and for the above-mentioned five Chinese species. The females of <i>S. kunmingensis</i> has a similar pregenital plate as <i>S. separata, S. plutonis, S. formosana, S. songshana</i>, and <i>S. inthanonica</i>, but the subgenital plate of the new species is smaller and more rectangular and the sclerotized portions of the vaginal lobes with two brown fang-shaped sclerites protruding laterally.</p>Published as part of <i>Qian, Yu-Han, Fu, Li, Jiao, Jun-Ying & Du, Yu-Zhou, 2019, Two new species of Sphaeronemoura (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) from Yunnan Province of China, pp. 194-200 in Zootaxa 4568 (1)</i> on pages 194-195, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4568.1.13, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/2599200">http://zenodo.org/record/2599200</a>
Research on“Feng-Fu-Qian”in Han Dynasty
No full text 於1930年代出土居延漢簡第53.19簡載：「元始五年九月吏奉賦錢不到訖二年」與第28.16簡載：「元始五年九月吏奉賦錢事」，依據簡文內容可透析為漢廷對於民眾所收斂之「賦錢」以及用於發放吏奉的「奉錢」。此二詞與「奉賦錢」於當前史學界討論深入者甚少，同時彼此間存有相關性與研究價值，若藉此深入探討研究，配合傳統史籍《史記》、《漢書》等材料，搜尋當中牽涉「奉賦錢」問題之相關記錄，進一步可探究國家財政體系運作，並且知悉邊地吏奉發放等未知領域，幫助漢代財政史空白之處做填補工作。
漢代財政管理體系分作國家財政與帝室財政二類，作為國家財政體系內貨幣收支流動以「賦錢」系統作為代表。中央政府與地方政府對於「賦錢」如何征收與運用，或者保存至支出等問題，則本文依照居延漢簡、尹灣漢簡、鳳凰山漢簡等資料作討論，還原從「賦錢」轉為吏奉所用「奉錢」的過程，等同於所謂「奉賦錢」。此外，傳統史籍所見「賦錢」、「奉錢」與地方官府財政收支簿籍所記的「賦錢」、「奉錢」其意涵有所異同，這些現象同樣從居延漢簡詳盡可見。因此，綜觀「奉賦錢」此研究議題所衍生諸多層面，冀望本文藉由史料的堆疊與梳理後，能夠做出一定程度上之解疑。 The Juyan Bamboo Slips of Han Dynasty that was excavated in the 1930s,and which recorded this “Feng-Fu-Qian” terminology words in archaeological datas, for example ,No.53.19 and No.28.16 slips that documented the issue. “Feng-Fu-Qian” can be interpreted as two aspects, one is that from the people for the government tax levied on currency,and the other is that salaries of government officials. Therefore,t -hey are referred to as“Fu-Qian”and“Feng- Qian”. Currently, in the historical academia of Chinese Han Dynasty that to discuss these issues rarely. However, the history of academic significance worthy of further study. If the use of traditional historical documents, such as Shiji or Hanshu.Then, in a search for “Feng-Fu-Qian” relevant historical materials. Further to that national fiscal system how it works, and knows how to deliver the frontier officials salaries.
Han Dynasty''s financial management system divided into two types of State Government Finance and Royal Finance. The “Feng- Qian” system as the national financial system, monetary liquidity within the representative. The central government and local governments how to levy “Feng- Qian” and used in countries with the financial problems, this paper will make reference to Juyan Bamboo Slips and The Bamboo Slips in the Han Dynastic Tomb at Yingwan,etc. Restore from “Feng- Qian” into the official salary that the word be called “Feng-Fu-Qian” in the middle of the process.Finally, I hope to be able to contribute to the historical academic of Chinese Han Dynasty第一章、緒論…………………………………………………………………………1
第二章、「奉賦錢」釋義………………………………………………………………8
第一節、居延漢簡所見之「奉賦錢」解………………………………………8
第二節、賦錢釋義………………………………………………………………15
第三節、奉錢、奉賦錢之意義…………………………………………………22
第三章、賦錢之征收與其流程………………………………………………………27
第一節、賦錢來源來源稅目及制度內容………………………………………27
（一）算賦…………………………………………………………………27
（二）口賦錢………………………………………………………………38
（三）更賦…………………………………………………………………40
（四）戶賦…………………………………………………………………43
（五）貲算、算缗錢………………………………………………………45
（六）獻費及其他雜費……………………………………………………48
第二節、征收行政業務流程……………………………………………………51
（一）行政人員……………………………………………………………51
（二）作業流程……………………………………………………………56
第三節、減免賦錢之行政作為…………………………………………………64
第四章、賦錢轉輸及運用……………………………………………………………68
第一節、賦錢調輸過程…………………………………………………………68
第二節、賦錢之保護設施………………………………………………………77
（一）存放地點……………………………………………………………77
（二）管理官職……………………………………………………………82
第三節、賦錢之運用……………………………………………………………84
第五章、奉賦錢之來源與發放………………………………………………………88
第一節、有關奉賦錢之名籍……………………………………………………88
第二節、奉賦錢之來源…………………………………………………………97
第三節、奉賦錢之發放………………………………………………………105
第六章、結論………………………………………………………………………111
參考暨徵引書目……………………………………………………………………11
How environmental conditions impact mosquito ecology and Japanese encephalitis: An eco-epidemiological approach
No full textAbstract not availableHuai-Yu Tian, Peng Bi, Bernard Cazelles, Sen Zhou, Shan-Qian Huang, Jing Yang, Yao Pei, Xiao-Xu Wu, Shi-Hong Fu, Shi-Lu Tong, Huan-Yu Wang, Bing X
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