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Wen xue yu dian ying.
No full text羅姆(Romm Moses)等著 ; 富瀾等譯 ; 中央電影局藝術委員會編輯.本電子書乃根據《香港版權條例(第528章)》而複製, 並只可在大學圖書館系統內的獨立電子書系統上使用.Luomu (Romm Moses) deng zhu ; Fu Lan deng yi ; Zhong yang dian ying ju yi shu wei yuan hui bian ji.Ben dian zi shu nai gen ju "Xianggang ban quan tiao li (Di 528 zhang)" er fu zhi, bing zhi ke zai da xue tu shu guan xi tong nei de du li dian zi shu xi tong shang shi yong
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Effects of Antioxidant and Metal Chelator onhe Fungal Decay Resistance of Wood
No full text本論文旨在探討低毒性之抗氧化劑及金屬螯合劑對木材耐腐朽性之影響。首先以瓊脂平板試驗法及液態試驗法篩選商業用抗氧化劑及金屬螯合劑等之抑菌活性，結果顯示除了沒食子酸辛酯（Octyl gallate）可以抑制多種木材腐朽菌外，大多數藥劑並不具抑菌活性。沒食子酸辛酯之抑菌活性主要來自其適當比例的疏水端與親水端之結構，與其良好的自由基捕捉能力無關。透過DNA及RNA電泳分析及抑制扣除雜合技術（Suppression substraction hybridization, SSH）之應用，推測沒食子酸辛酯因干擾真菌細胞膜，影響細胞膜上諸多蛋白質之功能及流動性，致使DNA及RNA結構破壞。此外，與真菌生理基本機能有關之反應如細胞膜上離子的結合與傳輸、糖類代謝、能量產生與細胞內訊息傳遞等及對抗外界壓力或解毒等之自救能力，皆因添加沒食子酸辛酯受到抑制。續分別以土壤木塊試驗（ASTM D1413-07）及土床試驗（AWPA E14-07）評估不同配比之抗氧化劑及金屬螯合劑處理材於單純菌種及與土壤接觸動態變化菌種環境下之耐腐朽性能。由土壤木塊試驗結果顯示，木材單獨含浸5%之沒食子酸丙酯（Propyl gallate）、沒食子酸辛酯或金屬螯合劑EDTA（Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid）等皆獲得良好且長效之耐腐朽效果，顯示藉由添加不具殺菌活性之抗氧化劑或金屬螯合劑，降低木材內自由基及金屬之含量，進而阻礙真菌對木材的非酵素降解機制而達保護木材的效果是可行的。其中，沒食子酸辛酯與鐵布可唑（Tebuconazole）或肉桂醛（Cinnamaldehyde）混用，更產生促進效應，此意謂在應用上藉由添加沒食子酸辛酯可以降低鐵布可唑或肉桂醛等殺菌劑的使用量。此外，由土床試驗結果顯示，抗氧化劑如沒食子酸丙酯、沒食子酸辛酯、沒食子酸十六酯（Hexadecyl gallate）、BHT（Butylated hydroxytoluene）及抗壞血酸（Ascrobic acid）等仍具一定保護木材的效果，唯效果不如土壤木塊試驗，推測係處理材在複雜微生物之土床環境可能遭遇到自由基以外的降解模式所致；而金屬螯合劑EDTA處理材在與土壤接觸的過程，則因藥劑大量流失而失去保護木材的效果。統木材保存藥劑往往以毒殺方式保護木材，但同時其毒性對其他生物及環境亦造成相當之危害與負擔。本研究證實藉由阻斷腐朽菌降解木材所涉及之氧化路徑，選擇以非毒殺機制之低毒性化學藥劑應用在木材保存藥劑之研發是可行的，此外抗氧化劑或金屬螯合劑尚具有安全且低成本等優點，因此極有潛力作為室內或不與土壤接觸之環保型木材保存藥劑或添加劑。The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of antioxidant and metal chelator on the fungal decay resistance of wood. Antifungal activity was screened by agar plate test and broth test. Octyl gallate was found to possess wide antifungal spectrum, while most of antioxidants and metal chelator showed weak or no antifungal activity. Antifungal activity of octyl gallate was related to its hydrophobic/hydrophilic structure but not from its high free radical scavenging activity. Results from DNA and RNA electrophoresis and suppression substraction hybridization suggested that octyl gallate interfered with the surfaces of the membrane of fungal cell leading to the disorder of protein, degradation of DNA and RNA. Besides, gene related to fungal basic physiology such as ion channel activity on membrane, carbohydrate metabolic process, energy production, signal transduction, response to stress, and detoxification were all inhibited.ungal decay resistance of the treated wood was evaluated according to soil block test (ASTM D1413-07) and soil bed test (AWPA E14-07). Results from pure cultured soil block test revealed that deterioration of wood caused by decay fungi (Gloeophyllum trabeum and Trametes versicolor) could be effectively reduced by impregnation of propyl gallate, octyl gallate, and EDTA, indicating that non-fungacidal antioxidants and metal chelator endowed wood with good resistance against wood rot fungi by reducing the amount of free radicals and metal in wood. Besides, octyl gallate also showed enhanced efficacy when it co-added with fungicides like tebuconazole. Results from soil bed test revealed that wood treated with antioxidants such as propyl gallate, octyl gallate, hexadecyl gallate, butylated hydroxytoluene, and ascrobic acid could alleviate fungal attack to some extent even most of them have no antifungal activity. EDTA showed no protective effect in siol bed test which may be ascribed to its high leachability. major problem of traditional wood preservatives is that they pose a serious threat to the environment. According to the above results, this study verified that in addition to fungicidal activity of traditional wood preservatives, non-biocidal properties like free radical scavenging activity or metal chelating activity might provide protection for wood by blocking one of the pathways of fungal attack. In addition, antioxidant and metal chelator possess the advantages like safety and low-cost, they could be a feasible alternative or additives to develop environmentally-benign wood preservatives for sheltered or non-ground-contact purposes.目錄 I目錄 III目錄 V要 VIIbstract IX一章 序言 1二章 文獻回顧 3一節 木材腐朽及保存 3、木材劣化 3、改善木材耐腐朽性之方法 3、木材保存藥劑之種類 7、木材保存藥劑之發展趨勢 10二節 木材之天然耐腐朽性 12、天然耐腐朽定義及試驗法 12、影響木材天然耐腐朽性因子 18三節 木材腐朽菌的種類及降解模式 23、木材腐朽菌種類 23、木材腐朽菌對木材之酵素降解系統 26、木材腐朽菌對木材之非酵素降解系統 28四節 木材保存藥劑之篩選與評估方法 30、抗真菌活性試驗方法 30、木材保存藥劑效能評估法 31、藥劑作用機制之探討 34三章 材料與方法 35一節 試驗材料 35、樹種 35、菌株 35、培養基 35、化學試藥 36二節 試驗方法 36、藥劑基本性質試驗 36、藥劑抑菌活性試驗 37、以基因表現探討抑菌機制 38、木材保存藥劑之效能評估 41四章 結果與討論 45一節 藥劑之基本性質 45、DPPH自由基捕捉能力 45、金屬螯合能力 46二節 藥劑之抑菌活性 47、單獨藥劑之抑菌活性 47、烷基鏈長對抑菌活性的影響 48、藥劑抑菌之廣效性 54、混合藥劑之抑菌效果 55三節 藥劑之抑菌機制 56、Genomic DNA電泳分析 56、RNA電泳分析 57、抑制扣除雜合分析 58四節 藥劑之木材保存效能 67、土壤木塊試驗 67、土床試驗 75五章 結論 81六章 參考文獻 8
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