1,721,058 research outputs found
A Study of the Expansion of the Fu-Bing 府兵 Military System and the Soldiers Involved in This in Tang-Dynasty Xi-Zhou 西州 Province
No full textFollowing its destruction of the Qu state of Gaochang 麹氏高昌國 in Zhenguan 貞観 14 (640), the Tang transformed this area into Xi-Zhou province and established it as an important point in the control of the Western Territories and the Silk Road. Following the conquest, the Tang established four Zhechong-fu 折衝府 (district military headquarters) within the new province and implemented the conscription of the local populace to serve as soldiers in the fu-bing system. This paper is an analysis of the actual workings of the fu-bing system and the true status of the soldiers in it via an examination of records found in Turfan. It also highlights specific aspects of the working of the Tang fu-bing system, with particular attention paid to the actual circumstances of the soldiers involved in this system. Among the several points confirmed in this paper are, first, that the four Zhechong-fu were established early in the period of Tang control and that the total soldiers involved in it numbered some three thousand. Second, these soldiers were referred to , as Weishi 衛士 (imperial guards), but they actually served five one-month-long tours of duty in the lookout posts and signal towers within the province rather than in the capital. Third, it may thus be surmised that the duties of these soldiers were less onerous than those of peasant farmers, and that their social status was, moreover, higher than the latter. Recognition of this principle of the separation of soldier and peasant--the soldier and the peasant-farmer did not occupy the same role--makes it possible to redefine the fundamental character of the Tang fu-bing system from this vantage point
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
A Re-Examination of the Fu-Bing System 府兵制 in the Tang Period : A Historical and Geographical Analysis of Zhe-Chong-Fu
Get PDFThe zhe-chong-fu 折衝府, which supported the Tang fu-bing system, numbered more than six hundred and were scattered throughout the country. They were, however, concentrated at specially fixed sites. If we examine the individual zhe-chong-fu in their historical and geographical detail, we find that many of them were established at fortresses built at strategic points during the period of warfare from the division of the Bei-Wei 北魏 to the founding of the Tang empire. We also find that the function of the zhe-chong-fu was not only concerned with the draft, drill and rotating capital guard, but in addition they served as military bases from which to carry out the daily rule of law
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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