472 research outputs found
Neutrosophic combinatorics and its applications
No full textBased on the combined method in Chinese ancient I-Ching and theory of Taiji,
this paper presents the Neutrosophic combinatorics by means of the combinations of the truth, the falsehood, and the indeterminacy in Smarandache’s Neutrosophy. For the Neutrosophic combinatorics we can say that “Changes originate in the Taiji; from the Taiji come the 3 spheres
A Revision to Godel’s Incompleteness Theorem by Neutrosophy
No full textAccording to Smarandache’s neutrosophy, the G¨odel’s incompleteness theorem
contains the truth, the falsehood, and the indeterminacy of a statement under consideration. It is shown in this paper that the proof of G¨odel’s incompleteness theorem is faulty, because all possible situations are not considered (such as the situation where from some axioms wrong results can be deducted, for example, from the axiom of choice the paradox of the doubling ball theorem can be deducted; and many kinds of indeterminate situations, for example, a proposition can be proved in 9999 cases, and only in 1 case it can be neither proved, nor disproved)
INTRODUCTION TO NEUTROSOPHIC MEASURE, NEUTROSOPHIC INTEGRAL, AND NEUTROSOPHIC PROBABILITY
No full textNeutrosophic Science means development and applications of neutrosophic
logic/set/measure/integral/probability etc. and their applications in any field
Iridium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation for synthesis of chiral cyclic amines
No full textChiral cyclic amines play extremely important roles in pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries. The asymmetric reduction of pyridine compounds remains a long-standing challenge.With the addition of an easy-removal protecting group, benzyl, on the nitrogen, the pyridine ring was dearomatized. This strategy proved to help achieve direct reduction on pyridines under mild conditions to access cyclic peperidines. A neutral iridium MP2-SegPhos catalytic system was developed to hydrogenate various N-benzyl-2-arylpyridines with high enantioselectivities.Reduction of di-substituted pyridines and isoquinoline substrates were also fulfilled with good to excellent enantioselectivity. Mechanism studies have remained unclear despite the significant progress made in the reduction methodologies. The three double bonds (both C=C and C=N bonds) present in the pyridine ring adds additional complexities. Based on the NMR studies and isotopic experimental evidences an outer-sphere mechanism was proposed involving two tautormerizations and proton-hydride delivery. Crucial tetrahydropyridine complex and other key intermediates were identified and characterized.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical referencesby Yuhua Huan
Superluminal and Instantaneous Physics
No full textThis book is a selection from the papers of the First International Conference on Superluminal Physics as New Fields of Research held at the University of New Mexico, Gallup Campus, USA, in July 2012. The editor have selected seven papers proposed by the following authors and co co-authors Kaizhe Guo Guo, Chongwu Guo Guo, Chen Jianguojianguo, Dong Jingfeng Jingfeng, Mi Haijiang Haijiang, Changwei Hu Hu, Yang Shijiashijia, Guli, and Fu Yuhua Yuhua
SMARANDACHE MULTI-SPACE THEORY, Second Edition
No full textWe are used to the idea that our space has three dimensions: length, breadth and height with time providing the fourth dimension of spacetime by Einstein. In the string or superstring theories, we encounter 10 dimensions. However, we do not even know what the right degree of freedom is, as Witten said. Today, we have known two heartening notions for sciences. One is the Smarandache multi-space came into being by purely logic. Another is the mathematical combinatorics motivated by a combinatorial speculation, i.e., a mathematical science can be reconstructed from or made by combinatorialization. Both of them contribute sciences for consistency of research with that human progress in 21st century
Point Equation, Line Equation, Plane Equation etc and Point Solution, Line Solution, Plane Solution etc —Expanding Concepts of Equation and Solution with Neutrosophy and Quad-stage Method
No full textThe concepts of equations and solutions are constantly developed and expanded. With Neutrosophy and Quad-stage method, this paper attempts to expand the concepts of equations and solutions in the way of referring to the concepts of domain of function, the geometry elements included in domain of function, and the like; and discusses point equation, line equation, plane equation, solid equation, sub-domain equation, whole-domain
equation, and the like; as well as point solution, line solution, plane solution, solid solution, sub-domain solution, whole-domain solution, and the like. Where: the point solutions may be the solutions of point equation, line equation, plane equation, and the like; similarly, the line solutions may be the solutions of point equation, line equation, plane equation, and the like; and so on. This paper focuses on discussing the single point method to determine "point solution"
AUTOMORPHISM GROUPS OF MAPS, SURFACES AND SMARANDACHE GEOMETRIES
No full textAutomorphism groups survey similarities on mathematical systems, which appear nearly in all mathematical branches, such as those of algebra, combinatorics, geometry, · · · and theoretical physics, theoretical chemistry, etc.. In geometry, configurations with high symmetry born symmetrical patterns, a kind of beautiful pictures in aesthetics. Naturally, automorphism groups enable one to distinguish systems by similarity. More automorphisms simply more symmetries of that system. This fact has established the fundamental role of automorphism groups in modern sciences. So it is important for graduate students knowing automorphism groups with applications
Negating Four Color Theorem with Neutrosophy and Quadstage Method
No full textWith the help of Neutrosophy and Quad-stage Method, the proof for negation of “the four color theorem”
is given. In which the key issue is to consider the color of the boundary, thus “the two color theorem” and
“the five color theorem” are derived to replace "the four color theorem"
Pauli Exclusion Principle and the Law of Included Multiple-Middle
No full textIt has been found that bosons are not subject to the Pauli Exclusion Principle. This paper argues that in some cases the exclusion principle is also invalid for fermions. According to the Law of Included MultipleMiddle and the like, the 4 neutralities between Pauli Exclusion Principle's validity and invalidity are as follows: first, according to Neutrosophy, any proposition has three situations of truth, falsehood and indeterminacy respectively; second, some scholars have pointed out that the exclusion principle may be broken in highenergy state; third, due to the existance of man created law (man-made law), the broken exclusion principle and the man-made (instantaneous) magnetic monopole can be artificially created; fourth, the exclusion principle is not compatible with law of conservation of energy, and in physics the principles that are not compatible with law of conservation of energy will be invalid in some cases
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