1,720,957 research outputs found
Understanding preferences for autonomous trucks functions in China: Insights from drivers and organizational buyers
No full textThe transportation industry is undergoing a significant transformation as it integrates advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) technologies. This shift is particularly important in the trucking industry. Driver assistance technologies offer a promising solution for improving safety and reducing traffic accidents. However, the trucking industry lags significantly behind passenger vehicles in the maturity and penetration rate of such technologies. This study uses a stated preference survey to explore the purchasing preferences for ADAS functions among truck drivers and organization buyers in China. Our findings show that truck drivers with a safe driving history prioritize reliability and assistance features such as automatic emergency braking, adaptive cruise control, and lane-centering control. In contrast, drivers with a record of unsafe driving favor more advanced ADAS functions, such as city or highway navigation on autopilot, owing to their ability to alleviate driving stress. Buyers from organizations, compared with individual truck drivers, are more averse to the additional costs of ADAS technologies, while larger companies seem more willing to invest in autonomous trucks than are smaller businesses and individuals. However, top management teams remain cautious, reflecting a lack of confidence in the operational and safety benefits of the current technology at Level 2 autonomy. Resistance to adopting autonomous trucks is also stronger among male (vs. female) drivers and older drivers, who comprise a large segment of the domestic market. The study recommends that autonomous vehicle system providers and governments prioritize active safety functions to further improve safety. Furthermore, it is suggested that extensive training and trials be provided to increase trust and confidence in autonomous truck technologies among industry stakeholders.
What Patterns Contribute to Autonomous Vehicle Crashes? A Study of Level 2 and 4 Automation via Association Rule Analysis
No full textWith increasing autonomous vehicle (AV) penetration, understanding the factors contributing to AV crashes is crucial for addressing ongoing road safety challenges. This study aims to reveal the effects of vehicle characteristics, road conditions, environmental factors, and precrash movements on the occurrence of head-on, rear-end, and side-impact crashes. In particular, factors associated with various types of Level 2 and Level 4 AV crashes were analyzed. Our data, obtained from the California Department of Motor Vehicles and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, spans from October 2014 to March 2024. Association rule mining techniques identify the significant patterns and interdependencies among the factors contributing to AV crashes. The findings demonstrate that the factors influencing crash types include weather, roadway surface, lighting, and vehicle precrash movements. For example, head-on crashes frequently occur at intersections under poor lighting conditions, whereas rear-end crashes occur more frequently on high-speed highways, particularly because of unexpected braking by the vehicle ahead. Side-impact crashes commonly result from merging maneuvers, especially under adverse weather and lighting conditions. These findings provide new insights into the causal mechanisms behind different types of AV crashes and underscore the need to strengthen traffic management, enhance AV sensing and decision-making capabilities, and implement targeted safety measures in high-risk areas.
Can AV crash datasets provide more insight if missing information is supplemented? Employing Generative Adversarial Imputation Networks to Tackle Data Quality Issues
No full textThe growing prevalence of autonomous vehicles (AVs) offers new opportunities for enhancing traffic efficiency. However, AVs still face significant challenges that impact their safety and effectiveness in preventing accidents. Real-world operational data is therefore essential to identifying the factors contributing to AV crashes. Despite this, the analysis of AV crashes is still hampered by a lack of data, missing information, and underreporting, which negatively impacts its accuracy and comprehensiveness. To address this challenge, a method based on Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) was used for data imputation, leveraging their advantage in handling heterogeneous data. An evaluation of the performance of our proposed data imputation approach was performed by comparing it with two established methods, namely conventional case deletion and Random Forest (RF) imputation. Synthetic data obtained from these three methods were modelled using the random parameters logit model with heterogeneity in means. Data from the California Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) covering 2021-2023 were used. Our results showed that the model based on Generative Adversarial Imputation Networks (GAIN)- processing data outperformed other candidate methods in terms of fitting, predictive accuracy, and factor interpretation. Our results suggest that factors including speed limit, roadway types, head-on crashes, and takeover of ADAS-equipped vehicles are positively associated with serious injury crashes. On the other hand, ADS engagement and crashes with fixed objects exhibit a negative association with serious injury crashes. Additionally, heterogeneous effects of posted speed limits and ADS engagement on AV crash severity were captured to provide a deeper insight into implications.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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