5,317 research outputs found
Configural and featural information in facial-composite images
No full textEyewitnesses are often invited to construct a facial composite, an image created of the person they saw commit a crime that is used by law enforcement to locate criminal suspects. In the current paper, the effectiveness of composite images was investigated from traditional feature systems (E-FIT and PRO-fit), where participants (face constructors) selected individual features to build the face, and a more recent holistic system (EvoFIT), where they ‘evolved' a composite by repeatedly selecting from arrays of complete faces. Further participants attempted to name these composites when seen as an unaltered image, or when blurred, rotated, linearly stretched or converted to a photographic negative. All of the manipulations tested reduced correct naming of the composites overall except (i) for a low level of blur, for which naming improved for holistic composites but reduced for feature composites, and (ii) for 100% linear stretch, for which a substantial naming advantage was observed. Results also indicated that both featural (facial elements) and configural (feature spacing) information was useful for recognition in both types of composite system, but highly-detailed information was more accurate in the feature-based than the holistic method. The naming advantage of linear stretch was replicated using a forensically more-practical procedure with observers viewing an unaltered ¬composite sideways. The work is valuable to police practitioners and designers of facial-composite systems
The influence of holistic interviewing on hair perception for the production of facial composites
No full textThere is mounting evidence to suggest that the external features of a person face -- shape, ears and, in particular, hair -- exert a detrimental effect on the construction of a facial composite. The effect was first demonstrated for EvoFIT, a software system whereby constructors repeatedly select whole faces from arrays of alternatives, with 'breeding', to 'evolve' a face. In research by Frowd and Hepton (2009), volunteers saw a target face and, 24 hours later, were interviewed to describe the face in detail and then used EvoFIT in one of two ways: Constructors saw face arrays containing hair that was either similar-to or exactly-matched hair on a target face. The study found that using exactly-matching hair promoted much-more identifiable composites than using similar hair. More recent research, however, has found that system performance is improved following use of a novel interview given to constructors. This holistic-cognitive interview prompts constructors to recall the target face in detail and then make seven personality-type judgments about it, with the aim of improving their face-recognition ability and thereby produce a better-quality composite. In the current research, we carried out a partial replication of Frowd and Hepton using the holistic-cognitive interview. It was found that identification of composites constructed in this way did not differ significantly by type of hair, and so the enhanced interview appears to mask inaccuracies in presented hair, promoting more identifiable images. Theoretical implications of the research are discussed for EvoFIT along with other system developments that have focused on the potential influence of hair
Author Co-Citation Analysis (ACA): a powerful tool for representing implicit knowledge of scholar knowledge workers
No full textIn the last decade, knowledge has emerged as one of the most important and valuable organizational assets. Gradually this importance caused to emergence of new discipline entitled ―knowledge management‖. However one of the major challenges of knowledge management is conversion implicit or tacit knowledge to explicit knowledge. Thus Making knowledge visible so that it can be better accessed, discussed, valued or generally managed is a long-standing objective in knowledge management. Accordingly in this paper author co- citation analysis (ACA) will be proposed as an efficient technique of knowledge visualization in academia (Scholar knowledge workers)
Portfolio of recorded performances and exegesis: Messiaen’s musical language for the jazz pianist - an exploration through performance.
No full textMoving beyond Gunther Schuller’s Third Stream amalgamation of classical and jazz, this study explores whether the musical language of Olivier Messiaen can make a valid contribution to jazz piano performance. Initially, my project sought to answer such questions as: What elements of the musical language of Messiaen already exist in the jazz vocabulary? Am I able to extend this further? What are the timbral structures and pianistic effects within Messiaen’s musical language? What will be the most effective application of Messiaen’s musical language to jazz piano performance? Endeavouring to answer the final question led me to consider such aspects as whether the project should be limited to quoting Messiaen motifs, arranging Messiaen melodies, replacing jazz harmonic structures on standards with examples from Messiaen’s musical language or whether it would be better to approach the research conceptually. The work of Hubert Nuss provided encouraging reassurance that this was not an impossible task. In order to articulate this conception, the initial challenge was to decide how the classical and jazz worlds might meet in a ‘Messiaen’ technique. The approach adopted was similar to that used for undergraduate jazz study, namely, immersion in the piano scores and recordings of Messiaen’s music as well as by live performances. This was followed by the development and assessment of a contrived approach when specific techniques, such as tonal colourings or harmonic structures, were developed through prepared exercises and consciously included in my performance. It was then compared with an intuitive approach when no such precise parameters were established. This submission consists of CD recordings of two public recitals and an exegesis. It documents the development of this Messiaen technique and discusses its application in my performances. It also demonstrates the ways that Messiaen’s musical language can be used within jazz piano performance to provide a colour that distinguishes jazz piano performance in a competitive field.Thesis (M.Mus.) -- University of Adelaide, Elder Conservatorium of Music, 201
Spinal anaesthesia for brachytherapy for carcinoma of the cervix a comparison of two dose regimes of hypebaric bupivacaine
No full textIncludes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.The main purpose of the study was to help establish the best dose regimen of hyperbaric bupivacaine, when combined with intrathecal fentanyl, for spinal anaesthesia for brachytherapy for carcinoma of the cervix. This procedure is performed as a day case at Groote Schuur Hospital
EvoFIT: A holistic, evolutionary facial imaging technique for creating composites
No full textEvoFIT, a computerized facial composite system is being developed as an alternative to current systems. EvoFIT Faces are initially presented to a witness with random characteristics, but through a process of selection and breeding, a composite is ‘evolved’. Comparing composites constructed with E-FIT, a current system, a naming rate of 10% was found for EvoFIT and 17% for E-FIT. Analysis revealed that target age was limiting factor for EvoFIT and a second study with age appropriate targets visible during composite construction produced a naming rate similar to E-FIT. Two more-realistic studies were conducted that involved young target faces and 2 current systems (E-FIT and PROfit). Composites from both of these experiments were poorly named but a significant benefit emerged for EvoFIT
Free books to download Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended Coursebook with CD-ROM (Cambridge International IGCSE)
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