1,720,956 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Cloning and functional analysis of the 5'-flanking region of the human cardiac ERα gene
No full textDie Östrogene üben ihre Wirkung überwiegend durch die Aktivierung der
Östrogenrezeptoren ERalpha und ERbeta aus. Die Transkription des humanen
ERalpha-Gens kann von sieben verschiedenen Promotoren (A, B, C, D, E, F und T)
initiiert werden, deren Transkripte sich alle in der 5’-UTR unterscheiden.
Diese Promotoren werden zell- und gewebespezifisch exprimiert. Um die
transkriptionelle Regulation des hERalpha-Gens im humanen Myokard zu
untersuchen, wurden zunächst die alternativen 5’-UTR-Varianten des hERalpha-
Gens mittels 5’-RACE, PCR und semiquantitativer PCR identifiziert. Es konnte
gezeigt werden, dass die ERalpha-mRNA von den Promotoren A, B, C und F
transkribiert werden, von denen der F-Promotor die dominante Variante ist. Für
die funktionellen in vitro-Studien in der humanen Kardiomyozyten-Zelllinie
AC16 wurden Teilbereiche der verschiedenen Promotorsequenzen der vier
identifizierten Promotoren amplifiziert und in das pGL2-basic-Luciferase-
Reporter-Plasmid kloniert. Die transienten Transfektionsexperimente mit
Deletionskonstrukten der Promotorvariante F wiesen auf einen negativ-
regulatorischen Bereich zwischen -490 bp und -440 bp hin. Die durch
zielgerichtete Mutagenese erzeugten Mutationen innerhalb der putativen NF-
kappaB- und CDP-Bindungsstellen führten zu einer signifikanten Erhöhung der
Luciferase-Aktivität. Mittels des electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA
)/Supershift-Assays und des Shift-Western konnte die Bindung des
Transkriptionsfaktors NF-kappaB p50 an die identifizierte Sequenz innerhalb
des F-Promotors des hERalpha-Gens nachgewiesen werden. Die DNA-Bindung der
Transkriptionsfaktoren p65, CDP und PHB konnte hingegen nicht eindeutig
nachgewiesen werden. Die Inhibition der NF-kappaB-Aktivität durch Parthenolid
der zuvor mit dem hERalpha-F-Promotorkonstrukt transient transfizierten
AC16-Zellen führte zu einer signifikanten Erhöhung der transkriptionellen
Aktivität des F-Promotors. Weitere Experimente ergaben, dass Parthenolid die
Translokation von NF-kappaB p50 aus dem Zytoplasma in den Nukleus verhindert
und folglich die Konzentration an NF-kappaB p50 im Nukleus signifikant
reduziert. Die immunhistochemischen Befunde weisen auf ein erhöhtes Vorkommen
an hERalpha im Nukleus und im Zytoplasma im Falle einer Inhibition der NF-
kappaB-Aktivität hin. Diese Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass der NF-kappaB-
Signalweg ein Bestandteil des regulatorischen Mechanismus für die Expression
von ERalpha in humanen Kardiomyozyten ist. Darüber hinaus konnte gezeigt
werden, dass 17beta-Östradiol (E2) die transkriptionelle Aktivierung der
hERalpha-Promotoren A, B, C und F in Abhängigkeit von hERalpha bewirkt. So
können letztlich inflammatorische Stimuli durch die Aktivierung und die
anschließende Bindung von NF-kappaB an den hERalpha-F-Promotor einen
suppressorischen Einfluss auf die hERalpha-Expression besitzen und E2/hERalpha
einen antagonistischen Effekt auf die ERalpha-Promotoren im humanen Myokard
ausüben.Estrogens mediate their effects mainly through activation of the estrogen
receptors ERalpha and ERbeta. The transcription of the human ERalpha gene can
be initiated from seven different promoters (A, B, C, D, E, F and T) whose
transcripts all differ in their 5’-UTR. These promoters are expressed in a
cell- and tissue-specific manner. To investigate the transcriptional
regulation of the hERalpha gene in the human myocardium, the alternative
5’-UTR variants of the hERalpha gene were initially identified using 5’-RACE,
PCR and semiquantitative PCR. It could be shown that the ERalpha-mRNA is
transcribed from multiple promoters, namely A, B, C and F, of which the
F-promoter is the most frequently used variant. For functional in vitro
studies in the human cardiac myocyte cell line AC16, portions of the different
promoter sequences of the four identified promoters were amplified and cloned
into the pGL2-basic luciferase reporter plasmid. The transient transfection
experiments with deletion constructs of the promoter variant F exhibited a
negative regulatory region between -490 bp and -440 bp. The induced mutations
via site-directed mutagenesis within the putative NF-kappaB and CDP binding
sites led to a significant increase of the luciferase activity. Using
electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA)/supershift assays and Shift-
Western, the binding of the transcription factor NF-kappaB p50 to the
identified sequence within the F-promoter of the hERalpha gene could be
verified. However, the DNA-binding of the transcription factors p65, CDP and
PHB could not be clearly identified. The inhibition of the NF-kappaB activity
by parthenolide with the prior transiently transfected hERalpha-F-promoter
construct into the AC16 cells led to a significant increase of the
transcriptional activity of the F-promoter. Further experiments showed that
parthenolide inhibits the translocation of NF-kappaB p50 out of the cytoplasm
into the nucleus, and consequently significantly decreased the concentration
of NF-kappaB p50 in the nucleus. The immunohistochemical findings point to an
increased occurrence of hERalpha in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm in the
case of inhibition of the NF-kappaB activity. These results suggest that the
NF-kappaB signalling pathway is an integral part of the regulatory mechanism
for the expression of ERalpha in human cardiomyocytes. In addition it could be
shown that 17beta-estradiol (E2) induced the transcriptional activity of the
hERalpha promoters A, B, C and F in a hERalpha dependent manner. Finally,
inflammatory stimuli may suppress hERalpha expression via activation and
subsequent binding of NF-kappaB to the hERalpha F-promoter, and E2/hERalpha
may exert an antagonistic effect on the ERalpha promoters in the human
myocardium
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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