177,142 research outputs found
Cerebral mechanisms in cardiovascular control : studies on haemorrhage and effects of sodium
No full textThis thesis describes experiments investigating the influence of the brain on cardiovascular adaptations to haemorrhage and excess sodium in conscious chronically prepared sheep. A continuous reduction in blood volume eventually activates a reflex that causes a fall in vascular resistance and heart rate and thereby also in arterial blood pressure. The mechanisms behind this reaction, usually referred to as the decompensatory phase, are not known in detail but it is likely to be neurally mediated. Elevated body fluid NaCl, on the other hand, increases blood pressure. This is mainly achieved by enlarging the plasma volume. However, a putative cerebral action of increased sodium concentration may also contribute to the pressor response. Infusion of hypertonic NaCl solutions is widely acclaimed as an efficient way of restoring haemorrhagic hypotension but investigations concerning the role of the brain in mediating this effect have been largely neglected.Intracerebroventricular infusion of the unspecific opioid antagonist naloxone prior to haemorrhage significantly postponed blood loss induced hypotension, whereas the unspecific opioid agonist morphine had the opposite effect. Further studies revealed that activation of kappa- and delta-opioid receptors, but not mu-opioid receptors adjacent to the ventricular compartment, contributed to initiate haemorrhagic hypotension and bradycardia. However, blockade of these receptors delayed, but could not totally prevent the decompensatory phase.Isoflurane anaesthesia abolished the cerebral effects of hypertonic NaCl on the circulation. As the improvement in cardiovascular function was impaired, it appears that there is a cerebral component crucial for the full effect of hypertonic NaCl resuscitation. This hypothesis was investigated in a separate study of haemorrhage, where it was shown that increased periventricular sodium concentration and cerebral angiotensin II receptors type 1 (AT1)-receptors contribute, together with plasma volume expansion, to improve systemic haemodynamics after intravenous treatment with hypertonic NaCl. Thus, resuscitation with hypertonic NaCl after haemorrhage partly depends on brain mechanisms.Using a newly developed technique for intracerebral injections in conscious chronically prepared sheep it was also demonstrated that reversible inhibition of the neurotransmission within the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus with lidocaine had no apparent effect per se but effectively abolished the increase in arterial blood pressure, central venous pressure and glomerular filtration rate as well as the decrease in plasma angiotensin II levels seen in responses to elevated cerebrospinal fluid sodium concentration. These results indicate an influence of this brain structure on the non-volume dependent cardiovascular adaptations to hypertonicity.List of scientific papersI. Frithiof R, Rundgren M (2006). Activation of central opioid receptors determines the timing of hypotension during acute hemorrhage-induced hypovolemia in conscious sheep. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 291(4): R987-96. Epub 2006 Apr 20 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16627696II. Frithiof R, Eriksson S, Rundgren M (2007). Central inhibition of opioid receptor subtypes and its effect on haemorrhagic hypotension in conscious sheep. Acta Physiol. 191(1): 25-34. Epub 2007 Jun 5 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17550406III. Frithiof R, Mats R, Johan U, Stefan E, Hans H (2006). Comparison between the effects on hemodynamic responses of central and peripheral infusions of hypertonic NaCl during hemorrhage in conscious and isoflurane-anesthetized sheep. Shock. 26(1): 77-86 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16783202IV. Frithiof R, Eriksson S, Bayard F, Svensson T, Rundgren M (2007). Intravenous hypertonic NaCl acts via cerebral sodium sensitive and angiotensinergic mechanisms to improve cardiac function in haemorrhaged conscious sheep. J Physiol. Jul 19: Epub ahead of print https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17640936V. Frithiof R, Rundgren M (2007). Inhibition of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus abolishes sodium induced blood pressure elevation in conscious sheep. [Submitted]</p
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Letter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer, Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, October 2, 1942
No full textLetter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer at The Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, regarding property owned by Dave Tatsuno. Zellick mentions a dispute between current tenants and Tatsuno, and that Tatsuno has asked Goodman to help locate trustworthy tenants.Personal correspondence, organizational records, government documents, publications, and other papers created or collected by Joseph R. Goodman documenting the forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II, as well as organized resistance to incarceration. Included in the collection are records of the Japanese Young Men's Christian Association and the Japanese American Citizens' League in San Francisco, including papers of the Japanese YMCA's executive secretary Lincoln Kanai; Sakai family papers; Goodman's correspondence to and from Japanese American incarcerees, organizations opposing forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans, the War Relocation Authority, and others; publications, photographs, and ephemera from the Topaz Relocation Center, where Goodman taught high school; War Relocation Authority records and publications; and newspaper clippings, pamphlets, and reports about forced removal and incarceration created by various government, religious, and civic organizations, in California and nationwide
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Liftings for noncomplete probability spaces
No full textThe current state of knowledge concerning liftings for noncomplete probability spaces is discussed. This is a somewhat expanded version of the author's talk given at the 1991 Summer Conference on General Topology and Applications in Honor of Mary Ellen Rudin and Her Work.PT: S; CR: BURKE MR, IN PRESS P AM MATH S BURKE MR, 1991, ISRAEL J MATH, V73, P33 BURKE MR, 1992, ISRAEL J MATH, V79, P289 CARLSON T, THEOREM LIFTING CHRISTENSEN JPR, 1974, TOPOLOGY BOREL STRUC FREMLIN DH, 1989, HDB BOOLEAN ALGEBRAS, P877 INOESCUTULCEA A, 1966, 5TH P BERK S MATH ST, V2 IONESCUTULCEA A, 1967, CONTRIBUTIONS PROB 1, P63 IONESCUTULCEA A, 1969, TOPICS THEORY LIFTIN JECH TJ, 1978, SET THEORY JOHNSON RA, 1980, P AM MATH SOC, V80, P234 JUST W, IN PRESS T AM MATH S KUPKA J, 1983, INDIANA U MATH J, V32, P717 LOSERT V, 1983, LNM, V1080, P95 MAHARAM D, 1958, P AM MATH SOC, V9, P987 SHELAH S, 1983, ISRAEL J MATH, V45, P90 TALAGRAND M, 1982, P AM MATH SOC, V84, P379 VONNEUMANN J, 1931, CRELLES J MATH, V165, P109; NR: 18; TC: 0; J9: ANN N Y ACAD SCI; PG: 4; GA: BZ86BSource type: Electronic(1
Hansen, Lee (Lee R.). Union, non-union, and managerial pay plan state employees, 2008-2019
No full text1 online resource (2 pages)"July 1, 2021."Provides the number of union and non-union state employees in each of the last 14 years. Also provides the number of state employees paid under the state's managerial pay plan during each of those years. Updates OLR research report 2019-R-011
Letter from Joseph R. Goodman to Akiko Nishioka, May 27, 1942
No full textLetter from Joseph R. Goodman to Akiko Nishioka, regarding Japanese American students from the west coast who resettled at colleges and universities in the east.Personal correspondence, organizational records, government documents, publications, and other papers created or collected by Joseph R. Goodman documenting the forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II, as well as organized resistance to incarceration. Included in the collection are records of the Japanese Young Men's Christian Association and the Japanese American Citizens' League in San Francisco, including papers of the Japanese YMCA's executive secretary Lincoln Kanai; Sakai family papers; Goodman's correspondence to and from Japanese American incarcerees, organizations opposing forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans, the War Relocation Authority, and others; publications, photographs, and ephemera from the Topaz Relocation Center, where Goodman taught high school; War Relocation Authority records and publications; and newspaper clippings, pamphlets, and reports about forced removal and incarceration created by various government, religious, and civic organizations, in California and nationwide
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