1,720,960 research outputs found
Predictors of non‑invasive ventilation failure for community acquired pneumonia: a retrospective cohort study
No full textIntroduction: the use of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) for community acquired pneumonia (CAP) is not routinely recommended. NIV failure is associated with increased mortality, highlighting the need for careful patient selection. We aimed to identify predictors of NIV failure for severe CAP in our ICU. Methods: in this single-center retrospective cohort study, we included consecutive adults with CAP who received NIV as their initial respiratory support on our ICU. The study data was collected for the period between 1st February 2016 and 30th April 2017. We categorized patients as either NIV success (defined as discharged alive from ICU) or NIV failure (defined as requirement for mechanical ventilation or death). Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, Heart Rate, Acidosis, Consciousness, Oxygenation, and Respiratory Rate (HACOR) score and ratio of oxygen saturations (ROX) index at various timepoints are reported. Results: we included 106 patients (median age 63 years, 56% male). Median PaO2/FiO2 ratio and SOFA score on ICU admission were 155 mmHg and 5 respectively. Overall, our NIV success rate was 59% and in patients with NIV success, 28-day mortality was lower than for patients who failed NIV (13 vs 35%, p = 0.0085). In univariate analysis, NIV failure was associated with SOFA score (OR 1.33), HACOR score (OR 1.14) and presence of septic shock (OR 3.99). SOFA score has an AUC of 0.75 for NIV failure on ICU admission, whilst HACOR has an AUC of 0.76 after 2 h of NIV. A threshold of HACOR ≤ 5 after 2 h of NIV predicts success with sensitivity and specificity of 53% and 85%, whereas SOFA ≤ 4 has a sensitivity and specificity of 61% and 72%. There were no differences in pH, PaO2/FiO2 ratio, PaCO2 or ROX index between NIV success or failure at any timepoint. Conclusions: our results suggest that SOFA ≤ 4 and HACOR ≤ 5 are reasonable thresholds to identify patients with severe CAP likely to benefit from NIV
Non-invasive ventilation for community-acquired pneumonia: outcomes and predictors of failure from an ICU cohort
No full textBackground and Objectives: the use of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains controversial. NIV failure in the setting of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure is associated with increased mortality, highlighting the need for careful patient selection. Methods and methods: this is a retrospective observational cohort study. We included 140 patients with severe CAP, treated with either NIV or invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) as their primary oxygenation strategy. Results: the median PaO2/FiO2 ratio and SOFA score upon ICU admission were 151 mmHg and 6, respectively. We managed 76% of patients with NIV initially and report an NIV success rate of 59%. Overall, the 28-day mortality was 25%, whilst for patients with NIV success, the mortality was significantly lower at 13%. In the univariate analysis, NIV failure was associated with the SOFA score (OR 1.33), the HACOR score (OR 1.14) and the presence of septic shock (OR 3.99). The SOFA score has an AUC of 0.75 for NIV failure upon ICU admission, whilst HACOR has an AUC of 0.76 after 2 h of NIV. Conclusions: our results suggest that a SOFA ≤ 4 and an HACOR ≤ 5 are reasonable thresholds to identify patients with severe CAP likely to benefit from NIV.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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