1,720,981 research outputs found
Mapping new work practices in the smart city
No full textThe proliferation of digital connectivity and mobility is having a profound impact on collaboration practices and coworking spaces in urban environments. This chapter focuses on nomadic patterns of designers, freelancers, hackers, and creative professionals, and seeks to map the urban spaces that they occupy and navigate in order to go about their work practices. After a brief introduction on the use of office space and recently emerged city bound working practices, we first review previous studies and current literature about the impact of digital connectivity and mobility on collaboration and coworking spaces. Two cases (the Centre for Social Innovation in Toronto, Canada, and The Edge, a digital culture centre at the State Library of Queensland in Brisbane, Australia) will be introduced as examples of social practices in, and uses / employments of coworking and collaboration spaces. The subsequent discussion of best practices and future designs of collaboration and coworking spaces will focus on three distinct themes: First, the tension between universal vs specialised demands on space; second, the need for perpetual messiness, and; third, the unfolding urban ecology of work spaces. Finally, we will conclude with some considerations on the configuration and promotion of collaborative working practices especially with regards to urban planning
Agency and Controversy in the YouTube Community
No full textThis chapter addresses the practices of and conflicts among the core group of particularly active and sociable YouTube users who operated with a self-understanding of themselves as a ‘community’, especially in the first few years of the platform. The chapter argues that despite its internal antagonisms, it is this community of practice that provides the environment in which new literacies, new cultural forms, and new social practices – situated in and appropriate to the culture of user-created online video – were originated, adopted and retained. In order to operate effectively as a participant in the YouTube community, it is not possible to simply import learned conventions for creative practice, entertainment, or audience-building, from elsewhere. Success and cultural innovation in the early years of the platform were achieved by exploiting site-specific forms of ‘vernacular expertise’. Collectively, these particularly invested and knowledgeable users mobilised their insider knowledge in struggles over the culture of YouTube, contributing in a lasting way to its distinctive cultural forms and business logics
Real-Time Applications (Twitter)
No full textThe popular social media platform Twitter is the latest in long line of platforms for synchronous (real-time) computer-mediated communication that stretches back at least to the heyday of Bulletin Board Systems (BBSs). Its specific communicative affordances – chiefly the 140-character limit that applies to individual tweets – and the gradual co-development of the platform in collaboration between platform provider Twitter, Inc. and its growing userbase have led to the establishment of a range of usage practices for Twitter that privilege co-present live conversation over more drawn-out asynchronous discussion threads. This has led the platform to be recognised especially as an important space for ad hoc publics to gather around crises and other acute events, as well as to join in the global audiences for other major media events. However, everyday phatic communication and the maintenance of social ties also continues to account for a substantial portion of overall Twitter traffic. This chapter traces the origins and gradual development of the platform, and outlines some of the key contemporary uses of Twitter
Le temps-discours, les temps-images. Pluralisation et ouverture de l'organisation temporelle de la vie quotidienne
No full text«The Time-Discourse, the Time-Images. Pluralization and Opening of the Temporal Organization of the Everyday Life».
Heidrun Friese [39-64].
The question of time takes up a main place in the social theory. The author examines particularly the place of the construction of time in the theories of action in the work of Bourdieu and Giddens. Pointing out their deficiencies, the author describes the multiplicity of strategies in the construction of a splited temporality in the ordinary person everyday acts (the article relies on an ethnographie survey in Sicily). She pleads for the integration in a renewed sociology of time of this irreducible plurality of time (biographical time, historical local time, historical universal time), which characterizes all the local practices.«Le temps-discours, les temps-images. Pluralisation et ouverture de l'organisation temporelle de la vie quotidienne».
Heidrun Friese [39-64].
La question du temps occupe une place centrale dans la théorie sociale. L'auteur examine en particulier la place de la construction du temps dans les théories de l'action de Bourdieu et de Giddens. Pointant leurs insuffisances, l'auteur - en s'appuyant sur une enquête ethnographique menée en Sicile (dont elle a par ailleurs tiré un ouvrage) - décrit les multiples stratégies de construction d'une temporalité éclatée à l'œuvre dans l'agir quotidien des personnes et plaide pour l'intégration de cette pluralité irréductible (temps biographique, temps historique local, temps historique universel), qui caractérise toute pratique locale, dans une théorie sociologique du temps renouvelée.Friese Heidrun. Le temps-discours, les temps-images. Pluralisation et ouverture de l'organisation temporelle de la vie quotidienne. In: Politix, vol. 10, n°39, Troisième trimestre 1997. Se référer au passé, sous la direction de Jean-Philippe Heurtin et Danny Trom. pp. 39-64
« Ce n'est pas le hip-hop qui nous fait voyager, c'est nous qui faisons voyager le hip- hop » : Représentations et pratiques d' (im)mobilités au sein d'une scène musicale translocale au Sénégal
No full textÀ l’aune de la célébration des 30 ans du « Rap Galsen », nom communément donné au rap au Sénégal (1988-2018), ce travail interroge les dynamiques de sa production du point de vue des (im)mobilités de différents acteur.trice.s (artistes, producteurs, promoteurs). Ce parti-pris, ancré dans les études sur le transnational et le « mobility turn », propose de renouveler l’approche des pratiques musicales en globalisation tout en revisitant les sciences sociales des migrations au prisme des pratiques artistiques. À l’aide du concept de « scène », le rap galsen est abordé au travers des répertoires d’action et de discours utilisés pour définir son existence, faisant appel aux catégories de « local » et « global », dans le cadre d’établissement de frontières entre « nous » et « eux ». L’ancrage « local » du rap sénégalais est ainsi exploré à l’aune de processus d’authentification de ce que signifie être « Sénégalais » tout en faisant du rap.
Comment ces revendications locales s’accommodent-elles des mobilités croissantes de certains artistes de rap sénégalais et des désirs d’« exportation » de nombreux autres ?
Ce travail montre comment les dynamiques d’(im)mobilités s’enchâssent au cœur de rapports de pouvoir, entre ceux qui cherchent à imposer une certaine définition du rap galsen et ceux qui cherchent à s’en défaire. La prise en compte de la diversité des (im)mobilités impliquées (mobilités circulatoires,
« en étoile », pendulaires, migrations, migrations de retour, immobilités) dans la pratique artistique permet d’envisager comment chaque forme de mobilité impacte les positionnements des acteurs (im)mobiles sur la scène, et leur capacité à peser sur les processus de définition du « rap galsen ».
Dakar, Paris, Berlin, Munich, Lausanne, Genève, Baltimore, New York et Washington, tels sont les lieux visités au cours de ce travail pour suivre ou rencontrer des acteur.trice.s de la scène rap sénégalaise, tissant les liens entre plusieurs localités au-delà des frontières nationales, dessinant les contours d’une
« scène musicale translocale ».
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In the light of the celebration of the 30th anniversary of “Rap Galsen”, a name commonly given to rap in Senegal (1988–2018), this work examines the dynamics of its production from the point of view of the (im)mobility of its diverse agents (artists, producers, promoters). This perspective, drawing from transnational and “mobility” studies, proposes to renew the analysis of musical practices in globalisation, while revisiting migration studies in the light of artistic practices.
Using the concept of “scene”, rap galsen is approached through the repertoires of action and speech used to establish its existence, mobilising references to the “local” and the “global”, thus participating to boundary-making processes between “us” and “them”. The “local” anchoring of Senegalese rap is thus explored through processes of authentication of what it means to be “Senegalese” while making rap. How then do these “local” claims accommodate with the growing mobility of some Senegalese rap artists and the desire to “export” of many others?
This research shows how the dynamics of (im)mobility are embedded in power relationships, between those who seek to impose a certain definition of rap galsen and those who seek to overturn it. Taking into account the diversity of (im)mobility involved in artistic practices (circulatory mobility, “star” mobility, pendular mobility, migration, return migration, immobility) makes it possible to consider how each form of mobility impact the positions of (im)mobile actors on the scene, and their capacity to influence processes of definition of “rap galsen”.
Dakar, Paris, Berlin, Munich, Lausanne, Geneva, Baltimore, New York and Washington, these are the places visited during this research to follow or meet actors who claim to belong to the Senegalese rap scene, weaving the links between several localities across national borders and shaping the contours of a “translocal music scene”
Transborders. Migration and Social Theory
No full textWhether or not it is possible to define our age as ‘the age of migration’ as Castles and Miller (2003) pointed out, it is a matter of fact that mobilities posit fundamental challenges to our age. Increasing mobility, transnational connections, the dynamics of displacement, the circulation of cultural traits, commodities, goods and services in ‘postcolonial’ and ‘post-national constellations’ (Habermas) pervade most aspects of contemporary societies. These processes have significantly altered the various articulations of the global, the national and the local spheres and urged for a critical scrutiny of accustomed notions such as freedom, democracy, justice and their respective social and political locations. In this context, three major and interconnected fields of - theoretical and empirical - engagement can be evidenced: First, there is an increasing interest in transnational mobility. Second, the (questioning of) borders became a significant issue and third, questions of social membership, political citizenship and (distributive) justice have enriched the theoretical debate in both social theory and political philosophy. Contributors to this special issue (Etienne Balibar, Martina Cvajner and Giuseppe Sciortino, Nicholas De Genova, Nancy Fraser, Heidrun Friese and Sandro Mezzadra, Nikos Papastergiadis, Vassilis Tsianos and Serhat Karakayali) engage these aspects in a fertile, transdisciplinary vision.(Product of workshop No. 15 at the 8th MRM 2007
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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