1,604 research outputs found
How Household Income Management Affects Women’s Microenterprises in Urban Ghana
No full textCash grants often lead to increases in
business profits for male entrepreneurs, but not for female
entrepreneurs. This study identifies key household-level
factors that constrain women’s ability to grow their
business. Through in-depth qualitative research, it provides
evidence that intrahousehold relationships influence the
business decisions of female microentrepreneurs in urban
Ghana. Intrahousehold relationships constrain the decisions
women make about their businesses in three primary ways: 1)
women hide income and sometimes limit investment in an
effort to reinforce their husband’s responsibilities as a
primary provider and secure sufficient support, 2) women
prioritize savings to meet daily household needs, cover
shortfalls in their husband’s financial support, and take
care of emergencies, and 3) marital insecurity encourages
women to dedicate business income to long-term investments
independent of their husbands, such as property or
children’s’ education. Efforts to support women
microentrepreneurs will need to address barriers to women’s
ability to meet daily household needs and to plan for
long-term security, in addition to relieving capital
constraints. Policy responses could include increasing
security by improving marital property rights for women or
improving social safety nets to change the calculus that
leads women to prioritize savings over investment
The Importance of a Tech-Plus-Touch Approach and Other Lessons Learned - Case Study 1
No full textConnecting female entrepreneurs to
digital platforms that provide access to information and
resources is possible, even in low-income and low-bandwidth
settings. However, supporting initial take-up may require
traditional, in-person marketing and onboarding. This brief
shares lessons from a pilot of a digital mentoring platform
in Ethiopia. The target users were female entrepreneurs in
Ethiopia’s Somali region. The pilot found that on-boarding
female entrepreneurs to digital platforms and helping them
progress through the user experience is possible, but also
suggests that thoughtful design modifications are critical.
These modifications include: (a) using old-fashioned
marketing strategies; (b) adopting a tech-plus-touch
approach; (c) prioritizing a mobile-first low-bandwidth
option; (d) simplifying onboarding requirements; and (e)
providing educational and guidance resources
Women’s Microenterprises and Household Relationships
No full textRecent studies have suggested that women’s business decisions are influenced by members of their household, especially their spouse, and that these intrahousehold dynamics contribute to gender gaps in entrepreneurship outcomes. This in-depth qualitative study among microentrepreneurs in urban Ghana sought to understand the connections between women’s businesses and their households’ management of economic resources. The findings show that women’s business decisions are influenced by: 1) a desire to reinforce their partner’s responsibilities as a primary provider; 2) attempts to fulfil normative expectations of meeting the daily basic-needs of the family; and 3) a need to prepare for long-term security. To reinforce their husband’s responsibilities as a provider, women hid income and savings, and sometimes explicitly limited business growth. To ensure their ability to smooth household consumption and respond to emergencies, women prioritized savings over business investment. And, to plan for their long-term security, women opted for cautious business investment, instead maintaining pressure on their partner to meet current needs and investing in children and property for the future. Previous studies document gender differences in microenterprise business management. This research builds on those studies by examining how intrahousehold inequalities affect women’s business decisions. The findings demonstrate the contextual importance of social relations for understanding women’s business decisions. More broadly, the findings illustrate that interpersonal interactions concerning the management of economic resources are an integral part of how household members negotiate their rights and responsibilities in relation to each other
Women's Microenterprises and Household Relationships
No full textRecent studies have suggested that
women's business decisions are influenced by members of
their household, especially their spouse, and that these
intrahousehold dynamics contribute to gender gaps in
entrepreneurship outcomes. This in-depth qualitative study
among microentrepreneurs in urban Ghana sought to understand
the connections between women's businesses and their
households' management of economic resources. The
findings show that women’s business decisions are influenced
by: (1) a desire to reinforce their partner's
responsibilities as a primary provider, (2) attempts to
fulfill normative expectations regarding daily provision of
needs for the family, and (3) a need to prepare for
long-term security. To reinforce their husband's
responsibilities as a provider, women hid income and
savings, and sometimes explicitly limited business growth.
To ensure their ability to smooth household consumption and
respond to emergencies, women prioritized savings over
investment. And, to plan for their long-term security, women
opted for cautious business investment, maintaining pressure
on their partner to meet current needs and investing in
children and property for the future. More broadly, the
findings illustrate that interpersonal interactions
concerning the management of economic resources are an
integral part of how household members negotiate their
rights and responsibilities in relation to each other
The Architectural Changes of Hagia Sophia During Different Era’s: The conversion of Hagia Sophia, from church to mosque during the Byzantine and Ottoman Empire
No full textThe 1,500-year-old Hagia Sophia has undergone a long historical process of changes during three important periods. During the Roman Empire, Hagia Sophia was a Catholic church. During the Byzantine Empire, it was an Orthodox cathedral and under the Ottoman Empire Hagia Sophia was a mosque. (Mark & Cakmak, 1992) The structure has undergone multiple changes partly due to disasters such as fire and earthquakes. (Coruhlu et al., 2020) Also the conversion from church to mosque has led to multiple changes in the architectural structure and appearance of the building.This thesis examines the architectural implications of the religious conversion of the house of worship. To investigate this, first a study will be done on the ar- chitecture of the church during the Byzantine Empire, then a study will be done on architecture of the mosque during the Ottoman Empire. From these results a comparison will be made which will highlight the architectural and aesthetic changes which Hagia Sophia has undergone as a result of the conversion and what effect the conversion has had on the appearance of the building.Keywords - Hagia Sophia, architectural changes, religion, house of worship, church, mosque, Byzantine Empire, Ottoman EmpireAR2A011Architectural History ThesisArchitecture, Urbanism and Building Science
Sophia to Sophia genita : reflections on prenicena ttrinitarian theology
No full textResumen:
La riqueza y pluralidad de significados que ha recibido el término Sophia al hablar de la esfera divina exige abordar con cuidado su uso y proyección. El autor, en este artículo, se propone hacer un recorrido por autores y sus profundizaciones para poder tener una panorámica de un itinerario complejo y rico.Abstract:
The richness and plurality of meanings that the term Sophia has received in speaking of the divine sphere demands careful approach to its use and projection. The author, in this article, intends to take a tour by authors and their insights to be able to have an overview of a complex and rich itinerary
Sophia hartwegiana (Hartweg's Tansy Mustard) : Hartweg's Tansy Mustard
No full textClass: Dicotyledoneae
Family: Cruciferae
Genus: Sophia
Species: hartwegian
'La pace costituente' : per un'interpretazione integrativa delle relazioni internazionali
No full textThis text presents the inaugural lecture of the academic year 2012/2013 at the Sophia University Institute (delivered on 18 October 2012). The author seeks a possible description of the concept of “constitutive peace”. It emerges as an operative concept, as a description of possibility always subject to failure, as the construction of a context which permits the ongoing activity of international politics amidst the daily struggles of building and conserving relations
Representations of Humans, Climate Change, and Environmental Degradation in School Textbooks in Ghana and Malawi
No full textEvidence from a Video-Based Nutrition-Sensitive Agricultural Extension Program in Ethiopia
No full textMicronutrient deficiency, or hidden
hunger, remains a significant problem affecting more than 2
billion people globally. Consuming a diet that is diverse in
agricultural products is a primary way of decreasing hidden
hunger. Nutrition-sensitive agriculture is recommended as a
means of ensuring that investments in agriculture also
translate into nutritional gains. Nutrition-sensitive
agriculture is a multisectoral approach that requires
coordination and cooperation across what are often gendered
domains of control inside and outside the home. Agriculture
is usually treated as men’s domain and nutrition women’s,
with programming generally targeting recipients based on
their assumed domain of control. Using evidence from a study
of a video-based nutrition-sensitive agriculture program in
Ethiopia, this paper provides an in-depth qualitative
examination of why targeting both men and women with
information on nutrition-sensitive agriculture is preferred
by both female and male farmers. The findings indicate that
the participation of men and women within the same household
not only reduces inequalities in access to information, but
also changes whether and how conversations about household
production and consumption happen. Household investments in
nutrition-sensitive agriculture often involve risk-taking
and may require the labor of both men and women.
Nutrition-sensitive agriculture interventions that provide
information to both women and men ease information-sharing
frictions, including those related to intrahousehold gender
inequality, and encourage consensus building and the joint
assessment of potential benefits and risks. The findings
from this study indicate that dual targeting is important
for promoting nutrition-sensitive agriculture and addressing
hidden hunger because of the potential benefits related to
intrahousehold collaboration
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