1,721,011 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Investment, Unbundling, and Vertical Governance in Electric Power Systems
No full textAbstract Unbundling, the vertical separation of electricity networks from generation and retail, and liberalization have been common features of electricity market reform around the world. As a consequence, the structure of electric power systems is becoming increasingly decentralized. Electricity supply is an interrelated system that requires careful coordination between supply and demand. This applies especially to system operation. But also in the long term coordination exhibits considerable benefit since the siting of generators has considerable influence on the network and may defer/ or increase investment need. With unbundling, firm-internal coordination across the entire supply chain is no longer possible. Coordination problems can arise because of lacking information or because of incentive problems. Since lack of coordination can cause efficiency losses, alternative governance mechanisms are needed to restore coordination in a market environment. This PhD thesis explores the coordination problem and possible solutions in five related articles. The first paper focuses on operational coordination and analyses the option of an independent system operator as a governance form for future actively managed smart distribution networks. The second paper examines whether costless information exchange ("cheap talk") can achieve coordination of investment decisions. Cheap talk may fail because of incentives problems. However, deep charging can serve to restore incentive compatibility. The third paper studies locational charging as price mechanism to coordinate distribution network and network users analytically. The fourth paper extends the theoretical analysis with a more in-depth investigation of the possibilities for locational pricing in Germany based on contractual solutions between network operator and user. The fifth paper shows that such optional and voluntary contracts can achieve a pareto-improvement
Verbrauchssteuerung
No full textS.417-442Die politischen Ziele zur Erhöhung des Anteils der erneuerbaren Stromerzeugung am Energiemix sowie die Abkehr von der Kernenergie und fossiler Stromerzeugung haben einen Transformationsprozess des Stromversorgungssystems eingeleitet. Die Schwankungen von dezentraler Stromerzeugung aus erneuerbaren Energiequellen und der im Tagesverlauf variierende Strombedarf erfordern ein flexibles System. Neben flexiblen Kraftwerken und Speichern kann eine intelligente Verbrauchssteuerung dazu beitragen, die benötigte Flexibilität bereitzustellen
Governing smart grids - the case for an independent system operator
Get PDFThe next years should bring about a rapid transformation of the electricity sector towards high levels of renewable generation. Smart grids are seen as the silver bullet responding to the challenge of integrating renewables, managing flexibility, and keeping the costs down in distribution networks. Network unbundling on the other hand is essential for competition in the liberalized electricity industry. It forces independence of the networks and thereby eliminates concern that incumbent integrated (network) firms discriminate against new entrants. With smart grids the unbundling questions become relevant for distribution networks because active control in smart grids entails discrimination potentials. However, smart grids exhibit coordination needs for system efficiency and unbundling eliminates firm-internal coordination. An independent system operator seems to be an appropriate compromise solution. It eliminates discrimination incentives and serves coordination needs, thereby striking a balance between both competition and efficiency goals
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Impact of benchmarks in Phase III on allocation compared to allocation in Phase II of the EU ETS
No full textKurzstudie: Potenziale der Digitalisierung für den Klimaschutz
No full text[Hintergrund/Problemstellung] Der „Megatrend“ Digitalisierung bietet erhebliche Potenziale für die Reduktion von Transaktionskosten in wirtschaftlichen, sozialen und kommunikativen Prozessen und Diensten. Zudem erhöht sich die Anzahl der möglichen Organisationsstrukturen durch die ubiquitäre Verfügbarkeit von Daten und Technologien; neue Wissensfelder und Zusammenhänge werden erschlossen (Big Data, …). Diese Möglichkeit der Verknüpfung von Daten in Echtzeit, die Verschlankung von Prozessen und die Unmittelbarkeit des Datenaustauschs kann auch für den Klimaschutz im Rahmen der Energiewende nutzbar gemacht werden. Die Etablierung von intelligenten Messsystemen (Smart Meter) und damit einhergehende Transparenz und Steuerungsmöglichkeiten, die stärkere Synchronisation von Verbrauch und Erzeugung vor allem bei industriellen Stromnutzern oder die intelligente Verknüpfung von Sektoren können sich sehr positiv auf eine effiziente Nutzung von Energie und damit auf den Klimaschutz auswirken. Durch die Digitalisierung sind weitere positive Effekte für den Klimaschutz in den Bereichen Energiemanagement, Flexible Lastensteuerung, Sektorenkopplung, Netzausbau und -steuerung zu erwarten. Ein systematischer Überblick über die möglichen Potenziale der Digitalisierung für Klimaschutz, Ressourcen- und Energieeinsparung und die konkreten Handlungsfelder fehlt jedoch. Auf Basis einer solchen Grundlage kann weitergehender Bedarf angewandter Klimaschutzforschung beurteilt und ggf. bearbeitet werden
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