1,721,226 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Food vs. toy : Exploring how reward type shapes dog search behaviour
No full textMaster thesis - University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna - 2023Domestic dogs are renowned for their social cognition and proficient interactions with humans, yet comparatively little is known about how they represent and reason about the physical world around them. Specifically, while it is well-established that dogs do have an object permanence (i.e., can form mental representations of objects in their environment), it remains unclear how they represent different types of rewards, and how the nature of those rewards impacts their behaviour and performance in experimental tasks. This thesis explores two competing hypotheses, namely (a) that different types of rewards trigger the use of distinct cognitive strategies (inference and association) during object search, and (b) that dogs hold distinct mental representations for different types of rewards. Two groups of dogs are tested in a meticulously designed variation of the classic Piagetian invisible displacement task – one group with food and another with a toy as reward. Dogs see the reward (food or toy) “disappear” from a displacement device, after passing behind three hiding screens. Dogs are allowed to search for the reward, and their speed as they move between screens is measured. If dogs use inference by exclusion to find the reward, they should speed up after finding two empty screens, indicating their confidence in finding the reward behind the third screen. In contrast, the experiments yielded robust evidence that dogs tended to slow down as they approached the final screen, signifying a predominant reliance on associative strategies rather than inferential reasoning. Importantly, the reward type, be it food or a toy, did not significantly affect their search behaviour. That is, in this study we found no evidence that dogs would represent food and toy rewards differently or that these rewards would activate different cognitive strategies in dogs. These findings hold significance from practical and theoretical standpoints, and lay a solid methodological groundwork for further research distinguishing between behaviour rooted in logical inference and associative generalization across various species.Master thesis - University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna - 2023Domestic dogs are renowned for their social cognition and proficient interactions with humans, yet comparatively little is known about how they represent and reason about the physical world around them. Specifically, while it is well-established that dogs do have an object permanence (i.e., can form mental representations of objects in their environment), it remains unclear how they represent different types of rewards, and how the nature of those rewards impacts their behaviour and performance in experimental tasks. This thesis explores two competing hypotheses, namely (a) that different types of rewards trigger the use of distinct cognitive strategies (inference and association) during object search, and (b) that dogs hold distinct mental representations for different types of rewards. Two groups of dogs are tested in a meticulously designed variation of the classic Piagetian invisible displacement task – one group with food and another with a toy as reward. Dogs see the reward (food or toy) “disappear” from a displacement device, after passing behind three hiding screens. Dogs are allowed to search for the reward, and their speed as they move between screens is measured. If dogs use inference by exclusion to find the reward, they should speed up after finding two empty screens, indicating their confidence in finding the reward behind the third screen. In contrast, the experiments yielded robust evidence that dogs tended to slow down as they approached the final screen, signifying a predominant reliance on associative strategies rather than inferential reasoning. Importantly, the reward type, be it food or a toy, did not significantly affect their search behaviour. That is, in this study we found no evidence that dogs would represent food and toy rewards differently or that these rewards would activate different cognitive strategies in dogs. These findings hold significance from practical and theoretical standpoints, and lay a solid methodological groundwork for further research distinguishing between behaviour rooted in logical inference and associative generalization across various species.Masterarbeit - Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien - 2023Hunde sind bekannt für ihre soziale Kognition und ihre geschickten Interaktionen mit Menschen. Dennoch ist vergleichsweise wenig darüber bekannt, wie sie die physische Welt um sich herum wahrnehmen und in ihr interagieren. Insbesondere ist es zwar bekannt, dass Hunde über Objektpermanenz verfügen (d.h., mentale Vorstellungen von Objekten in ihrer Umgebung bilden können), aber es bleibt unklar, wie sie z.B. verschiedene Arten von Belohnungen wahrnehmen und wie die Art der Belohnungen ihr Verhalten und ihre Leistung in experimentellen Aufgaben beeinflusst. Diese Dissertation untersucht zwei konkurrierende Hypothesen, nämlich (a), dass verschiedene Arten von Belohnungen die Verwendung unterschiedlicher kognitiver Strategien (Inferenz und Assoziation) während der Objektsuche auslösen, und (b), dass Hunde unterschiedliche mentale Vorstellungen für verschiedene Arten von Belohnungen haben. Zwei Gruppen von Hunden werden in einer Variation der klassischen Piaget\u27schen Aufgabe zur nicht sichtbaren Verschiebung getestet - eine Gruppe mit Nahrung und eine andere mit einem Spielzeug als Belohnung. Die Hunde beobachten, wie die Belohnung (Nahrung oder Spielzeug) hinter drei Versteckschirmen verschwindet. Die Hunde dürfen nach der Belohnung suchen, und ihre Geschwindigkeit, während sie sich zwischen den Bildschirmen bewegen, wird gemessen. Wenn Hunde Inferenz durch Ausschluss verwenden, beschleunigen sie nach dem sie bereits zwei leere Bildschrime vorgefunden haben, da sie nun sicher scheinen die Belohung hinter dem dritten Bildschirm vorzufinden. Im Gegensatz dazu lieferten die Experimente robuste Beweise dafür, dass die Hunde dazu neigten, sich zu verlangsamen, wenn sie sich dem letzten Bildschirm näherten, was auf eine überwiegende Abhängigkeit von assoziativen Strategien hinweist, anstatt von inferentialem Denken. Wichtig ist, dass die Art der Belohnung, sei es Nahrung oder ein Spielzeug, ihr Suchverhalten nicht signifikant beeinflusste. In dieser Studie fanden wir also keine Hinweise darauf, dass Hunde Nahrungs- und Spielzeugbelohnungen unterschiedlich repräsentieren würden oder dass diese Belohnungen verschiedene kognitive Strategien bei Hunden aktivieren. Diese Erkenntnisse sind von praktischer und theoretischer Bedeutung und legen eine solide methodische Grundlage für weitere Forschungen zur Unterscheidung zwischen Verhalten, das auf logischer Inferenz und assoziativer Verallgemeinerung bei verschiedenen Arten basiert
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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