1,356,186 research outputs found
Aufmerksamkeit macht den Unterschied - eine EKP-Studie zur syntaktischen Satzverarbeitung drei- bis vierjähriger Kinder
No full textIn einer vorangegangenen EKP-Studie mit passiver Aufgabenstellung konnten wir zeigen, dass die syntaktische Satzverarbeitung bei drei- bis vierjährigen Kindern durch das Variieren der Auftretenshäufigkeit syntaktisch inkorrekter Sätze (20% vs. 80%) beeinflusst wird. Wir fanden eine frühe Negativierung in der 20%-Bedingung, jedoch keinen Effekt in der 80%-Bedingung. In einer Studie mit Erwachsenen von Hahne und Friederici wurde die selbe Manipulation verwendet. Die Autoren berichteten im Unterschied zu unserer Studie eine ELAN für beide Bedingungen und eine P600 für die 20%-Bedingung. Basierend auf diesem Ergebnis schlussfolgerten sie, dass der erste frühe syntaktische Verarbeitungsprozess automatisch abläuft (ELAN). Der zweite spätere Verarbeitungsschritt hingegen ist ein eher kontrollierter Prozess (P600). In ihrer Studie verwendeten Hahne und Friederici eine grammatische Bewertungsaufgabe. Um die syntaktische Satzverarbeitung von Kindern und Erwachsenen unter den selben Bedingungen vergleichen zu können, testeten wir 30 Kinder im Alter von drei bis vier Jahren mit dem Satzmaterial aus der vorangegangenen Studie, diesmal jedoch mit einer grammatischen Bewertungsaufgabe. Nun zeigten die Kinder ein ähnliches EKP-Muster wie Erwachsene. Zusammenfassend kann geschlossen werden, dass sich schon früh in der kindlichen Sprachentwicklung abhängig von der gerichteten Aufmerksamkeit ein automatischer früher Verarbeitungs- und ein eher kontrollierter später Revisionsprozess zeigen
Did you call me? : 5-month-old infants own name guides their attention
Full text linkAn infant's own name is a unique social cue. Infants are sensitive to their own name by 4 months of age, but whether they use their names as a social cue is unknown. Electroencephalogram (EEG) was measured as infants heard their own name or stranger's names and while looking at novel objects. Event related brain potentials (ERPs) in response to names revealed that infants differentiate their own name from stranger names from the first phoneme. The amplitude of the ERPs to objects indicated that infants attended more to objects after hearing their own names compared to another name. Thus, by 5 months of age infants not only detect their name, but also use it as a social cue to guide their attention to events and objects in the world
Language in our brain
No full textLanguage makes us human. It is an intrinsic part of us, although we seldom think about it. Language is also an extremely complex entity with subcomponents responsible for its phonological, syntactic, and semantic aspects. In this landmark work, Angela Friederici offers a comprehensive account of these subcomponents and how they are integrated. Tracing the neurobiological basis of language across brain regions in humans and other primate species, she argues that species-specific brain differences may be at the root of the human capacity for language. Friederici shows which brain regions support the different language processes and, more important, how these brain regions are connected structurally and functionally to make language processes that take place in milliseconds possible. She finds that one particular brain structure (a white matter dorsal tract), connecting syntax-relevant brain regions, is present only in the mature human brain and only weakly present in other primate brains. Is this the “missing link” that explains humans’ capacity for language? Friederici describes the basic language functions and their brain basis; the language networks connecting different language-related brain regions; the brain basis of language acquisition during early childhood and when learning a second language, proposing a neurocognitive model of the ontogeny of language; and the evolution of language and underlying neural constraints. She finds that it is the information exchange between the relevant brain regions, supported by the white matter tract, that is the crucial factor in both language development and evolution
Friederici (Georg). Die geographische Verbreitung des Blasrohrs in Amerika (L'expansion géographique de la sarbacane en Amérique).
No full textMartin Ch. A. Friederici (Georg). Die geographische Verbreitung des Blasrohrs in Amerika (L'expansion géographique de la sarbacane en Amérique).. In: Journal de la Société des Américanistes. Tome 10 n°2, 1913. pp. 602-603
Can European platform capitalism be sustainable?
No full textWhich business models of European platforms are viable and sustainable? That was the question asked and addressed in a virtual event last week. Senior Researcher Nicolas Friederici shares his takeaways
Nature's restoration:people and places on the front lines of conservation
No full textPeter Friederici offers more than reportage about the dynamic field of ecological restoration, for a decade he has been immersed in the theory and on-ground practice of landscape level restoration. he has an earth literacy and wisdom about this topic that will awe anyone, but add to that his colorful, breathtaking writing, and you can't but go away from this inspired
When vocal processing gets emotional: On the role of social orientation in relevance detection by the human amygdala
No full textSchirmer A, Escoffier A, Zysset S, Koester D, Striano T, Friederici AD. When vocal processing gets emotional: On the role of social orientation in relevance detection by the human amygdala. Neuroimage. 2008;40(3):1402-1410
Gesture facilitates the syntactic analysis of speech
Full text linkRecent research suggests that the brain routinely binds together information from gesture and speech. However, most of this research focused on the integration of representational gestures with the semantic content of speech. Much less is known about how other aspects of gesture, such as emphasis, influence the interpretation of the syntactic relations in a spoken message. Here, we investigated whether beat gestures alter which syntactic structure is assigned to ambiguous spoken German sentences. The P600 component of the Event Related Brain Potential indicated that the more complex syntactic structure is easier to process when the speaker emphasizes the subject of a sentence with a beat. Thus, a simple flick of the hand can change our interpretation of who has been doing what to whom in a spoken sentence. We conclude that gestures and speech are integrated systems. Unlike previous studies, which have shown that the brain effortlessly integrates semantic information from gesture and speech, our study is the first to demonstrate that this integration also occurs for syntactic information. Moreover, the effect appears to be gesture-specific and was not found for other stimuli that draw attention to certain parts of speech, including prosodic emphasis, or a moving visual stimulus with the same trajectory as the gesture. This suggests that only visual emphasis produced with a communicative intention in mind (that is, beat gestures) influences language comprehension, but not a simple visual movement lacking such an intention
Processing focus structure and implicit prosody: Differential ERP effects
No full textStolterfoht, B., A. D. Friederici, K. Alter & A. Steube (2007). Processing focus structure and implicit prosody: Differential ERP effects. Cognition 104, 565-590
Full and partial syndromes in eating disorders: a one-year prospective study of risk factors among female students.
No full textThe present study is an investigation into the risk factors and natural history of full and partial syndrome eating disorders in a sample of 394 16-year-old female students. We used a two-stage procedure (screening and clinical interviews) and the same procedure was repeated after a 1-year follow-up. A stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that drive for thinness and tendency towards somatization are associated with an increased risk of later developing an eating disorder. Use of hypocaloric diets and a desire to be thinner characterized those asymptomatic subjects who were later to develop a partial syndrome. Perfectionism appeared to be a maintenance factor for subjects who presented a full or partial eating disorder at baseline
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