1,721,065 research outputs found
Activity patterns of the nectar-feeding bat Leptonycteris yerbabuenae on the Baja California Peninsula, Mexico.
Full text linkTemporal activity patterns of animals can indicate how individuals respond to changing conditions. Gregarious roosting bats provide an opportunity to compare activity patterns among individuals living in the same location to investigate how reproductive status or sex may influence activity budgets. We examined how the activity patterns of the nectarivorous bat Leptonycteris yerbabuenae vary depending on reproductive conditions, sex, and environmental conditions. We analyzed 5 years of individual mark-resighting data using daily detections of L. yerbabuenae marked with passive integrated transponder tags (PIT-tags) at 3 subterranean roosts on the Baja California Peninsula, Mexico. We derived 4 metrics using PIT-tag detections at roost entrances to calculate periods inside the roost and time spent outside the roost (time of emergence, returns to the roost, hours inside the roost, and hours of activity). We found differences among pregnant, lactating, and nonreproductive females for roost returns, hours inside the roost, and hours of activity outside the roost. Lactating females spent the longest time outside the roost, suggesting that the energetic demands of lactation require longer foraging bouts. Contrary to our expectations, lactating females had the fewest returns to the roost during the night, suggesting that lactating females did not shorten foraging bouts to return to nurse pups. Activity patterns differed between females and males and among seasons associated with different food availability. Females had fewer returns during the night and spent more time outside the roost than males. The time of emergence for males was earlier than for females except during the nectar season when most females are reproductively active. Differences in activity patterns among reproductive status, sex, and environmental conditions show how individuals modify behaviors to meet their energetic demands. We demonstrate how mark-resighting data from PIT-tag systems at roost entrances can be used to compare activity patterns of gregarious roosting bats
Myotis morrisi Hill 1971
No full textMyotis morrisi (N = 1). ETHIOPIA — Blue Nile Gorge, Mouth of Didessa River, Forward Base Three (BMNH 70.488 [holotype]).Published as part of Simmons, Nancy B., Flanders, Jon, Fils, Eric Moïse Bakwo, Parker, Guy, Jamison D. Suter,, Bamba, Seinan, Douno, Mory, Mamady Kobele Keita,, Morales, Ariadna E. & Frick, Winifred F., 2021, A new dichromatic species of Myotis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from the Nimba Mountains, Guinea, pp. 1-37 in American Museum Novitates 3963 on page 33, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.443805
A new dichromatic species of Myotis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from the Nimba Mountains, Guinea
No full textSimmons, Nancy B., Flanders, Jon, Fils, Eric Moïse Bakwo, Parker, Guy, Jamison D. Suter,, Bamba, Seinan, Douno, Mory, Mamady Kobele Keita,, Morales, Ariadna E., Frick, Winifred F. (2021): A new dichromatic species of Myotis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from the Nimba Mountains, Guinea. American Museum Novitates 3963: 1-37, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4438059, Hdl: handle/2246/7249, URL: http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/724
FIGURE 9 in A new dichromatic species of Myotis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from the Nimba Mountains, Guinea
No full textFIGURE 9. Spectrogram of echolocation calls emitted by the holotype Myotis nimbaensis upon initial release (FFT size 1024, Hanning window; sampling rate of 500 kHz). Color scale represents amplitude of sound in decibels (dB).Published as part of Simmons, Nancy B., Flanders, Jon, Fils, Eric Moïse Bakwo, Parker, Guy, Jamison D. Suter,, Bamba, Seinan, Douno, Mory, Mamady Kobele Keita,, Morales, Ariadna E. & Frick, Winifred F., 2021, A new dichromatic species of Myotis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from the Nimba Mountains, Guinea, pp. 1-37 in American Museum Novitates 3963 on page 19, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.443805
FIGURE 2 in A new dichromatic species of Myotis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from the Nimba Mountains, Guinea
No full textFIGURE 2. Photographs of roosting and surrounding habitats at the type locality in the Guinean Nimba Mountains. A, Entrance of Kaiser Adit 1. B, Entrance of Kaiser Adit 3 with harp trap placed for bat capture. C, Ecotone of savanna and gallery forest habitats at the headwaters of the Zié river viewable from where bats were captured at adit entrances.Published as part of Simmons, Nancy B., Flanders, Jon, Fils, Eric Moïse Bakwo, Parker, Guy, Jamison D. Suter,, Bamba, Seinan, Douno, Mory, Mamady Kobele Keita,, Morales, Ariadna E. & Frick, Winifred F., 2021, A new dichromatic species of Myotis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from the Nimba Mountains, Guinea, pp. 1-37 in American Museum Novitates 3963 on page 4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.443805
FIGURE 10 in A new dichromatic species of Myotis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from the Nimba Mountains, Guinea
No full textFIGURE 10. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic reconstruction of subgenus Chrysopteron using an alignment of 634 base pairs of mitochondrial gene cytochrome b. Colored circles at nodes represent support values as bootstrap percentage from maximum likelihood analyses. Support values lower than 50% at shallow nodes are not shown. Tip labels indicate GenBank accession number and locality. Myotis tricolor 1, 2, and 3 and M. welwitschii 1 and 2 are labeled following Patterson et al. (2019).Published as part of Simmons, Nancy B., Flanders, Jon, Fils, Eric Moïse Bakwo, Parker, Guy, Jamison D. Suter,, Bamba, Seinan, Douno, Mory, Mamady Kobele Keita,, Morales, Ariadna E. & Frick, Winifred F., 2021, A new dichromatic species of Myotis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from the Nimba Mountains, Guinea, pp. 1-37 in American Museum Novitates 3963 on page 24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.443805
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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Determining the Drivers of Species and Population Extinction in the Emerging Infectious Disease of Bats, White-Nose Syndrome
Full text linkEmerging infectious diseases pose a key threat to wildlife, and the number of diseaseemergence events is increasing. Despite the importance of disease in wildlifeconservation, understanding the drivers of population and species extinction fromdisease has not been tested in an empirical framework. My research incorporatesempirical and theoretical approaches to understand factors that influence pathogentransmission and disease impacts. Here, we focus on the emerging fungal disease ofbats, white-nose syndrome, which has caused widespread declines in bat populationsacross Eastern North America. Our findings highlight the importance of socialbehavior, microclimate conditions, and seasonality in driving impacts from thisdisease. We also identify a species, the Northern long-eared bat, which is likely to goextinct if rapid management action is not taken. These data provide criticalinformation needed to manage wildlife disease epidemics, enabling managementaction prior to species extinction
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Bacteria isolated from bats inhibit the growth of Pseudogymnoascus destructans, the causative agent of white-nose syndrome
Full text linkEmerging infectious diseases are a key threat to wildlife. Several fungal skin pathogens have recently emerged and caused widespread mortality in vertebrate species, including amphibians, bats, rattlesnakes, and platypus. The importance of the skin microbiome in host-pathogen interactions is increasingly understood to play a large role in determining the course of disease in a host. White-nose syndrome, caused by the fungal skin pathogen Pseudogymnoascus destructans, threatens several hibernating bat species with extinction and there are no known effective treatments. We co-cultured bacteria and P. destructans from the skin microbiome of four bat species to identify bacterial isolates that might inhibit or kill P. destructans. We then conducted two reciprocal challenge experiments in vitro with six candidate bacteria (all in the genus Pseudomonas) that inhibited P. destructans growth across a range of bacterial and fungal concentrations to quantify the effect of these bacteria on the growth of P. destructans. All six Pseudomonas isolates significantly inhibited growth of P. destructans compared to the non-inhibitory control bacteria, and two isolates performed significantly better than others in suppressing P. destructans growth for more than 35 days. In both challenge experiments, the extent of suppression of P. destructans growth was dependent on the concentration of P. destructans and the initial concentration of the bacterial isolate. These results show that bacteria found naturally occurring on bats can inhibit the growth of P. destructans and have promise for development as a biocontrol for bats exposed to white-nose syndrome. In addition, the presence of these bacteria may influence disease outcome among individuals, populations, and species
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