1,720,953 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
CONTROL OF PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS THROUGH THERMAL PROCESSING MODIFICATIONS OF HIGH-STRENGTH LOW-ALLOY STEELS
No full textHY-80 steel was developed by the U.S. Navy and its industrial partners following World War II to address metallurgical problems associated with catastrophic low-temperature brittle fractures of the incumbent hull material at the time. It represented a large step forward in the performance of hull steel alloys at that time, with significant increases in strength and toughness, particularly at low temperatures, while remaining weldable and unsusceptible to stress-corrosion cracking. It is also a versatile alloy system, being able to be produced in both wrought and cast forms, with some limitations. Shipbuilding requires creating large castings with thick sections to withstand the harsh operational conditions, which is challenging due to issues with elemental segregation during solidification and slow heating and cooling rates in thick sections during heattreatments. One purpose of the work described in this thesis was to improve the mechanical properties of HY-80 castings by heat-treatment process modifications by incorporating an intercritical heat treatment with the targeted purposes of stabilizing austenite and limiting grain growth.
Performing intercritical heat treatments on steel requires near complete knowledge of the transformation processes taking place in the alloy during the heat treatment, which are affected by every prior step in the production of a steel ingot, including ingot design, solidification, and other heat treatments. To that end, an experimental investigation on cast HY-80 material was undertaken to measure secondary-dendrite-arm spacing (SDAS) and used in conjunction with Scheil solidifications simulations to create homogenization simulations to achieve more uniform properties. Intercritical heat treatments were carried out on a martensitic HY-80 microstructure created by quenching from the single-phase austenite phase at high temperatures.
To better understand the martensite transformation, a martensite-start temperature, Ms, model for lath, plate, and ϵ martensite was developed by the CALculation of PHAse Diagrams method (CALPHAD) using an open-source steels thermodynamic database, which was also developed for this work. In addition, a novel martensite-type prediction Gaussian process classification (GPC) machine-learning model was developed to increase the accuracy of the Ms model in the numerous instances where the type of martensite is unreported in the literature. The GPC and ϵ martensite models were published for the first time, while the lath- and plate-martensite were updated and published using an open-source steels database vice a closed, proprietary database for the first time. This was necessary because the closed-source databases and commercial software provide limited opportunity for learning the fundamentals of their property models or quantifying their uncertainty.
The transformation of lath martensite to austenite in the intercritical temperature regime of HY-80 was studied using metallography and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), with experimental results being used to calibrate the CALPHAD equilibrium predictions to be more relevant for industrial heat treatments, which was also published for the first time. Quantitative optical metallography with tint etching of the martensite/ferrite phase was coupled with machine learning to measure the phase fractions after long heat treatments. This method can be applied to a variety of materials to increase the industrial applicability of CALPHAD predictions to each material.
The DSC and metallographic results were used to select a short, intercritical heat treatment for HY-80 by replacing an austenitization step with an intercritical step at a temperature near the Ac3 to enrich interlath austenite films, primarily with carbon and nickel, to improve its mechanical properties. Kinetic simulations using Thermo-Calc’s DICTRA and open-source phase-field software were developed and are compared. The phase-field models should be more physically accurate due to the incorporation of gradient-energy effects that help drive microstructures toward equilibrium. Both simulations show that interlath austenite films becomes enriched in austenite-stabilizing elements at the austenite/martensite boundary during short intercritical heat treatments, increasing its local stability against decomposition. This is a novel approach tograin-boundary toughening of lath martensite via local austenite stability of interlath films.
Fully heat treated HY-80 material was characterized by high-energy x-ray diffraction using a monochromatic synchrotron source, which indicated an increase in the volume fraction and a change in the composition of retained austenite from the intercritical heat treatment as compared to the baseline quench-and-tempered microstructure. The mechanical properties were evaluated using quasistatic tensile and instrumented Charpy V-notch impact energy testing at two temperatures. The intercritical heat treatment improved the low-temperature toughness of HY-80 by shifting the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature downwards while maintaining acceptable tensile strength and ductility. An apparent ductility reduction was investigated by examination of the fracture surfaces in a scanning electron microscope, which indicated that microporosity from the casting process was the likely cause. Additional work is needed to optimize the heat treatment and assess its feasibility for thick sections; however, the initial results show promise for at least a subset of HY-80 castings
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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