1,720,955 research outputs found
Evaluation of manometric measures during tongue-hold swallows
No full textPURPOSE: Based on visual inspection, prior research documented increased movement of the posterior pharyngeal wall in healthy volunteers during tongue-hold swallows. This manometric study investigated the immediate effects of the tongue-hold maneuver on pharyngeal peak pressure generation, duration of pressure generation, and pressure slope measurements in healthy volunteers. METHOD: Pharyngeal pressures from 40 young, healthy individuals (mean age = 25.8 years, gender equally distributed) were recorded at 3 locations: oropharynx, hypopharynx, and upper esophageal sphincter (UES), during normal control and tongue-hold swallows. Measures of peak amplitude, duration, and slope of pressure generation were subjected to statistical analysis. RESULTS: Tongue-hold swallows produced lower pharyngeal peak pressure and shorter pharyngeal pressure durations compared to control swallows. Further, tongue-hold swallows produced lower UES relaxation pressures. Between sensors, peak pressure was lower and pressure slopes were steeper in the hypopharynx compared to the oropharynx. Several gender-specific differences were found for pharyngeal peak pressure, pressure duration, and pressure slopes. CONCLUSIONS: Reduced amplitude and duration of pharyngeal peak pressure is likely a result of decreased base of tongue retraction during tongue-hold swallows. Central clinical considerations and future research directions are discussed in this article.Sebastian H. Doeltgen, Ulrike Witte, Freya Gumbley and Maggie-Lee Huckabe
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Clinical Measurement of Pharyngeal Surface Electromyography: Exploratory Research
No full textBackground. Dysphagia diagnosis is limited by our inability to evaluate the underlying neuromuscular pathology of swallowing. A novel approach using pharyngeal surface electromyography (PsEMG) has been reported in the literature. Objective. Three exploratory projects were undertaken to provide data toward the validation of PsEMG as a clinical measure of pharyngeal physiology. The first evaluates laterality of electrode placement in the pharynx. The second and third evaluate PsEMG using a circumferential and unidirectional electrode, respectively, during swallowing maneuvers. Methods. In experiment 1, a catheter housing 3 manometric sensors and 1 bipolar PsEMG electrode was randomly inserted in each nares of 10 participants. Moving jaw radiographs were taken, and the PsEMG electrode was measured in millimeters from midline. In experiments 2 and 3, the catheter was placed in 22 and 40 research participants, respectively. Waveform characteristics were collected during swallowing maneuvers. The 2 experiments differed by type of electrode (circumferential, unidirectional) and swallowing maneuver (noneffortful and effortful swallow; noneffortful, effortful, and tongue-hold swallow). Results. Midline electrode placement occurred on 20% of trials with deviation of up to 14.7 mm on all other trials. Maneuver-specific differences in amplitude were not detected with PsEMG; unacceptable levels of intrasubject and intersubject variability were identified. Temporal relationships of PsEMG and pharyngeal manometric pressure appeared appropriate. The unidirectional electrode revealed a unique bimodal PsEMG pattern that may reflect sequential contraction of muscles of the posterior pharyngeal wall. Conclusions. The current PsEMG design and procedures do not validly measure pharyngeal muscle activity. Recommendations for improved methods are provided.Sebastian H. Doeltgen, Andrea Hofmayer, Freya Gumbley, Ulrike Witte, Catherine Moran, Grant Carroll and Maggie-Lee Huckabe
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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