1,721,124 research outputs found
[Hyponatraemia in patients with neurosurgical disorders: SIADH or cerebral salt wasting syndrome?]
No full textPatients with neurosurgical disorders often present with hyponatraemia. Two mechanisms account for hyponatraemia in these patients: the Syndrome of Inappropriate Secretion of Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) and Cerebral Salt Wasting Syndrome (CSWS). The two entities differ in their volume status. In SIADH, volume is expanded due to ADH-mediated renal water retention, but in CSWS, volume is diminished as a consequence of renal salt wasting, most likely attributable to an increased secretion of Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) and Artrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP). Since it is clinically difficult to distinguish between these two entities, fluid management has to be performed carefully. Salt and fluid replacement appears to be indicated in CSWS, whereas fluid restriction might be the primary approach in patients with SIADH
Im Zerrspiegel. Daniele Gansers Darstellung der Kriege in Kroatien und Bosnien, 1991–1995
No full textArktische Kohle. Das sowjetische Engagement auf Spitzbergen, 1928-1949
No full textTo diversify the USSR’s energy supply, a major objective of the Stalinist command economy, Soviet workers were sent to Norway’s Svalbard (Spitzbergen) archipelago in 1931 to mine coal. Drawing on archival materials, this paper discusses the complex entanglement this resource extraction meant for Moscow, the Kola Peninsula, and Svalbard. The archipelago was by no means an Arctic sideshow: miners flooded the streets of Murmansk, in far northwest Russia, awaiting their departure to the archipelago, and Svalbard coal fueled the furnaces of the Kola Peninsula Murmansk is located on. Officials in distant Moscow tried to regulate the oft-problematic circulation of coal and workers, in the process reconfiguring the understanding of how coal and miners were interrelated both technically and socially. In 1946, matters reversed due to changed geopolitical objectives. Rather than having miners dig coal to be sent to Russia, the war-ravaged mines were rebuilt; now workers were sent to Svalbard in order to strengthen Soviet claims on the territory
Archipelagos of Warmth. Soviet Mining on Svalbard and the Challenge of Arctic Cold
No full textWhen Soviet workers arrived on the Norwegian island of Svalbard in 1931, their main task was to mine coal for the burgeoning industries in the USSR’s northwest. However, much more basic human needs characterized the mining operation on site: The Svalbard workers suffered from their ill-prepared arrival in an area of extreme cold. The opposition of body heat and Arctic cold soon became a matter of life and death.
Drawing on Soviet archival material and published sources, the paper analyzes how different historical actors navigated within the tension field of polar coldness and body heat. The mining company Arktikugol’s success as well as the 1500–2000 workers’ living conditions depended on their resourceful interaction with the Arctic environment. Under Norwegian jurisdiction, watchtowers and fences could not keep the miners in check as they often did in the Soviet Arctic. Unsurprisingly, the workers soon resorted to remigration to the Soviet mainland as a tactic of changing their thermal surrounding. Arktikugol’ in turn established ‘archipelagos of warmth’ on Svalbard and financial incentives to avoid its collapse: Banyas and greenhouses, special clothing and swimming pools, even the reward of holidays in faraway spa towns aimed at keeping the workers in place.
The paper studies how regimes of warmth and cold were designed to reduce work conflicts and aimed at convincing miners to stay on the island for longer periods. Furthermore, it shows how the environmental factor of coldness in combination with Norwegian jurisdiction forced Soviet administrators to refrain from head-on repression and employ, among others, also thermal approaches to stabilize the workforce
Tagungsbericht: 6. Deutsch-Schweizerischer Studientag für Osteuropäische Geschichte, 03.05.2018 – 04.05.2018 Wiesneck
Get PDFPolyarteritis Nodosa – eine verschwindende Erkrankung dank Identifikation der Hauptursache
No full textThe polyarteritis nodosa is a vasculitis for which the main cause had been identified as hepatitis B, a chronic infectious disease inducing an overshooting immune reaction. Thanks to this discovery, the treatment of polyarteritis nodosa has changed from a symptomatic immunosuppressive therapy to a treatment strategy focusing on the disease inducing infectious agent. Vaccination against hepatitis B- virus has been instrumental in the reduction of the prevalence of polyarteritis nodosa. In case of the rare entity of polyarteritis nodosa without hepatitis B, only a symptomatic immunosuppressive therapy can be prescribed. The history of polyarteritis nodosa clearly illustrates that future research in the field of so called autoimmune diseases should focus on the causes rather than on the immunologic effector mechanisms and/or the symptomatic immunosuppressive therapy.Die Polyarteritis Nodosa ist eine Vaskulitis, bei der die Hauptursache, die Hepatitis B, die zur überschießenden Immunantwort führt, identifiziert werden konnte. Diese Entdeckung führte von einer symptomatischen immunsuppressiven Therapie weg zu einem kausalen Vorgehen. Dank Impfung gegen Hepatitis B wurde die Häufigkeit dieser Erkrankung reduziert. Tritt die Polyarteritis Nodosa unabhängig von einer Hepatitis B auf, was selten ist, so bleibt lediglich der Versuch einer symptomatischen immunsuppressiven Therapie. Die Geschichte der Polyarteritis Nodosa illustriert, dass bei sogenannten Autoimmunerkrankungen in Zukunft der Fokus auf die Ursachen und nicht auf die immunologischen Effektormechanismen oder die symptomatische Therapie gelegt werden sollte
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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