1,276 research outputs found
nikitin_online_appendix – Supplemental material for Who Cares? Effects of Social Approach and Avoidance Motivation on Responsiveness to Others
No full textSupplemental material, nikitin_online_appendix for Who Cares? Effects of Social Approach and Avoidance Motivation on Responsiveness to Others by Jana Nikitin and Alexandra M. Freund in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin</p
Predicting the use of a COVID‐19 contact tracing application: A study across two points of measurements
Full text linkContact tracing mobile applications (apps) were important in combating the COVID-19 pandemic. Most previous studies predicting contact tracing app use were cross-sectional and not theory-based. This study aimed at contributing to a better understanding of app use intentions and app use by applying an extended version of the protection motivation theory across two measurement points while accounting for the development of the pandemic. A total of N = 1525 participants from Switzerland (Mage = 53.70, SD = 18.73; 47% female; n = 270 completed both assessments) reported on risk perceptions, response efficacy, self-efficacy, social norms, trust in government, trust in the healthcare system, active search of COVID-19-related information, intentions for and actual (self-reported) app use. Analyses included country-specific incidences and death toll. Increases in response-efficacy, self-efficacy, trust in government, and the active search of COVID-19-related information predicted increased app-use intentions. Increases in self-efficacy, intentions, and the active search of COVID-19-related information predicted increased self-reported app use. Risk perceptions, incidence, and death toll were unrelated to both outcomes. Across an aggravation of the pandemic situation, intentions for and app use were primarily related to response-efficacy, self-efficacy, trust in government, and the active search of COVID-19-related information
Does Medical Risk Perception and Risk Taking Change with Age?
Full text linkAcross adulthood, people face increasingly more risky medical problems and decisions. However, little is known about changes in medical risk taking across adulthood. Therefore, the current cross‐sectional study investigated age‐related differences in medical risk taking with N = 317 adults aged 20–77 years using newly developed scenarios to assess medical risk taking, and additional measures designed to evaluate risk‐taking behavior in the medical domain. Greater expected benefits on the Domain‐Specific Risk‐Taking Scale—Medical (DOSPERT‐M) predicted more active risk taking, whereas higher perceived risk predicted less active risk taking. Next, we examined differences in active and passive risk taking, where passive risk taking refers to risk taking that is associated with inaction. Age was associated with less passive risk taking, but not with active risk taking, risk perception, or expected benefits on the DOSPERT‐M. Participants were overall more likely to opt for taking medical action than not, even more so for a scenario about a vaccine for a deadly flu than for a scenario about a chemotherapy treatment for cancer. Overall, participants were more likely to accept medication (vaccine or chemotherapy) for their child than for themselves. Increasing age was associated with a lower likelihood of accepting the treatment or vaccine for oneself. Taken together, our study provides important insights about changes in medical risk taking across adulthood when people face an increasing number of complex and risky medical decisions
Reaping the Benefits and Avoiding the Risks: Unrealistic Optimism in the Health Domain
Full text linkPeople's perceptions of benefits and risks play a key role in their acceptance or rejection of medical interventions, yet these perceptions may be poorly calibrated. This online study with N = 373 adults aged 19-76 years focused on unrealistic optimism in the health domain. Participants indicated how likely they were to experience benefits and risks associated with medical conditions and completed objective and subjective numeracy scales. Participants exhibited optimistic views about the likelihood of experiencing the benefits and the side effects of treatment options described in the scenarios. Objective and subjective numeracy were not associated with more accurate ratings. Moreover, participants' underestimation of the risks was significantly greater than their overestimation of the benefits. From an applied perspective, these results suggest that clinicians may need to ensure that patients do not underestimate risks of medical interventions, and that they convey realistic expectations about the benefits that can be obtained with certain procedures
Motivational shifts in aging monkeys and the origins of social selectivity
No full textAs humans age, they become more selective regarding their personal goals [1] and social partners [2]. Whereas the selectivity in goals has been attributed to losses in resources (e.g., physical strength) [3], the increasing focus on emotionally meaningful partners is, according to socioemotional selectivity theory, driven by the awareness of one's decreasing future lifetime [2]. Similar to humans, aging monkeys show physical losses [4] and reductions in social activity [2, 5-7]. To disentangle a general resource loss and the awareness of decreasing time, we combined field experiments with behavioral observations in a large age-heterogeneous population of Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus) at La Forêt des Singes. Novel object tests revealed a loss of interest in the nonsocial environment in early adulthood, which was modulated by the availability of a food reward. Experiments using vocal and visual representations of social partners indicated that monkeys maintained an interest in social stimuli and a preferential interest in friends and socially important individuals into old age. Old females engaged in fewer social interactions, although other group members continued to invest in relationships with them. Consequently, reductions in sociality were not due to a decrease in social interest. In conclusion, some of the motivational shifts observed in aging humans, particularly the increasing focus on social over nonsocial stimuli, may occur in the absence of a limited time perspective and are most likely deeply rooted in primate evolution. Our findings highlight the value of nonhuman primates as valuable models for understanding human aging [8, 9
Adult-Age Differences in Remembering Gain- and Loss-Related Intentions
No full textProtocol registration for the stage-1 manuscript (with in principle acceptance):
Horn, S., & Freund, A. M. (2020). [Stage-1 Registered Report, in principle acceptance]: Adult-Age Differences in Remembering Gain- and Loss-Related Intentions. Cognition and Emotion
How Do Gain and Loss Incentives Affect Memory for Intentions Across Adulthood?
No full textHorn, S., & Freund, A. M. (2020). How Do Gain and Loss Incentives Affect Memory for Intentions
Across Adulthood?
The Journals of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences.
Online Supplemental Material and Data from Study 1 and Study 2
Adult Age Differences in Monetary Decisions with Real and Hypothetical Reward
No full textAdult Age Differences in Monetary Decisions with Real and Hypothetical Reward
For the open access article, please see:
Horn, S., & Freund, A. M. (2021). Adult age differences in monetary decisions with real and hypothetical reward. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making. https://doi.org/10.1002/bdm.225
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