1,720,965 research outputs found
Underlying Psychological Processes of Situational Judgment Tests: Towards a Theory-Driven Integration of Person-Situation Interactions
Full text linkIn recent years, more and more psychological assessments aimed at capturing interactions between the person and situations. Situational Judgment Tests (SJTs) are built on a similar premise, as they were designed as low-fidelity simulations of situations. These tests incorporate short situation descriptions with several behavioral response options. However, the validity and underlying psychological processes of SJTs generally remained subject to debate as a growing body of research suggested that SJTs may reflect context-independent measures. Within this debate, other scholars argued in favor of the relevance of person-situation processes for SJT responses. So far, sufficient evidence that unravels the true underlying processes of SJTs is missing. This dissertation aims at closing this gap and at contributing to a deeper understanding of SJTs as psychological as-sessment methods. Four empirical research papers provide theory-driven insights on context-independent and person-situation processes as potential determinants of SJT responses. First, the construct-related validity of Implicit Trait Policies is examined and therefore the notion of SJTs as context-independent measures. Next, situation construal (i.e., the perception of situations), and processes postulated by Trait Activation Theory are considered as relevant theoretical underpinnings for SJTs. Results overall supported the relevance of person-situation interactions as underlying processes and particularly challenged SJTs as measures of Implicit Trait Policies. Especially situation construal explained SJT responses consistently across three studies. However, the results also showed that not situation descriptions but response options were often crucial for relevant person-situation processes as captured in SJT response. This lack of impact of situation descriptions also potentially limited the explanatory power of Trait Activation Theory in the context of SJT items. The results are discussed in regard to the debate about underlying processes of SJT responses. All in all, these studies raise the question whether key design features of common SJTs (i.e. situation descriptions and response options) are optimally developed for the assessment of person-situation interactions. The final paper of this dissertation introduces Standardized State Assessment as narrower and theory-driven methodological framework for the assessment of psychological states in hypothetical situations. Limitations of this dissertation, as well as implications for research and practice of psychological assessments based on situation descriptions are discussed.Die Berücksichtigung psychologischer Prozesse, die die Interaktion zwischen Personeneigenschaften und Situationen widerspiegeln, hat in den letzten Jahren für die psychologische Diagnostik an Bedeutung gewonnen. Dieser Prozess zeigt sich auch in Situational Judgment Tests (SJTs), die ursprünglich als simulationsbasiertes Verfahren entwickelt wurden. Diese Tests enthalten kurze Situationsbeschreibungen und mehrere verhaltensbasierte Antwortoptionen. Die Validität und die zugrundeliegenden psychologischen Prozesse von SJTs sind bislang allerdings nicht abschließend geklärt. Insbesondere neure Studien legen nahe, dass SJTs kontextunabhängige Messungen repräsentieren. Gleichzeitig existieren mehrere Argumente, die für situationsabhängige Prozesse in SJTs sprechen. Bislang fehlen jedoch ausführliche und abschließende Untersuchungen dieser Prozesse. Diese Dissertation möchte diese Lücke schließen und zu einem tieferen Verständnis von SJTs als Methode der psychologischen Diagnostik beitragen. Anhand von vier empirischen Artikeln werden theoriegeleitete Annahmen über kontext- und situationsabhängige Prozesse, die SJTs zugrunde liegen könnten, untersucht. Zunächst steht die Konstruktvalidität von Implicit Trait Policies im Vordergrund, die als erklärendes Konstrukt für SJTs als kontextunabhängige Messungen vorgebracht wurden. Weiterhin werden die Situationswahrnehmung und zentrale Aspekte der Trait Activation Theory als relevantes theoretisches Gerüst für SJTs untersucht. Die Ergebnisse unterstützen insgesamt die Relevanz situationsabhängiger Prozesse für SJTs und Zweifeln insbesondere an der Validität von Implicit Trait Policies. Vor allem die Situationswahrnehmung von SJT Items konnte das Antwortverhalten konsistent über drei Studien hinweg vorhersagen. Allerdings zeigte sich auch, dass hauptsächlich Antwortoptionen und nicht Situationsbeschreibungen entscheidend für situationsbasierte Prozesse in SJTs sind. Dies könnte auch die fehlende Relevanz der Trait Activation Theory für SJTs erklären. Die Ergebnisse werden im Kontext der Debatte über zugrundeliegende Prozesse von SJTs betrachtet. Insgesamt werfen die Ergebnisse die Frage auf, ob bisherige Konstruktionsweisen von SJTs (d.h. Situationsbeschreibungen und Antwortoptionen) eine optimale Erfassung von Interaktionen zwischen Personeneigenschaften und Situationen ermöglicht. Der letzte Artikel dieser Dissertation schlägt Standardized State Assessment als enger gefasstes und theoriegeleitetes, methodisches Modell für die Messung psychologischer Momentanzustände vor. Einschränkungen dieser Dissertation, sowie auch Konsequenzen für die Anwendung von und Forschung über psychologische Diagnostik mittels Situationsbeschreibungen werden diskutiert
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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