170,421 research outputs found
Frere Hall, Karachi
No full textFrere Hall is a building in Karachi, Pakistan that dates from the early British colonial era in Sindh. Completed in 1865, Frere Hall was originally intended to serve as Karachi's town hall and now serves as an exhibition space and library.
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Interplay between beta-lactamase activity, outer membrane and active efflux system
No full textThe resistance of a Gram-negative bacterial strain to penicillin is determined by the sensitivity of the essential penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), the amount and properties of the produced beta-lactamase(s), the permeability of the outer membrane and the efficiency of the efflux systems. The interplay between the last three mechanisms is discussed with examples stressing the importance of one or several of them in clinical isolates. Mathematical models are presented. In the relatively simple case of Escherichia coli (in which the efflux systems are often negligible when compared to the beta-lactamase activity) the MICs can be predicted on the basis of these models. Similarly, correct MIC predictions could be made for an Enterobacter cloacae strain which overproduced a class C enzyme
A survey of the kinetic parameters of class C β-lactamases. Cephalosporins and other β-lactam compounds
No full textVarious cephalosporins, cefoxitin, moxalactam, imipenem and aztreonam were studied as substrates of six class C β-lactamases. Nitrocefin, cephaloridine, cefazolin, cephalothin and cephalexin were good substrates, with k(cat.) values ranging from 27 to 5000 s-1. Cefuroxime, cefotaxime and cefoxitin exhibited low k(cat.) values (0.010-1.7 s-1) and low K(m) values, which suggested a rate-limiting deacylation. Imipenem and aztreonam were even poorer substrates (k(cat.) 2 x 10-4-3 x 10-2 s-1) and, in the presence of a reporter substrate, behaved as transient inactivators. With moxalactam, biphasic kinetics were observed, indicating a possible rearrangement of the acyl-enzyme
Sir Bartle Frere: Colonial administrator of the Victorian period
No full textThe following thesis aims at discerning the attitudes of Sir Bartle Frere as a guide to British colonial and administrative though during the Victorian Period. By doing this, it becomes possible to ascertain the impact of the administrator on British colonial and foreign policy
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Histoire d'un meurtre execrable : commis par un Hespagnol, nommé Alphonse Dias, chambellan du Pape, en la personne de Jehan Dias son frere. Le 17. de mars. 1546. qui est un bel exemple du zele des Papistes
No full textPar Jean CalvinAdresse identifiée par Peter/GilmontLa p. de t. porte: Matth. 10. Le frere livrera son frere à mortEmpreinte : dear arIe f,is cofa (C) 1546.Signatures : A
Mitomycin C in highly myopic eyes - Author reply
No full textOphthalmology. 2005 Feb;112(2):208-18; discussion 219.
Mitomycin C modulation of corneal wound healing after photorefractive keratectomy in highly myopic eyes.
Gambato C, Ghirlando A, Moretto E, Busato F, Midena E.
SourceRefractive Surgery Service and Antimetabolite Therapy Research Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of topical mitomycin C in corneal wound healing (CWH) after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in highly myopic eyes.
DESIGN: Prospective, double-masked, randomized clinical trial.
PARTICIPANTS: Seventy-two eyes of 36 patients affected by high (>7 diopters) myopia.
METHODS: In each patient, one eye was randomly assigned to PRK with intraoperative topical 0.02% mitomycin C application, and the fellow eye was treated with a placebo. Postoperatively, mitomycin C-treated eyes received artificial tears (3 times daily, tapered in 3 months), whereas the fellow eye was treated with fluorometholone sodium 2% and artificial tears (3 times daily, tapered in 3 months).
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), contrast sensitivity, manifest refraction, and biomicroscopy. Contrast sensitivity was determined using the Pelli-Robson chart. Corneal confocal microscopy documented CWH.
RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 18 months (range, 12-36). No side effects or toxic effects were documented. At 12-month follow-up examination, UCVAs (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) were 0.4+/-0.48 and 0.5+/-0.53 (P = .03) in mitomycin C-treated eyes and corticosteroid-treated eyes, respectively. At 1 year, corneal haze developed in 20% of corticosteroid-treated eyes, versus 0% of mitomycin C-treated eyes. At 12, 24, and 36 months, corneal confocal microscopy showed activated keratocytes and extracellular matrix significantly more evident in untreated eyes (Ps = 0.004, 0.024, and 0.046, respectively).
CONCLUSION: Topical intraoperative application of 0.02% mitomycin C can reduce haze formation in highly myopic eyes undergoing PRK.
Comment in
Ophthalmology. 2006 Feb;113(2):357; author reply 357-8
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Palaeomagnetism of iron-formation from the late Palaeoproterozoic Frere Formation, Earaheedy Basin, Western Australia: palaeogeographic and tectonic implications
No full textOriented cores of unweathered Frere Formation (1.9-1.8Ga), including shaly and peloidal iron-formation, were obtained from two holes drilled to 116m depth on opposite limbs of an anticline in the southern Earaheedy Basin at the northeastern margin of the Yilgarn Craton. Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility measurements indicated that the Frere Formation in this area was unaffected by regional metamorphism. The predominant magnetic mineral in the iron-formation is hematite but a small amount of magnetite also is present in some samples. Stepwise thermal demagnetisation was conducted for 263 specimens. Many specimens acquired spurious components of magnetisation after treatment to 300-500°C, ascribable to the oxidation of siderite to magnetite on heating. However, other specimens displayed a stable, high-temperature (680°C), dual-polarity component A carried by hematite that gave a bedding dip-corrected direction of D=314.3°, I=-24.8° (K=38.5, α95=2.6°, n=78). A fold test was positive at >99% level of confidence, indicating acquisition of remanence prior to Stanley folding in the Earaheedy Basin that occurred at ∼1.78Ga near the end of Capricorn orogenesis. The presence of polarity reversals in the stratigraphic section from one drill hole and within some specimens argues for the identification of a dipole field axis and the sufficient averaging of secular variation to define a palaeopole for the Frere Formation, located at 45.2°S, 220.0°E (dp=1.3°, dm=2.4°). Component A is ascribed to a chemical remanent magnetisation (CRM) acquired soon after deposition, and indicates a palaeolatitude of 13.0±1.5° for the Frere Formation. The Frere pole plots adjacent to, but is still significantly different from, late to post-Capricorn Orogeny overprint poles from the Hamersley Province of the southern Pilbara. However, vertical-axis relative anticlockwise rotation of 10-15deg;for the Frere pole brings it close to these Pilbara overprint poles. The data imply that the Earaheedy Basin and possibly the Yilgarn Craton underwent clockwise rotation of 10-15deg;relative to the Pilbara Craton during Stanley folding. This finding accords with evidence for tectonic settings marked by sinistral strike-slip deformation adjacent to the Yilgarn-Pilbara cratonic boundary during deposition and subsequent folding in the Earaheedy Basin. The data also imply that the West Australian and North Australian cratons were in close proximity by ∼1.8Ga. © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.George E Williams, Phillip W Schmidt, David A Clar
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