1,720,972 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
« Big Data » et industrialisation des neurosciences : une feuille de route raisonnable pour la compréhension du Cerveau ?
No full text“Big Data” and Industrialisation of Neurosciences: a Safe Roadmap for Understanding the Brain? New technologies in neuroscience generate reams of data increasing at an exponential pace and spur the design of very-large data-mining initiatives. Their development has triggered the emergence of coordinated research of unprecedented scale and constitution of massive databases concerning the structure and function of the Brain. In particular, among recent supranational ventures, the European “The Human Brain Project” (HBP), the US consortia (“B. R. A. I. N.” and “The Human Connectome”), the “MindScope” privately-owned Allen Institute, all participate to this worldwide effort. With the help of the GAFAM giants of the Web industry, all flirt with the possibility to achieve, within the next decade(s), full simulation of the Human Brain. This objective, which was considered, up to now, as out of reach, could soon become reality. The epistemological question that I address here focuses on the scientific, strategic and societal underpinnings of this runaway enthusiasm for industrial-scale projects of a novel kind and ambition, at the interface between “wet” (Biology) and “hard” (Statistical Physics, Micro-electronics and Computer Science) sciences. Rather than presenting the achievements and hopes fueled by big-data-driven strategies – already covered in depth in special issues of leading journals -,I deliberately chose to focus on three major issues: 1) is the industrialization of neuroscience the soundest way to achieve significant progress in Brain knowledge? 2) do we have a safe “roadmap”, based on consensual scientific grounds and reasonable expectations? and 3) do these large-scale approaches guarantee reaching a better understanding of the Brain and the relation between neural activity and the emergence of cognition? This “opinion” paper emphasizes the contrast between the accelerating technological development – amplified by the progresses of artificial intelligence – and the relative lack of progress in conceptual and theoretical understanding of the biological Brain. It underlines the risks of building a “techno-science” bubble – driven by uncertain political and economical promises – at the expense of more incremental approaches in fundamental research based on the parallel exploration of a diversity of roadmaps and theory-driven hypotheses. I conclude to: 1) the necessity of identifying current bottlenecks with appropriate sharpness – before launching any form of neuroscience industrialization – and 2) developing novel interdisciplinary tools and strategies specifically designed to handle the complexity of The Brain and increase our knowledge of the biological foundations of mind processes.Les nouvelles technologies en neurosciences génèrent des quantités de données qui croissent à un rythme exponentiel et leur développement a suscité au cours des dernières années la mise en place de recherches coordonnées à très grande échelle et la constitution de bases de données massives sur le Cerveau. Parmi les entreprises de plus grande visibilité au niveau international, le projet européen « The Human Brain Project » (HBP), les consortia américains « B. R. A. I. N. » et « The Human Connectome », le « MindScope » du Allen Institute participent à un effort distribué. Avec l’aide des géants GAFAM de l'industrie du Web, ces initiatives espèrent résoudre les problèmes complexes posés par une simulation complète du Cerveau Humain. Cet objectif, encore considéré comme inaccessible il y a quelques années, pourrait être atteint d'ici une dizaine d'années. La question épistémologique que je souhaite traiter est celle des fondements scientifiques, stratégiques et sociétaux liés à cet enthousiasme effréné pour des projets de recherche d’échelle industrielle sur le Cerveau. La nature de ces initiatives grande échelle est caractérisée par un niveau élevé d'interdisciplinarité, à l'interface entre les sciences conceptuellement « molles » (biologie, neuroscience, psychologie) et les sciences « dures » (physique statistique, microélectronique, informatique et intelligence artificielle), plus contraintes par la reproductibilité de l'expérimentation et le pouvoir prédicteur des théories. Plutôt que de présenter les avancées et les espoirs suscités par une stratégie d'exploration axée sur les « Big Data » – qui fait déjà l’objet d’une couverture intense, aussi bien dans les médias grand public que spécialisées – je centrerai ma revue critique sur trois interrogations principales : 1) L’industrialisation des neurosciences est-elle le moyen le plus raisonnable pour faire progresser de façon substantielle la connaissance du Cerveau ? 2) Avons-nous une « feuille de route » sûre, établie sur un consensus scientifique indiscutable ? 3) La taille industrielle de ces entreprises technico-scientifiques apporte-t-elle la garantie de mieux comprendre la nature de la pensée humaine et la genèse des processus cognitifs par l'activité neuronale ? Cet article d'opinion souligne le contraste entre l'accélération des avancées technologiques amplifiées par les progrès de l'intelligence artificielle et le manque relatif de progrès dans la compréhension conceptuelle et théorique du Cerveau biologique. Il souligne le risque que le développement scientifique subisse les effets pervers d'une « bulle technologique » alimentée par des promesses politiques et économiques de valeur scientifique incertaine, aux dépens d'approches plus progressives en recherche fondamentale, basées sur l'exploration parallèle et non exclusive d'une diversité de feuilles de route et d'hypothèses théoriques. Je conclus à la nécessité d'identifier les points de blocage dans l'industrialisation des neurosciences avec une acuité suffisante avant de développer des outils innovants et des stratégies interdisciplinaires à grande échelle spécifiquement adaptés à l'étude de la complexité du Cerveau et la compréhension des fondements biologiques des processus mentaux.Fregnac Yves. « Big Data » et industrialisation des neurosciences : une feuille de route raisonnable pour la compréhension du Cerveau ?. In: Intellectica. Revue de l'Association pour la Recherche Cognitive, n°69, 2018/1-2. Les Neurosciences au sein des Sciences de la Cognition entre Neuroenthousiasme et Neuroscepticisme. pp. 201-236
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Diversité fonctionnelle de l'intégration synaptique dans le cortex visuel primaire
No full textPARIS-BIUSJ-Thèses (751052125) / SudocPARIS-BIUSJ-Physique recherche (751052113) / SudocSudocFranceF
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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