3,946 research outputs found
David Freeman Hawke : Paine. 1974 Samuel Edwards : Rebel : A biography of Tom Paine. 1974
No full textMorton Brian. David Freeman Hawke : Paine. 1974 Samuel Edwards : Rebel : A biography of Tom Paine. 1974. In: Dix-huitième Siècle, n°8, 1976. Les Jésuites. p. 471
A child-centred exploration of the relevance of family and friends to theory of mind development
Get PDFThis is the author's accepted manuscript. The final published article is available from the link below. Copyright @ 2011 The Authors.Theory of Mind (ToM) is said to develop at around 4 years old. But some studies suggest it develops considerably earlier than this, with others suggesting it develops much later. Although several recent studies have found that social factors (like gender, family size, number of siblings, and number of friends) can impact on ToM, other studies contradict those findings. We wondered whether addressing several procedural issues and ensuring the task concerns real protagonists in real time, would bear on the above issues. Here, 114 children of 3–6 years completed four ToM tasks incorporating controls from experimental psychology, including randomly varying the order of ToM and non-ToM questions across participants. Now, children passed ToM tasks from around 5 years old, rather than 4 years or earlier. Girls did not develop ToM any earlier than boys. There was clear correlational evidence for the older-sibling effect and effects of friends but no reliable effects of nuclear or extended family. However, when these factors were set in the context of one another, the sibling effect was driven by a negative influence from younger siblings (as opposed to older siblings) and the friends effect was driven by friends at school (as opposed to friends at home). Finally, “friends” was a stronger predictor than siblings but memory (a cognitive factor) and age (a maturational factor) were the strongest predictors of all
sj-docx-1-dsp-10.1177_20503245231168392 - Supplemental material for Impact of the introduction of medical cannabis in the UK on risk perception and recreational use of cannabis: A longitudinal and cross-sectional analysis
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-dsp-10.1177_20503245231168392 for Impact of the introduction of medical cannabis in the UK on risk perception and recreational use of cannabis: A longitudinal and cross-sectional analysis by Jon Waldron, Meryem Grabski, Tom P Freeman, Margriet van Laar and H Valerie Curran in Drug Science, Policy and Law</p
Children's classics translated from English under Franco: the censorship of the William books and the Adventures of Tom Sawyer.
No full textPhDThe thesis documents the censorship histories of Mark Twain's The Adventures of Tom
Sawyer and Richmal Crompton's William books under Franco, and analyses these
censorship histories in terms of the changing character of the regime. Previously
unconsulted primary sources are used, such as censors' reports and translation proofs
held in the Archivo General de la Administración del Estado at Alcalá de Henares.
The censors' reports demonstrate that children's literature and translated literature were
treated as special cases by the regime, and that censorship was particularly harsh in
both areas. These findings demonstrate the crucial importance of attitudes to childhood
and foreignness in the Francoist ideological scheme.
The censorship histories of Tom Sawyer and the William books reveal some
surprising facts. The William books began to be persecuted by the censors in late
1942, precisely the moment when the regime was seeking a rapprochement with the
Allied powers as the course of the War turned in the latter's favour. This prohibition
cannot be understood without exploring the factors which differentiate children's
literature from adult literature in the context of Francoism. The books' peculiarly
English character also had a vital bearing on how they were censored.
The history of Tom Sawyer in Spain demonstrates the effect of literary status
on censorship practice. Early in the regime, the censors generally considered Tom
Sawyer to be a work for adults. From the mid-1950s, however, children's literature was
inscribed as a special category in censorship legislation, and the censors began to view
editions of the work as specifically intended for children. Tom Sawyer thus
encountered censorship problems in the later years of the regime, supposedly more
liberal than the earlier period. Again, these problems would be inexplicable without
examining the evolution of the publishing industry and Francoist attitudes to literature
and the child.
The thesis also provides a detailed analysis of the type of suppressions imposed
on the books studied, under the following headings: religion; love, sexuality and
gender; authority and politics, nation and race; crime, terror and violence
Defining a role for exercise training in the management of asthma
No full textThe prevalence of asthma remains high worldwide, with increasing awareness of the morbidity and mortality from asthma in low-income countries. In the UK, despite the development of biological treatments, many patients remain suboptimally controlled, and mortality rates have been static for decades. Therefore, new approaches are needed to treat asthma that are scalable at minimal cost. Exercise immunology is an expanding field, and there is growing evidence that exercise can modulate inflammatory and immune processes in asthma. Whilst exercise is encouraged in current treatment guidelines, there are no specific recommendations as to the intensity, frequency or duration of exercise exposure. Despite national and international guidance to increase exercise, patients with asthma are less likely to engage in physical activity. This review explores the disease modifying benefit of exercise in asthma. We also review the domains in which exercise exerts positive clinical effects in asthma, including the effects of exercise on symptom scores, quality of life, psychosocial health, and in the obese asthma phenotype. Finally, we review the barriers to exercise in asthma, given the benefits it confers. A better understanding of the mechanisms through which exercise exerts its positive effects in asthma may provide more accurate prescription of exercise training programmes as part of broader asthma management, with the potential of identification of new drug targets.</p
Evidence around the impact of pulmonary rehabilitation and exercise on redox status in COPD: a systematic review
No full textIntroduction: oxidative stress is increasingly recognized as a significant factor in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Pulmonary rehabilitation, a major component of which is prescribed exercise, is essential in COPD care. Regular exercise has been proposed to increase antioxidant defenses and overall enhance the ability of the body to counteract oxidative stress. However, the mechanisms through which it improves COPD outcomes remain unclear. Objectives: we aimed to appraise the current evidence around the impact of pulmonary rehabilitation on redox status, compared with other exercise interventions, to gain an understanding of optimal exercise interventions to modify this pathophysiological mechanism. Methods: we performed a systematic review through searching CENTRAL, MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Results were independently reviewed and relevant studies were selected by two independent assessors. Studies were assessed by two independent people using the modified RoB 2 tool and discrepancies were resolved through discussion. Results: we identified 1,710 records and 1,117 records after duplicate removal. Six studies were included in the final analysis. The evidence available was low quality and four studies had high risk of bias and two studies had unclear risk of bias. Studies were small (15-56 participants); only two included details of randomization and patient cohorts were of varying ages and poorly described. Differences in smoking status and previous exercise levels, which are known to impact redox status, were not well documented. Studies were not standardized and used different exercise doses and measured different outcomes. One study reported lower malondialdehyde levels, a marker of lipid peroxidation, after pulmonary rehabilitation, compared with control. However, one study saw no difference following whole-body vibration training and another study showed higher malondialdehyde levels following supervised modified arm swing exercise compared with control. Conclusion: understanding the impact of exercise on oxidative stress in COPD could lead to tailored exercise programs and modification of pathological mechanisms. However, we identify a lack of high-quality evidence to determine this. Larger, standardized, and high quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are essential, which use carefully clinically characterized and controlled cohorts to determine the relative impact of different exercise interventions on redox status to guide COPD management. We propose an idealized RCT design, which could be used to try and meet this need.</p
Supplementary_Material_841568 – Supplemental material for Dissociable effects of cannabis with and without cannabidiol on the human brain’s resting-state functional connectivity
No full textSupplemental material, Supplementary_Material_841568 for Dissociable effects of cannabis with and without cannabidiol on the human brain’s resting-state functional connectivity by Matthew B Wall, Rebecca Pope, Tom P Freeman, Oliwia S Kowalczyk, Lysia Demetriou, Claire Mokrysz, Chandni Hindocha, Will Lawn, Michael AP Bloomfield, Abigail M Freeman, Amanda Feilding, David J Nutt and H Valerie Curran in Journal of Psychopharmacology</p
Discrimination contours for moving sounds (freeman et al)
No full text<p>raw data for </p>
<p>Discrimination contours for moving sounds reveal duration and distance cues dominate auditory speed perception</p>
<p>published in PLoS One</p
Design and testing of a thick-film dual-modality sensor for composition measurements in heterogeneous mixtures
No full textThe current paper focuses on design and laboratory evaluation of a dual-modality sensor, developed for the needs of oil and gas extraction industry to measure the composition of heterogeneous mixtures in harsh conditions. The sensor combines ultrasonic and electrical measurement techniques, which are non-destructive, rapid and can potentially provide an on-line industrial measurement. Such a ‘dual-modality’ measurement could potentially be reliable in a wider range of process conditions. A distinct feature of the sensors presented here is their construction, which makes use of the thick-film technology, enabling the construction of multi-layered structures of both conductive and non-conductive layers, some of which may exhibit piezoelectric properties for ultrasonic measurement purposes. These are later fired on a ceramic substrate to provide rugged sensors, capable of working in aggressive industrial environments. Laboratory experiments to investigate the feasibility of the dual-modality sensors were conducted and some comparisons with the theoretical predictions are presented
Design, fabrication and performance of the 10-in TOM HPD
No full textThe first sealed TOM Hybrid Photon Detector (HPD) with 10-in. diameter has been fabricated and successfully tested at CERN. This HPD has a spherical entrance window and a bialkali photocathode. The fountain focusing optics produces a demagnified image (D = 4) on the round segmented silicon sensor. The signals of the 2048 cells are read out through analog front-end electronics encapsulated in the vacuum envelope. We report on the design, fabrication technique and the experimental results obtained with laboratory test benches. The large TOM HPD is a prototype tube developed for the CLUE cosmic ray experiment. The final tubes, now under development, will be equipped with a solar-blind Rb//2Te photocathode and self triggering front-end electronics
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