28,944 research outputs found
Commentary on session II: The politics of migration and trade
No full textSummary and discussion of the two papers in this session: "U.S.-Mexican migration cooperation: obstacles and opportunities" by Marc R. Rosenblum; "Political implications of U.S. public attitudes toward immigration on the immigration policymaking process" by Valerie F. HuntEmigration and immigration ; International trade ; Public policy
MARC 21 para recursos contínuos
No full textTranslation and adaptation of the MARC 21 Format for Bibliographic Data, and MARC 21 Format for Holdings Data, Network Development and MARC Standards Office, Library of Congress, USA, by Angela Salles. Rio de Janeiro, 2010. 2 v. V.1 MARC 21 format for bibliographic data (updated until October 2010). V.2 MARC 21 format for data collection (Holdings) (updated until October 2008)
MARC 21 para recursos contínuos.
No full textTradução e adaptação de MARC 21 Format for Bibliographic Data e MARC 21 Format for Holdings Data, da Network Development and MARC Standards Office, da Library of Congress, USA, por Angela Salles
Drosophila Central Nervous System Glia
No full textMolecular genetic approaches in small model organisms like Drosophila have helped to elucidate fundamental principles of neuronal cell biology. Much less is understood about glial cells, although interest in using invertebrate preparations to define their in vivo functions has increased significantly in recent years. This review focuses on our current understanding of the three major neuron-associated glial cell types found in the Drosophila central nervous system (CNS)-astrocytes, cortex glia, and ensheathing glia. Together, these cells act like mammalian astrocytes: they surround neuronal cell bodies and proximal neurites, are coupled to the vasculature, and associate closely with synapses. Exciting recent work has shown essential roles for these CNS glial cells in neural circuit formation, function, plasticity, and pathology. As we gain a more firm molecular and cellular understanding of how Drosophila CNS glial cells interact with neurons, it is becoming clear they share significant molecular and functional attributes with mammalian astrocytes
Glial control of synaptogenesis
No full textThough all communication between neurons occurs through synapses, we know surprisingly little about the mechanisms inducing their formation. In this issue of Cell, Barres and colleagues (Christopherson et al., 2005) demonstrate that glial-derived thrombospondins and additional soluble glial-secreted factors regulate synapse assembly and functional maturation
Specification and morphogenesis of astrocytes
No full textAstrocytes are the most abundant cell type in the mammalian brain. Interest in astrocyte function has increased dramatically in recent years because of their newly discovered roles in synapse formation, maturation, efficacy, and plasticity. However, our understanding of astrocyte development has lagged behind that of other brain cell types. We do not know the molecular mechanism by which astrocytes are specified, how they grow to assume their complex morphologies, and how they interact with and sculpt developing neuronal circuits. Recent work has provided a basic understanding of how intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms govern the production of astrocytes from precursor cells and the generation of astrocyte diversity. Moreover, new studies of astrocyte morphology have revealed that mature astrocytes are extraordinarily complex, interact with many thousands of synapses, and tile with other astrocytes to occupy unique spatial domains in the brain. A major challenge for the field is to understand how astrocytes talk to each other, and to neurons, during development to establish appropriate astrocytic and neuronal network architectures
Sculpting the nervous system: glial control of neuronal development
No full textGlial cells are not passive spectators during nervous system assembly, rather they are active participants that exert significant control over neuronal development. Well-established roles for glia in shaping the developing nervous system include providing trophic support to neurons, modulating axon pathfinding, and driving nerve fasciculation. Exciting recent studies have revealed additional ways in which glial cells also modulate neurodevelopment. Glial cells regulate the number of neurons at early developmental stages by dynamically influencing neural precursor divisions, and at later stages by promoting neuronal cell death through engulfment. Glia also participate in the fine sculpting of neuronal connections by pruning excess axonal projections, shaping dendritic spines, and secreting multiple factors that promote synapse formation and functional maturation. These recent insights provide further compelling evidence that glial cells, through their diverse cellular actions, are essential contributors to the construction of a functionally mature nervous system
A look inside
No full textIntroduction to a Neuron Glia Biology special issue on invertebrate glial biology
Glial (and neuronal) cells missing
No full textThe Glial cells missing transcription factor is necessary and sufficient to induce glial-cell fates in the Drosophila embryonic nervous system. A study by Chotard et al. in this issue of Neuron reveals that this "master regulator" of glial cell fate specification is also required (gasp!) to generate neurons
Marc Jacobs Unseen
No full textMarc Jacobs Unseen is ‘the first publication dedicated to Marc Jacobs’s highly influential creations’*, described by The Observer as ‘a rare insight’ and Vogue as ‘a real revelation’. The particular focus of this critical appraisal is the personal archive (a recurring feature in Webb’s practice), notably those of the subject (Marc Jacobs), the photographer (Robert Fairer), and the author (Webb). The genesis of the text for this sole-authored book that accompanies new primary material in the form of Fairer’s previously unseen backstage images, is research from Webb’s own archive, amassed over four decades during his career at the forefront of the fashion industry, and represents a culmination of the author’s commitment to the promotion of the importance of the archive as material culture, as methodology and as providing an individual insight into creative thinking. The text takes the form of painstakingly assembled commentaries, each presenting a study of specific collections, highlighting particular garments and ensembles along with an analysis of environment and staging. ‘Working with Iain R. Webb…was illuminating,’ says Fairer. Jacobs Unseen is a valuable and illuminating analysis for both colleagues and students, especially those working in areas of fashion design, journalism and visual communication
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