2,518 research outputs found
ALT-C 2011 Abstracts
No full textThis is a PDF of the abstracts for all the sessions at the 2011 ALT conference. It is designed to be used alongside the online version of the conference programme. It was made public on 1 September, with a "topped and tailed" made live on 2 September
Frederick W. Alt und David G. Schatz werden mit dem Paul Ehrlich- und Ludwig Darmstaedter-Preis 2023 ausgezeichnet
No full textDie Immunologen Frederick W. Alt (73) von der Harvard Medical School und David G. Schatz (64) von der Yale Medical School erhalten den Paul Ehrlich- und Ludwig Darmstaedter-Preis 2023. Das gab der Stiftungsrat der Paul Ehrlich-Stiftung am 20. September bekannt. Die beiden Forscher werden für die Entdeckung von Molekülen und Mechanismen ausgezeichnet, die unser Immunsystem zu der erstaunlichen Leistung befähigen, Milliarden verschiedener Antigene schon beim ersten Kontakt zu erkennen. Die Preise werden am 14. März 2023 um 17 Uhr vom Vorsitzenden des Stiftungsrates der Paul Ehrlich-Stiftung in der Frankfurter Paulskirche verliehen
Front
No full textLeishman’s work “Front” is a pre-programmed Facebook parody that addresses the major issues of social media – privacy and voyeurism. Front’s interface whilst mimicking the immersive, interaction rich promise of social media, instead reminds us of where the power structures lie, and what is often freely given up by the user/viewer.
Originally launched as an installation as part of the New Media Scotland: Alt-W showcase exhibition in 2014 for the Edinburgh Art Festival. Venue: Evolution House, Aug 1st - Sat 30 Aug. The project has also been peer selected for 'Interventions: Engaging the Body Politic.' Venue: the cultural centre USF Verftet, Georgernes Verft 12, 5011 BERGEN, Norway. This exhibition was part of the Electronic Literature Organization 2015: The End(s) of Electronic Literature. Aug 4th - 7th 2015
Evolution of the Humoral Response during HCV Infection
No full textSimilar to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1, vaccine-induced elicitation of broadly neutralizing (bNt) antibodies (Abs) is gaining traction as a key goal toward the eradication of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) pandemic. Previously, the significance of the Ab response against HCV was underappreciated given the prevailing evidence advancing the role of the cellular immune response in clearance and overall control of the infection. However, recent findings have driven growing interest in the humoral arm of the immune response and in particular the role of bNt responses due to their ability to confer protective immunity upon passive transfer in animal models. Nevertheless, the origin and development of bNt Abs is poorly understood and their occurrence is rare as well as delayed with emergence only observed in the chronic phase of infection. In this review, we characterize the interplay between the host immune response and HCV as it progresses from the acute to chronic phase of infection. In addition, we place these events in the context of current hypotheses on the origin of bNt Abs against the HIV-1, whose humoral immune response is better characterized. Based on the increasing significance of the humoral immune response against HCV, characterization of these events may be critical in understanding the development of the bNt responses and, thus, provide strategies toward effective vaccine desig
Teoria, nostalgia, alt-right: amerykańska Austen w XXI wieku
No full textIn July 2017, some American scholars accused alt-right groups of appropriating Jane Austen’s works for extreme-right propaganda. How could Austen’s texts – an author associated with the beginnings of feminism – be used by blatant misogynists? This clash of perceptions reveals a dispute between Austen’s broad reception as classically romantic romances and a whole range of narrow theoretical academic readings. In the analysis of this dispute, the paper outlines long-lasting threads of Austen’s interpretation in AngloAmerican culture, whose ideological reconstruction of the last few decades clashes with a nostalgia for imperial order
On the Benthic Invertebrate Megafauna at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, in the Vicinity of the Charlie-Gibbs Fracture Zone
No full textLittle is known about the fauna that inhabits non-chemosynthetic environments associated with mid-ocean ridges. This thesis investigates a ridge and fracture zone system to assess its influence as a barrier to faunal dispersal, and as a unique bathyal habitat. It also describes the ecology of megabenthic communities inhabiting a ridge. Sites were chosen on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge in the vicinity of the Charlie-Gibbs Fracture Zone, at a target depth of 2,500 m. Four superstations were chosen north and south of the Fracture Zone, on either side of the ridge. Different productivity levels and hydrographic features were characteristic for the northern and southern sites. In order to characterise the benthic megafauna 50 ha were trawled and 32,000 m2 of seafloor were sampled with HD video footage, targeting both flat and 10 ? sloped habitats. Holothurians were the most abundant megafauna. In order to assess their evolutionary relationship 43 holothurian specimens were genetically studied by modelling five of their genes (16S, 18S, 28S, COI, H3) in a phylogenetic analysis. All four sites exhibited noticeably different faunal characteristics. The biomass was highest at the SE, and lowest at the NW site. Body sizes differed between sites for most taxa, that were sufficient in numbers to be compared between sites, most likely as a result of different adaptations to food supply. Differences in species richness were observed between the sampling methods, with the highest richness at the SE site in trawl samples, and highest at the NW and SW sites in the video survey. Species densities were highest at the northern sites with both methods. Differences in diversity were also observed, with trawl samples providing a higher taxonomic resolution than the video survey and showing highest diversity at the SE site and lowest at the NE site. Community composition was significantly different between sites. Variations in the composition of megabenthic assemblages were observed between flat and 10 ? sloped habitats, although the effect of slope appears to be site dependent. The genetic analyses revealed a close relationship between individuals from different families. The extent to which the Ridge acts as a faunal barrier was unclear as the southern sites lacked an obvious difference in community composition. Faunal differences to the north and south of the Fracture Zone, however, suggest that this feature is a barrier to dispersal. The contrasting megafaunal assemblages of the sites probably reflect a combination of environmental drivers including sediment type, phytodetrital quality, hydrography, and habitat complexity
Modulation of humoral immunity by γδ T cells: a potential adjuvant strategy for vaccination
No full textVaccination is arguably the most effective intervention in reducing the impact of infectious diseases. However, many vaccines provide only partial or transient protection, prompting the need for more effective solutions based on our growing understanding of the pivotal role of CD4+ T follicular helper (Tfh) cells in humoral immunity and how they interact with B cells. Here we review how γδ T cells can boost antibody responses via crosstalk with both Tfh and B cells, which could lead to new adjuvant strategies to improve vaccination efficacy, achieve long-lasting protective immunity and prevent major infectious diseases of global importance
Abstract B37: PARP inhibitor olaparib induces genomic instability in normal mammalian cells
No full textAbstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) are the first proteins involved in cellular DNA damage response pathways to be targeted by specific inhibitors for clinical benefit. Tumors with defects in homologous recombination (HR) are hypersensitive to PARP inhibitors (PARPi), and early phase clinical trials have been promising in patients with advanced BRCA1 and BRCA2-associated breast, ovary and prostate cancer. Unlike HR-defective cells, HR-proficient cells manifest low cytotoxicity when exposed to PARPi. Nonetheless, they mount a DNA damage response and show a genomic instability phenotype as demonstrated by an increased frequency of sister chromatid exchange. To study molecular mechanisms underlying PARPi-generated genomic instability, we took advantage of olaparib an agent in clinical use. Our results in mouse embryonic stem cells show that olaparib increases HR leading to copy number alterations and induces a mutator phenotype. Further, using a genome wide approach we finally demonstrate that PARPi treatment increases DNA double-strand breaks genome-wide which can lead to translocations and other genome aberrations. Our findings have important implications for therapies with regard to sustained genotoxicity to normal cells. Genomic instability arising from PARPi warrants consideration in prevention strategies or for non-oncologic indications.
Citation Format: Fabio Vanoli, Shuhei Ito, Richard L. Frock, Frederick W. Alt, Mary Ellen Moynahan, Maria Jasin. PARP inhibitor olaparib induces genomic instability in normal mammalian cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on DNA Repair: Tumor Development and Therapeutic Response; 2016 Nov 2-5; Montreal, QC, Canada. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2017;15(4_Suppl):Abstract nr B37.</jats:p
Targeting the IL-17/IL-23 axis in chronic inflammatory immune-mediated diseases
No full textThe advent of a variety of cytokine inhibitors in the treatment of autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases has transformed the clinical outlook in recent years. However, a proportion of patients either does not respond or exhibits only partial or short-lived benefits. As such, there remains intense interest in identifying new pathways that can yield therapeutic benefit when modulated. The IL-17 pathway has been identified in murine models as a potent driver of autoimmune phenomena. IL-17 family cytokines are released by a several leukocyte subsets, primarily T cells and innate lymphocytes. In turn, this family is induced by a variety of upstream cytokines, including IL-23. Several clinical trials have now identified marked benefits upon inhibition of the IL-17/IL-23 axis, particularly in psoriasis. Such data are being extended in a variety of clinical inflammatory diseases with variable benefit arising, including potential deficit. It is likely that agents that target IL-17 and IL-23 will find a place in the management of psoriasis initially with other disease states emerging over time
Alt, Frederick (Birth, 1887-11-02)
No full textAddress: 51 Dennis St.6066/Pg 151/1887/M W/Am./Am./Louisa Schulte, Mid.Original record filed in drawer labeled'ALMS-ANDERSON'
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