408 research outputs found
Anales de Edafología y Fisiología Vegetal Tomo10 Número 6
No full textMartín Vivaldi, J. L. y González García, F. / Caracterización y propiedades de
una bentonita de Almería (II).-- García Vicente, J.: Estudio mineralógico de algunos talcos españoles.-- Pino, F. y Chabannes, J. / Sobre la reacción uranio-quinalizarina y sus posibles aplicaciones para el análisis calorimétrico del sodio.-- Cavanillas Rodríguez, L. y Angulo Carpio, María Dolores / Estudios sobre transformación vegetal. Judías cultivadas en lisímetros.--
Correns, C. W. / La descomposición química de los silicatos en el laboratorio y en el suelo.-- Sousa da Camara, A: La tierra a sacolNFORMACIÓN:
II Congreso Mundial de Abonos Químicos, por V. Hernando.-- Notas: Nueva Sección.-- Nuevo catedrático de la Universidad de Sevilla.-- Colaborador y pensionadoBIBLIOGRAFÍA:
Torbjoern O. Caspersson: Cell Growth aud Cell Functions.-- H. L. Pearse: Growth Substances and Their Practical Importance in Horticulture.-- A. G. Norman: Advances in Agronomy.-- Frederick C. Nachod: Ion Exchange. Theory and Application.-- Robert Kunin and Robert J. Myers: Ion Exchange Resins.--
Normas para los colaboradoresPeer reviewed2019-08.- CopyBook.- Libnova.- Biblioteca IC
Read and edit Góngora in the Golden Century: Martín de Angulo or the forge (frustrated) of a song of author
No full textEl presente estudio ofrece un análisis monográfico del manuscrito inédito
Varias poesías y casi todas las que compuso… D. Luis de Góngora, de Martín de Angulo
y Pulgar, custodiado en la Fundación Bartolomé March (B87-V3-10). Con fecha de 1639-
1640, constituye una suerte de cancionero de poesías varias o antología preparada por este
autor con la voluntad de difundir la obra de Góngora, canonizarlo y de paso posicionarse él
mismo, respecto a la nutrida galería o elenco de eruditos comentaristas, en un lugar privilegiado
de la república de las letras. Sin embargo, pese a desafiar a los editores precedentes
de Góngora e incluso entrar en discordia interpretativa con otros destacados actantes de
la polémica literaria, por su ambicioso fuste, el proyecto acabaría inconcluso y sin llegar
a buen puerto editorial.The present study offers a monographic analysis of the unpublished manuscript
Varias poesías y casi todas las que compuso… D. Luis de Góngora, Martín de Angulo y
Pulgar, guarded at the Fundación Bartolomé March (B87-V3-10). With a date of 1639-
1640, it constitutes a kind of poetry songbook or anthology prepared by this author with
the aim of spreading the work of Góngora, canonizing it and, in turn, position himself,
with respect to the large gallery or cast of commentator scholars, in a privileged place of
the Republic of letters. However, despite challenging the previous editors of Góngora and
even enter into interpretative discord with other prominent actants of the literary polemic,
for its ambitious fuste, the project would end unfinished and without reaching a good
publishing port
Brachyrhaphis olomina
No full text<i>Brachyrhaphis olomina</i> (Meek 1914). Olomina Livebearer; Olomina, Alumina, Pepesca <p> <b>Vouchers:</b> Not available. <b>Distribution:</b> Central America; from southern Nicaragua to central Costa Rica, Atlantic and Pacific drainages; <b>(Nicaragua)</b> Ni (Pacific); 5–211 masl; Sec, Dia, Amp. <b>Occurrence and conservation status:</b> Nat; DD (2020), population trend unknown. <b>Literature:</b> Bussing (1998: 198; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 54; listed, including information on distribution). <b>Remarks:</b> This species was listed as endemic to Costa Rica by Angulo (2021); however, the same author (Angulo 2021: 54) reported the following distribution: “Middle America; from (probably) southern Nicaragua to central Costa Rica, Atlantic and Pacific drainages”. Unpublished data and personal communications by local fishers (Francisco Samaniego, December 14, 2019 and Nestor López, April 2, 2020) and colleagues (Topiltzin Contreras, February 5, 2020) support the occurrence of <i>B. olomina</i> in the southern Pacific of Nicaragua, near the border with Costa Rica, as proposed by Bussing (1998), Lyons <i>et al.</i> (2020) and Angulo (2021).</p>Published as part of <i>Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D. & Matamoros, Wilfredo A., 2023, Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families, pp. 1-89 in Zootaxa 5376 (1)</i> on page 59, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10208788">http://zenodo.org/record/10208788</a>
Surveillance for Foodborne-disease Outbreaks, United States, 1988-1992
No full text"PROBLEM/CONDITION: Since 1973, CDC has maintained a collaborative surveillance program for collection and periodic reporting of data concerning the occurrence and causes of foodborne-disease outbreaks (FBDOs). REPORTING PERIOD COVERED: This summary reviews data from January 1988 through December 1992. DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEM: The surveillance system reviews data concerning FBDOs--defined as the occurrence of two or more cases of a similar illness resulting from the ingestion of a common food. Before 1992, only one case of intoxication by chemical, marine toxin, or Clostridium botulinum toxin as a result of the ingestion of food was required to constitute an FBDO. Since 1992, two or more cases have been required. State and local public health departments have primary responsibility for the identifying and investigating FBDOs. State and territorial health departments report these outbreaks to CDC on a standard form. RESULTS: During 1988-1992, a total of 2,423 outbreaks of foodborne disease were reported (451 in 1988, 505 in 1989, 532 in 1990, 528 in 1991, and 407 in 1992). These outbreaks caused a reported 77,373 persons to become ill. Among outbreaks for which the etiology was determined, bacterial pathogens caused the largest percentage of outbreaks (79%) and the largest percentage of cases (90%). Salmonella serotype Enteritidis accounted for the largest number of outbreaks, cases, and deaths; most of these outbreaks were attributed to eating undercooked, infected eggs. Chemical agents caused 14% of outbreaks and 2% of cases; parasites, 2% of outbreaks and 1% of cases; and viruses, 4% of outbreaks and 6% of cases. INTERPRETATION: The number of FBDOs reported per year did not change substantially during the first 4 years but declined in 1992 as a result of the revised definition of an outbreak. During this reporting period, S. Enteritidis continued to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality. In addition, multistate outbreaks caused by contaminated produce and outbreaks caused by Escherichia coli O157:H7 became more prominent. ACTIONS TAKEN: State and local public health departments investigate FBDOs. At the regional and national level, surveillance data provide an indication of the etiologic agents, vehicles of transmission, and contributing factors associated with FBDOs and help direct public health actions." - p. 1Nancy H. Bean, Joy S. Goulding, Christopher Lao, Frederick J. Angulo, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious DiseasesIncludes bibliographical references (p. 12-)
Bandgap Engineering of Amorphous Hydrogenated Silicon Carbide
No full textThis research was funded by the Research Management Office (DGI) of the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (PUCP). The authors have been supported by the PUCP under the PhD scholarship program Huiracocha (J A Guerra) and by the National Council of Science and Technology (CONCYTEC) under the scholarships granted to the PUCP (J R Angulo and J Llamoza). The author would like to thank Prof Dr H P Strunk, F Benz and Dr Y Weng of the University of Stuttgart for the TEM measurements.A simple model to describe the fundamental absorption of amorphous hydrogenated silicon carbide thin films based on band fluctuations is presented. It provides a general equation describing both the Urbach and Tauc regions in the absorption spectrum. In principle, our model is applicable to any amorphous material and it allows the determination of the bandgap. Here we focus on the bandgap engineering of amorphous hydrogenated silicon carbide layers. Emphasis is given on the role of hydrogen dilution during the deposition process and post deposition annealing treatments. Using the conventional Urbach and Tauc equations, it was found that an increase/decrease of the Urbach energy produces a shrink/enhancement of the Tauc-gap. On the contrary, the here proposed model provides a bandgap energy which behaves independently of the Urbach energy.Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica - Concyte
Brycon costaricensis Angulo & Gracian-Negrete, 2013, new species
No full textBrycon costaricensis, new species Table 1, Figure 2 Brycon guatemalensis (not Regan 1908): Meek, 1914: 108–109 (Costa Rica, Atlantic slope, Limón: Río Costa Rica, Quebrada La Victoria, Río Zent and Río Parismina); Fowler, 1923: 23 (Nicaragua, Atlantic slope: Río Eden and Río Tunky); Hildebrand, 1938: 275 (key), 281–282 (distribution, in part: “ranges on the Atlantic slope from Guatemala to Western Panama ”; Costa Rica and Nicaragua reference); Miller, 1966: 137 (distribution, in part: “Atlantic slope from the Río Grijalva, Tabasco and Chiapas, Mexico southward to eastern Panamá ”; Costa Rica and Nicaragua reference); Bussing, 1976: 158–161 (distribution, in part: Atlantic slope from Guatemala to Western Panama; Costa Rica and Nicaragua reference); Bussing & López, 1977: 16, 20, 24, 27 (Costa Rica, Atlantic slope, Alajuela: Arenal Drainage); Géry, 1977: 339 (distribution, in part: “Central America ”; Costa Rica and Nicaragua reference); Bussing, 1985: 457 (distribution, in part: Atlantic slope from Guatemala to western Panama, with two discontinuities; Costa Rica and Nicaragua reference); Bussing, 1987: 75–76 (distribution, in part: Atlantic slope from Grijalva, Mexico to western Panama, with two discontinuities; Costa Rica and Nicaragua reference); Burcham, 1988: 277–283 (Costa Rica, Atlantic slope, Heredia: La Selva Biological Station, Río Puerto Viejo: alimentation); Ulloa-Rojas et. al, 1989: 128–129 (Costa Rica, Atlantic slope, Alajuela: Arenal Drainage); Bussing, 1993: 779 (Costa Rica, Atlantic slope, Heredia: La Selva Biological Station, Río Puerto Viejo: ecology); Bussing, 1994: 196–198 (Costa Rica, Atlantic slope, Heredia: La Selva Biological Station, Río Puerto Viejo: ecology); Horn, 1997: 259–263 (Costa Rica, Atlantic slope, Heredia: La Selva Biological Station, Río Puerto Viejo: seed dispersion of Ficus glabatra); Bussing, 1998: 92–96 (distribution, in part: Atlantic slope from Grijalva, Mexico to western Panama, with two discontinuities; Costa Rica and Nicaragua reference); Banack et al., 2002: 232, 237, 239 – 241 (Costa Rica, Atlantic slope, Heredia: La Selva Biological Station, Río Puerto Viejo: seed dispersion of Ficus insipida); Drewe et al., 2004: 890–899 (Costa Rica, Atlantic slope, Heredia: La Selva Biological Station, Río Puerto Viejo: gut morphology, alimentation, digestive enzyme activity); Smith & Bermingham, 2005: 1839 (distribution, in part: “San Juan province”; Costa Rica and Nicaragua reference); Molina, 2006: 31–36 (Costa Rica: larval development); Reeves & Bermingham, 2006: 88 (distribution, in part: from “ Costa Rica to Mexico ”; Costa Rica and Nicaragua reference); Herrera- Vásquez et al., 2007: 168 (Costa Rica, Atlantic slope); Espinoza, 2008: 1975 (Costa Rica, Atlantic slope, Alajuela: Caño Crucitas, Quebrada descubrimiento, Río Infiernillo, Quebrada Llano Verde and Quebrada Minas). Holotype. UCR 2936 -01: 128.1 mm SL, Costa Rica, Atlantic slope, Heredia, Sarapiquí drainage, La Virgen de Sarapiquí, Río Sarapiquí, at the Tirimbina Biological Reserve, 149 m, 10 ° 24 ' 56.84 "N, 84 °07' 18.70 "W, C.A. Garita, 25 May 2013. Paratypes. 50 specimens (47.8–325.1 mm SL). Costa Rica: UCR 0214-09: 2, 105.0– 132.9 mm SL, Limón, Matina drainage, Quebrada Chocolate, 4.5 km SW of Moin, on road between Limón and Liverpool, 15 m, 9 º 59 '04.99"N, 83 º05' 29.51 "W, W.A. Bussing and S. Salas, 20 October 1967; UCR 0215-02: 3, 96.7–128.8 mm SL, Limón, Parismina drainage, Río Siquirres 4–5 km W of Siquirres on road between Moravia and Siquirres, 240 m, 10 º05'15.00"N, 83 º 32 ' 44.27 "W, H. Nanne, 15 October 1967; UCR 0263-08: 1, 234.0 mm SL, Alajuela, San Carlos drainage, Quebrada Máquina, 4.2 km from Florencia de San Carlos on road between Ciudad Quesada and Muelle de San Carlos, 90 m, 10 º 23 ' 44.99 "N, 84 º 28 ' 39.33 "W, W.A. Bussing, 1 September 1968; UCR 0444- 10: 4, 144.8 – 170.0 mm SL, Limón, Parismina drainage, Quebrada Salsipuedes, 1.5 km E. of Ventiocho Millas on provisional road to Limón, 20 m, 10 º05' 19.99 "N, 83 º 21 ' 44.27 "W, W.A. Bussing, M. Bussing and R. Nishimoto, 17 October 1970; UCR 0843-02: 5, 47.8–114.7 mm SL, Quebrada Santa Rita, from 1 km above to 1.5 km below bridge, 5 km SW Florencia, San Carlos drainage, Alajuela, Costa Rica, 200 m, 10 º 19 ' 24.99 "N, 84 º 31 ' 0.01 "W, J. Prendas, W. González, W. López and M. Murillo, 22 February 1975; UCR 0929–01: 3, 130.6 – 265.1 mm SL, Alajuela, Lago de Nicaragua drainage, Río Zapote 2.6 km S of Canalete, on Upala road, Lago de 85 m, 10 º 49 ' 59.99 "N, 85 º02'09.83"W, W. Bussing, H. Camacho and W. Gonzáles, 17 December 1975; UCR 0948-03: 4, 64.2–99.8 mm SL, Guanacaste, San Carlos drainage, Quebrada Pérez 2.6 km E of Arenal, 522 m, 10 º 28 ' 19.99 "N, 84 º 49 ' 44.27 "W, W.A. Bussing, E. Bussing and W. González, 5 January 1976; UCR 1351 - 19: 1, 151.8 mm SL, Limón, Matina drainage, Río Cuba, on road to Limón, Costa Rica, 15 m, 10 º01'20.00"N, 83 º 13 ' 14.75 "W, W.A. Bussing, 25 September 1981; UCR 1570 -02: 1, 230.0 mm SL, Alajuela, Lago de Nicaragua drainage, source of small stream, 2 km S of Bijagua, 440 m, 10 º 43 '09.99"N, 85 º03' 59.99 "W, W.A. Bussing, Ich. Course, 17 March 1984; UCR 1671 - 01: 3, 84.0– 153.2 mm SL, Guanacaste, San Juan drainage, Tributary of Río Bijagua, 10 º 44 '25.00"N, 85 º03'09.84"W, W.A. Bussing, Ich. Course, 4 May 1985; UCR 1809 -09: 3, 96.2–148.1 mm SL, Limón, Tortuguero drainage, Parque Nacional Tortuguero, Río Agua Fría, 10 º 27 ' 49.99 "N, 83 º 33 ' 59.99 "W, K. Winemiller, 18 June 1985; UCR 1827 -05: 1 (C&S), 73.0 mm SL, Limón, Parismina drainage, Quebrada Herediana, 6 km NW of Siquirres, on road to Guápiles, 10 m, 10 º08'09.99"N, 83 º 33 ' 29.51 "W, W.A. Bussing, Ich. Course, 21 March 1986; UCR 2147 -02: 1, 140.4 mm SL, Alajuela, Lago de Nicaragua drainage, Río Caño Negro, Parque Nacional Volcán Rincón de la Vieja, in the main stream, 310 m, 10 º 47 '45.00"N, 84 º 57 ' 19.68 "W, S. Navarro, L. Villalba and J. Fraizer, 11 March 1989; UCR 2852 -01: 1 (C&S), 75.9 mm SL, Limón, Parismina drainage, Río Pacuare, J. Picado, 13 July 2004. Nicaragua: UCR 0268-01: 3, 72.5–105.5 mm SL, Zelaya, Escondido drainage, Río La Concha (flowing into Río Mico), 18 km W of Ciudad Rama, 150 m, 12 º 10 ' 00.00"N, 84 º 28 ' 39.33 "W, J.D. Villa, 21 April 1968; UCR 0457-02: 7, 67.0– 185.5 mm SL, Chontales, Prinzapolka drainage, Río Yoaya 13.6 km E of Siuna at road, 300 m, 13 º 40 '00.00"N, 84 º 21 ' 44.27 "W, W.A. Bussing and G. Campos, 14 April 1971; UCR 0461- 10: 6, 55.9- 82.9 mm SL, Chontales, Escondido drainage, Río Muhán 17.4 km SE of Villa Somoza at Managua, Rama road, 100 m, 12 º 11 '00.00", 86 º 15 '05.04"W, W.A. Bussing, G. Campos and A. Zepeda, 17 April 1971; UCR 1086 -01: 1, 325.1 mm SL, San Juan drainage, Quebrada Peor es Nada, R. Beatty, 27 April 1976. Diagnosis. Brycon costaricensis differs from all other Central American Brycon species by possessing 49 to 54 scales in the lateral line (vs. 43 to 48 in B. argenteus, 55 to 61 in B. guatemalensis, and more than 64 in B. behreae, B. chagrensis and B. striatulus) and a anal fin notably longer than head, with 33 to 37 total rays (vs. an anal fin about equal to length of head, with 24 to 28 total rays in B. argenteus, B. obscurus, and B. petrosus, the last two species with 48 to 55 and 53 to 58 scales in the lateral line, respectively). The following combination of characters also can separate the species herein described from B. guatemalensis: 5 or 6 rows of scales between lateral line and pectoral fin base (vs. 7 or 8); 9 to 11 (generally 10) rows of scales between lateral line and dorsal fin base (vs. 10 to 12, generally 11); 5 to 7 (generally 6) rows of scales between lateral line and anal fin base (vs. 7 to 9, generally 8); and a elongated and shallow caudal peduncle, whose length is 1.78 to 2.35 times its depth (vs. a short and deep caudal peduncle, whose length is 1.25 to 1.61 times its depth). Description. Morphometric and meristic data are given in Table 1. Body moderately slender, robust and moderately high in specimens above 300.0 mm of SL; largest body height at dorsal-fin level; sloped dorsal profile; head large, slightly acute anteriorly and moderately deep posteriorly, head depth about 64.30 to 79.22 % (71.73 %) of body deep; eye large and snout relatively short and conical, eye diameter about 0.86 to 1.65 (1.27) times snout length; mouth terminal, heterognathous, premaxillary extending slightly ahead of dentary, leaving 2 rows of teeth exposed in advance of it; maxillary almost reaching the middle of the eye, maxillary length about 28.38 to 37.33 % (32.22 %) of head length; lower jaw shorter than upper, leaving 2 rows of teeth exposed in advance of it; premaxillary teeth large, laterally in 2 series, anteriorly more or less definitely in 3 series (the outer series with 8– 10 (9) teeth, the second series with 7–10 (9) teeth and the inner series with 2 largest teeth); maxillary with 9–15 (11) medium sized teeth; dentary with 7–9 (8) large anterior teeth, 7–12 (9) small posterior teeth and 1 tooth at the symphysis, forming the inner row; first gill arch with 13–15 (14) lower gill rakers, 13–15 (14) upper gill rakers and 1 at angle; scales cycloid; lateral line complete from supracleithrum to caudal-fin base and decurved anteriorly; dorsal-fin origin equidistant from snout and base of caudal-fin or scarcely behind of the middle of SL; pectoral-fin longer than pelvic-fin, its length about 1.22 to 1.51 (1.38) times the pelvic-fin length or 0.75 to 1.12 (0.94) times the distance between the pectoral-fin origin and the pelvic-fin origin; anal-fin base almost equal in length that maximum body depth, its length about 0.85 to 1.09 (1.00) times the body depth; caudal peduncle large and shallow, its length about 1.78 to 2.35 (1.98) times its depth; caudal-fin broadly forked. Color in life. See Figure 2 A. Overall coloration silvery, some of the scales with blackish edges, forming vertical streaks; olive dark back and pearl white belly; pinkish, yellowish, olive or bronze color opercular bones (in adults); posterior edge of gill-opening blackish (in adults); paired fins transparent, light pink or reddish (in juveniles), rosy gray or dark (in adults); dorsal and adipose fins light pink, yellowish, reddish (in juveniles), rosy gray or dark (in adults); a more or less distinct blackish spot on the caudal peduncle; tail pale pink, yellowish, reddish (mostly in juveniles) or dark (mostly in adults); anal and caudal fins usually dark-edged. Color in alcohol. See Figure 2 B. Dorso-lateral body surfaces silvery to coppery, dark olive to dark brown dorsally, becoming gradually clear ventrally; posterior edge of gill-opening blackish (in adults); longitudinal stripes, present in some specimens, extending all along the trunk; moderate to darkly pigmentation on paired fins; dorsal and anal fins pale with some dark pigmentation on interradial membranes and distal margins; adipose-fin usually pigmented at the basis; relatively faint, rounded dark area on caudal peduncle; caudal-fin usually dark-edged. Distribution. Brycon costaricensis is known from Wawa basin in northern Nicaragua to Matina basin in southern Costa Rica, Atlantic slope (Figure 3). In addition, since no other Brycon species has been recorded between Cangrejal, Aguán and Patuca basins in central Honduras and Coco and Ulám basins in northern Nicaragua (Bussing 1998, Matamoros et al. 2009), B. guatemalensis (sensu stricto) should now be considered as restricted from the Grijalva and Usumacinta basins in southern Mexico (Miller et al. 2006) to the Ulúa and Leán basins in northwestern Honduras, in the Atlantic slope, and to the Choluteca basin at the Honduran Pacific slope (Matamoros et al. 2009). Etymology. The specific name, costaricensis, refers to the country of the type locality: Costa Rica, Atlantic slope, Heredia, Sarapiquí drainage, La Virgen de Sarapiquí, Río Sarapiquí. Common names. Machaca, Sábalo, Sabalete, Machaca del Atlántico (Bussing 1998, Angulo in press). Ecological notes. The literature mentioning Brycon guatemalensis should eventually be revised regarding the origin of the material used (see Distribution). Brycon costaricensis inhabits some lakes in Nicaragua and Costa Rica, but it is also abundant in fast-flowing rivers and streams since it is a very strong swimmer (Bussing & López 1977, Bussing 1998). It is found at elevations between 0 and 600 m in lakes, rivers and creeks (Bussing 1998). It tolerates temperatures between 21 and 34 °C (Bussing 1998). Young specimens (less than 80 mm of total length) fed principally on insects while the largest ones (more than 80 mm of total length) consumed a large proportion of allochthonous vegetal matter, principally leaves (Burcham 1988). Horn (1997) and Banack et al. (2002) found that the largest individuals of this species can potentially disperse Ficus spp. (Moraceae) seeds for long distances along watercourses. Drewe et al. (2004) found that largest individuals of B. costaricensis have relatively larger intestines than juveniles specimens, and an ontogenetical change of main gut enzymes, associated with the ontogenetic change in diet (from carnivores to mainly herbivores). In addition, as in the case of B. opalinus (Cuvier 1819), B. costaricensis possesses a large gall bladder, suggesting the importance of the digestion of lipids in these species (Drewe et al. 2004, Gomiero et al. 2008). Burcham (1988) also found that largest individuals of B. costaricensis are present in forest streams and usually absent from deforested areas that indicates that the removal of fruit trees from the banks of small streams leads to their local elimination or to a considerable decrease in their abundance. Regarding the reproductive biology of B. costaricensis, little is known. Bussing (1998) mentions that pairs of this species lay eggs in an excavated nest in the sand substratum of creeks. Additionally, Molina (2006) describes their most relevant larval development characteristics after artificial fertilization of eggs of wild fish. Brycon costaricensis is a delight for sport fisherman because of its fighting nature and the flesh is highly regarded (Bussing 1998). The latter author reported for this species a maximun size of 500 mm and a maximun weight of 4300 g. Remarks. CVA recovered two distinct shape groups along both Canonical Variates (CV) (Figure 4). Brycon guatemalensis and B. costaricensis specimens were evenly distributed among the two groups in CV 1, meanwhile B. costaricensis and B. behreae were likewise distributed among the two groups in CV 2. Both canonical variate axis are significant at the p <.001 level based on the Wilk’s lamda value (the sum of squares within groups divided by the total sum of squares within and between groups). The CV 1 explained 74.82 % of the shape variance. An assignment test performed in CVAgen based on CV 1 determined that all specimens had been correctly assigned to the respective group. Shape differences associated with the CV 1 and CV 2 are shown in Figure 4. Brycon costaricensis, with positive scores on CV 1 (Figure 4 C) and negative scores on CV 2 (Figure 4 D), has slender bodies and caudal peduncles larger and shallower than specimens with negative scores on CV 1 (Figure 4 B) as well as deeper heads, eyes displaced dorsally, anterior fins insertion displaced anteriorly and the posterior end of the supraocipital spine positioned anteriorly and dorsally than specimens with positive scores on CV 2 (Figure 4 E).Published as part of Angulo, Arturo & Gracian-Negrete, Jatziry Marlene, 2013, A new species of Brycon (Characiformes: Characidae) from Nicaragua and Costa Rica, with a key to the lower Mesoamerican species of the genus, pp. 255-266 in Zootaxa 3731 (2) on pages 258-263, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3731.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/22334
Influence of climatic conditions on the growth and quality in harvest and post-harvest of the plum fruit (Prunus salicina L.) variety “Horvin”
No full textilustraciones, diagramasEl crecimiento y desarrollo del fruto de ciruela (Prunus salicina L.), variedad. Horvin son
procesos que requieren de condiciones climáticas específicas como la temperatura, la
humedad relativa, la precipitación y la radiación. El objetivo de este estudio fue estudiar
la Influencia de las condiciones climáticas en el crecimiento y calidad en cosecha y
postcosecha del fruto de ciruela y a su vez formular algunos modelos de pre cosecha y
cosecha del fruto, en función de las condiciones climáticas de las localidades donde se
adelantó el estudio, para lo cual, se marcaron veinte árboles por finca, en dos localidades del municipio de Nuevo Colón, departamento de Boyacá, Colombia. Las mediciones se realizaron durante tres cosechas (años 2021-2022), cada 7 días hasta la madurez de la cosecha.
Para la formulación de los modelos en estado pre cosecha, se consideró la temperatura
de las localidades seleccionadas en términos del tiempo térmico (GDC), donde se
propuso un modelo fenológico, determinando la temperatura base (Tb), para los cuatro
periodos fenológicos del cultivo y la cuantificación de los grados días de crecimiento
(GDC). Para el desarrollo del fruto se determinó una Tb = 1.78 ºC, para la determinación
de los modelos se utilizó la herramienta solver de Excel®. Los resultados mostraron que, durante el crecimiento del fruto de ciruela, en las características fisicoquímicas, las
variables que más tienen incidencia son la altitud, la precipitación y la altitud. Los
modelos de peso fresco, sólidos solubles totales y firmeza de la pulpa son los que mejor
predicen la evolución de la calidad del fruto de ciruela durante su desarrollo. Se obtuvieron ecuaciones de crecimiento para la longitud y el diámetro en función del peso
del fruto, así como para los días transcurridos desde la antesis en función de los grados-
día de crecimiento y la altitud. Los modelos para determinar la calidad del fruto de ciruela muestran que las condiciones climáticas del cultivo y su altitud inciden en las
características fisicoquímicas del fruto durante la postcosecha, así como el análisis de
regresión mostró que los modelos predicen de buena forma las propiedades del fruto; la
validación cruzada arrojó un buen ajuste mediante ecuaciones entre los valores
observados y los valores estimados. (Texto tomado de la fuente)The growth and development of the plum fruit (Prunus salicina L.), var. Horvin are
processes that require climatic conditions such as temperature, relative humidity,
precipitation and radiation. The objective of this research was to study the influence of
climatic conditions on growth and quality at harvest and postharvest of plum fruit. And in turn, to formulate some models of pre-harvest and harvest of the fruit, depending on the climatic conditions of the localities where the study was carried out, for which, twenty trees per farm were marked in two localities of the municipality of Nuevo Colon, Boyaca department, Colombia. Measurements were made during three harvests (years 2021- 2022), every 7 days until harvest maturity. For the formulation of the models in the pre-harvest state, the temperature of the selected localities was considered in terms of thermal time (GDC), where a phenological model was proposed, determining the base temperature (Tb), for the four phenological periods of the crop and the quantification of the degree days of growth (GDC). For the development of the fruit, a Tb = 1.78 ºC was determined, for the determination of the models the Excel® solver tool was used. The results showed that, during the growth of the plum fruit, in the physicochemical characteristics, the variables that have the most incidence are altitude, precipitation and altitude. The models of fresh weight, total soluble solids and pulp firmness are the best ones to predict the evolution of the quality of the plum fruit during its development. Growth equations were obtained for length and diameter as a function of fruit weight, as well as for days elapsed since anthesis as a function of growth degree-days and altitude. The models to determine the quality of the plum fruit show that the climatic conditions of the crop and its altitude affect the physicochemical characteristics of the fruit during postharvest. The regression analysis showed that the models predict the properties of the fruit in a good way, the cross validation showed a good fit through equations between the observed values and the estimated values.DoctoradoDoctor en Ciencias AgrariasFisiología vegeta
Emerg Infect Dis
No full textFirst isolated from an ill person in 1985, multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium DT104 emerged in the mid-1990s as a strain of Salmonella frequently isolated from humans in the United States. We compared the integron content, plasmid profile, and XbaI pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns of multidrug-resistant S. Typhimurium DT104 (MR-DT104) isolated from humans in the United States in 1985, 1990, and 1995. All isolates contained a 60-mDa plasmid and had indistinguishable PFGE and integron profiles, supporting the idea of a clonal relationship between recent and historical isolates. The data suggest that the widespread emergence of MR-DT104 in humans and animals in the 1990s may have been due to the dissemination of a strain already present in the United States rather than the introduction of a new strain
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