1,720,955 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Der Torticollis spasmedicus
No full textDr. med. Niels Freckmann,
Hamburg, 15.12.1987
Abstract of the habilitation thesis
Spasmodic torticollis
treatise with special consideration of a new
surgical therapy approach
My habilitation thesis deals with the etiologically unexplained “spasmodic torticollis” (ST) with special consideration of pathogenesis and surgical treatment. ST is defined as a movement disorder limited to the neck limited to the neck muscles. The most important hypotheses for the pathogenesis of ST are the psychogenic genesis, the vestibular/labyrinthine hypothesis, the reticular formation hypothesis and the basal ganglia hypothesis, which has generally found the broadest support. There is no known causal treatment for ST. The results of stereotactic surgery are as unsatisfactory as those of rhizotomy of the anterior roots C1 to C3 (50% to 70% improvement), especially as these interventions are destructive in nature.
On the basis of our own clinical, anatomical and electromyographic findings, as well as data from 46 torticollis patients who underwent surgery, the theory of a unilateral disturbance of proprioceptive afferents from the head joints responsible for ST is developed. Accordingly, the surgical treatment of “pure” ST requires a new, peripheral approach. The aim of our “bilateral microsurgical lysis of the spinal accessory roots” (BMLA) is the symmetrization of the afferent stimulation current from the craniocervical region to the reticular formation and thus the suppression of unilateral excessive efferent impulses. Compared to other surgical procedures, BMLA is less destructive and has hardly any side effects. The following results (n=37) were achieved: 7 times there was a complete regression of symptoms, 11 times there were still minor residual symptoms and 13 times there was an improvement observed. In three patients, the condition remained unchanged and we observed a deterioration in two cases. One patient died as a result of a revision. In 82% of ST patients, anastomoses were found between the accessorius root and posterior root C1. This was the case in only 46% of the normal section material. In addition, 2/3 of the ST cases showed compression of the accessory roots with evidence of degenerative changes. An anatomical predisposition is therefore postulated for ST. When the patients with purely horizontal or rotatory ST (n=27) were considered in isolation, it was noticeable that, with one exception, improvements were achieved (96%). In 10 patients with combined torticollis symptoms, we saw only 6 improvements; in 4 patients, the further postoperative course suggested the presence of torticollis dystonicus with a cenral motor cause. This underlines the importance of differential diagnosis for treatment. Stereotactic interventions should be limited to proven central motor movement disorders: Here we were able to achieve an improvement in symptoms in 19 out of 20 patients
Spasmodic Torticollis
No full textNiels Freckmann Hamburg, den 15.12.1997
Kurzfassung der Habilitationsleistungen
In meiner Habilitationsschrift wird der ätiologisch unge-
klärte "Torticollis spasmodicus" (TS) unter besonderer Be-
rücksichtigung von Pathogenese und operativer Behandlung
abgehandelt. Der TS ist als eine auf die Halsmuskulatur be-
grenzte Bewegungsstörung definiert. Die wichtigsten Hypothe-
sen zur Pathogenese des TS sind die einer psychogenen Gene-
se, die vestibularis-/labyrinthäre Hypothese, die Formatio
reticularis-Hypothese und die Basalganglien-Hypothese, die
allgemein die breiteste Unterstützung gefunden hat. Eine
kausale Behandlung des TS ist nicht bekannt. Die Ergebnisse
stereotaktischer Operationen sind ebenso unbefriedigend wie
der Rhizotomie der Vorderwurzeln C1 bis C3 (50% bis 70% Bes-
serungen), zumal diese Eingriffe destruktiver Natur sind.
Auf der Basis eigener klinischer, anatomischer und elektro-
myographischer Befunde, sowie anhand der Daten von 46 ope-
rierten Torticollis-Patienten wird die Theorie einer einsei-
tigen für den TS verantwortlichen Störung propriozeptiver
Afferenzen aus den Kopfgelenken entwickelt. Die operative
Behandlung des "reinen" TS erfordert dementsprechend einen
neuen, peripheren Ansatz. Ziel der von uns angegebenen "bi-
lateralen mikrochirurgischen Lyse der spinalen Accessorius-
wurzeln" (BMLA) ist die Symmetrisierung des afferenten Reiz-
stromes aus der Regio craniocervicalis zur Formatio reticu-
laris und somit eine Unterdrückung einseitig überschie~ender
efferenter Impulse. Die BMLA ist im Vergleich zu anderen
Operationsverfahren wenig destruktiv und hat kaum Nebenwir-
kungen. Folgende Ergebnisse (n=37) wurden erreicht: 7 mal
kam es zu einer völligen Rückbildung der Symptomatik, 11 mal
bestanden noch geringe Rest-Symptome und 13 mal war eine
Besserung zu beobachten. Bei drei Patienten blieb der Zu-
stand unverändert und zwei mal stellten wir eine Verschlech-
terung fest. Ein Patient starb an den Folgen einer Revision.
Bei TS-Patienten fanden sich zu 82% Anastomosen zwischen
Accessoriuswurzel und Hinterwurzel C1. Im normalen Sektions-
gut war dies in nur 46% der Fall. Au~erdem lagen bei 2/3 der
TS-Fälle Kompressionen der Accessoriuswurzeln mit Hinweisen
auf degenerative Veränderungen vor. Für den TS wird daher
eine anatomische Prädisposition postuliert. Bei isolierter
Betrachtung der Patienten mit rein horizontalem oder rotato-
rischem TS (n=27) fiel auf, daß hier, bis auf eine Ausnahme,
Besserungen erzielt wurden (96%). Bei 10 Patienten mit kom-
binierter Torticollis-Symptomatik sahen wir nur 6 Besserun-
gen, bei 4 Patienten sprach der weitere postoperative Ver-
lauf für das Vorliegen eines Torticollis dystonicus mit zen-
tralmotorischer Ursache. Dies unterstreicht die Bedeutung
der Differentialdiagnose für die Therapie. Stereotaktische
Eingriffe sollten auf nachgewiesene zentralmotorische Beweg-
ungsstörungen beschränkt werden: Hier konnten wir bei 19 von
20 Patienten eine Besserung der Symptomatik erzielen
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