187,164 research outputs found
Imaging mineralized tissues in vertebrates
No full textUpdate of B. Misof, P. Roschger, P. Fratzl "Imaging Mineralized Tissues in Vertebrates" Comprehensive Biomaterials, Volume 3, 2011, Pages 407-426Change History: June 2016. B. Misof, P. Roschger and P. Fratzl made updates throughout the text. Figures 9 and 12 are brand new to this chapter. Reference list has been updated
How Does the Interaction of Water with Collagen Lead to Pretension in Our Connective Tissues?
No full textThe connective tissues in our body – such as skin, tendon, or bones – all contain a molecule called collagen. When you cut your skin, it springs open. This shows that the tissues in our body are under pretension. The research presented in this video is interested in the question of whether the interaction of collagen with water causes this tension. The researchers found, as PETER FRATZL explains, that the pretension comes from the contraction of the collagen molecules which is due to a competition for water between collagen and the sugar-rich molecules that surround them. By using synchrotron diffraction, the group managed to show that this leads to a conformational change of this helix; it shortens and creates enormous stresses. These findings are relevant for research in regenerative medicine as well as research into the uses of osmotic pressure for complex movements and force generation more generally
Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Microspectroscopy Enables the Direct Characterization of Biomineral-Associated Organic Material on Single Calcareous Microskeletons
Get PDFBiominerals are composite materials with inorganic and organic components. The latter provide insights into how organisms control mineralization and, if derived from micro/nannofossils, into past climates. Many calcifying organisms cannot be cultured or are extinct; the only materials available for their study are therefore complex environmental samples in which the organism of interest may only be a minor component. There is currently no method for characterizing the biomineral-associated organic material from single particles within such assemblages, so its compositional diversity is unknown. Focusing on coccoliths, we demonstrate that surface-enhanced Raman scattering microspectroscopy can be used to determine the origin and composition of fossil organic matter at the single-particle level in a heterogeneous micro/nannofossil assemblage. This approach may find applications in the study of micro/nannofossil assemblages and uncultivated species, providing evolutionary insights into the macromolecular repertoire involved in biomineralization
Data used in the paper "Nonlinear Stress-induced Transformations in Collagen Fibrillar Organisation, Disorder and Strain Mechanisms In The Bone-Cartilage Unit" by W. Badar et al
No full textData for the manuscript "Nonlinear Stress-induced Transformations in Collagen Fibrillar Organisation, Disorder and Strain Mechanisms In The Bone-Cartilage Unit" by W. Badar, S. R. Inamdar, P. Fratzl, T. Snow, N. J. Terrill, M. M. Knight, and H. S. Gupta, which is being submitted to Advanced Science
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Bone material quality in transiliac bone biopsies of postmenopausal osteoporotic women after 3 years of strontium ranelate treatment
No full textAppropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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