1,721,279 research outputs found
Clinical implications of monitoring tissue perfusion in cardiogenic shock
No full textCardiogenic shock is a clinical state of acute circulatory failure secondary to a reduction in cardiac output to a level that is inadequate to supply tissues with sufficient oxygen for cellular metabolism. The vast majority of cases of cardiogenic shock are due to acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and subsequent LV dysfunction. Cardiogenic shock can also be caused by ventricular wall rupture, acute mitral valve regurgitation, valvular heart diseases, dysrhythmias or cardiomyopathy.
The critical care management of cardiogenic shock remains challenging, as reflected in the mortality rates of up to 50% of patients with AMI (Theile et al., N Engl J Med 367:1287–1296, 2012). Common pharmacological agents used to improve cardiac output and reverse tissue malperfusion, by definition, increase the myocardial oxygen demand with potentially deleterious consequences (Samuels et al., J Card Surg 14:288–293, 1999). For this reason it is critical to employ a strategy of augmenting cardiac output just enough to realise adequate organ perfusion without further exacerbating the supply/demand mismatch that the failing heart represents. The attainment of this balance point remains extremely difficult, exacerbated by the inherent inadequacies of our current technologies and biological markers that poorly, if at all, determine this endpoint. Consequently there is a fundamental requirement to develop technologies and treatment strategies with tissue perfusion at their core.No Full Tex
ECMO during the COVID-19 pandemic: When is it justified?
No full textAbrams et al. recently introduced their view of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) utilisation during the COVID-19 pandemic as a burden-based approach, highlighting that surge conditions may result in decreased utilization of ECMO, as resources must be carefully managed to ensure an acceptable level of care in all patients [1]. Whilst case numbers may overwhelm some health care systems, thus making ECMO seem less attractive, we are offering an extended viewpoint where ECMO may be justified if systems are optimised to proceed without compromising the overall delivery of intensive care (Fig. 1).Full Tex
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Rise of the machines - the growing influence of the Asia-pacific in the world of mechanical support (Editorial)
No full textMechanical cardiorespiratory support was born in 1953, courtesy of John Gibbons’ cardiopulmonary bypass machine. Since then, support for failing heart and lungs has progressed in many formats, both acute and long-term. The first implantable ventricular-assist device (VAD) was implanted by Liotta in 1963, and another soon after by Debakey. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) grew equally from Gibbons’ oxygenator (with the first successful case report published in 1972) and Bob Bartlett’s procedures (with the success of baby Esperanza’s treatment in 1976), which he followed with the first randomised prospective study of 28 patients in the late 1970s.No Full Tex
Airborne spread of SARS-CoV-2 while using high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy: myth or reality?
No full textIn 2020, a new pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 was declared [1], and since the first cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), clinicians had to apply different modes of respiratory support, previously used on patients with severe respiratory failure from other etiologies. In particular, high-flow nasal cannulae (HFNC) and non-invasive ventilation (NIV) were variably applied in early reports from China [2] and Europe [3]. Yet, the extent of airborne contamination of clinical areas during the use of HFNC has sparked intense debate and highlighted the need for inclusive investigation in this area.No Full Tex
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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