177,080 research outputs found
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Enhancing Pt (IV) Complexes Anticancer Activity Upon Encapsulation in Stimuli Responsive Nanocages
No full textPlatinum-based chemotherapy is the first-line treatment for different cancer types and in particular for malignant pleural mesothelioma patients (a tumor histotype with urgent medical needs). Herein we present a strategy to stabilize, transport and intracellular release of a platinumIV (PtIV) prodrug using a breakable nanocarrier. Its reduction, and therefore activation as anticancer drug, is promoted by the presence of glutathione in neoplastic cells that also causes the destruction of the carrier. The nanocage presents a single internal cavity in which the hydrophobic complex (Pt(dach)Cl2(OH)2), (dach = R,R-diaminocyclohexane) has been encapsulated. We have evaluated the in vitro uptake and the internalization kinetics in cancer model cells and using flow cytometry analysis, demonstrated the successful release and activation of the Pt based drug inside cancer cells. The in vitro findings were confirmed by the in vivo experiments on a mice model obtained by xenografting MPM487, a patient-derived malignant pleural mesothelioma. MPM487 confirmed the well-known resistance of malignant pleural mesothelioma to cisplatin treatment while an interesting 50% reduction of tumor growth was observed when mice were treated with the PtIV, entrapped in the nanocages, at an equivalent dose of platinum complex
Is DNA repair a potential target for effective therapies against malignant mesothelioma?
No full textMalignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare malignancy mainly caused by asbestos exposure. Germinal and acquired mutations in genes of DNA repair pathways, in particular of homologous recombination repair, are frequent in MPM. Here we overview the available experimental data suggesting that an impaired DNA repair system affects MPM pathogenesis by leaving lesions through the genome unresolved. DNA repair defects represent a vulnerability of MPM, and it seems plausible to propose that leveraging these deficiencies could have therapeutic potential for patients with MPM, for whom there is an urgent need of more effective therapies
Letter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer, Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, October 2, 1942
No full textLetter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer at The Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, regarding property owned by Dave Tatsuno. Zellick mentions a dispute between current tenants and Tatsuno, and that Tatsuno has asked Goodman to help locate trustworthy tenants.Personal correspondence, organizational records, government documents, publications, and other papers created or collected by Joseph R. Goodman documenting the forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II, as well as organized resistance to incarceration. Included in the collection are records of the Japanese Young Men's Christian Association and the Japanese American Citizens' League in San Francisco, including papers of the Japanese YMCA's executive secretary Lincoln Kanai; Sakai family papers; Goodman's correspondence to and from Japanese American incarcerees, organizations opposing forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans, the War Relocation Authority, and others; publications, photographs, and ephemera from the Topaz Relocation Center, where Goodman taught high school; War Relocation Authority records and publications; and newspaper clippings, pamphlets, and reports about forced removal and incarceration created by various government, religious, and civic organizations, in California and nationwide
High-performance liquid chromatographic assay for the determination of Aloe Emodin in mouse plasma
No full textAn isocratic high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methodwas developed and validated to determine Aloe Emodin
(AE) in mouse plasma. The analysis required 0.3 ml of plasma and involves extraction with dichloromethane. The HPLC
separationwas carried out on Symmetry Shield RP18, a mobile phase of methanol–water–acetic acid (65:35:0.2) and fluorescence
detection at λex = 410 nm and λem = 510 nm. The retention time of AEwas 11.7 min. The assaywas linear from 10 to 1000 ng/ml
(r2 ≥ 0.999), showed intra- and inter-day precision within 7.8 and 4.7%, and accuracy of 87.3–105.7%. Detection limit (LOD)
and quantification limit (LOQ) were 4.5 and 5 ng/ml, respectively. The method was applied to determine for the first time the
pharmacokinetic of AE in mice
Sequence dependent antitumour efficacy of the vascular disrupting agent ZD6126 in combination with paclitaxel
No full textThe clinical success of small-molecule vascular disrupting agents (VDAs) depends on their combination with conventional therapies. Scheduling and sequencing remain key issues in the design of VDA-chemotherapy combination treatments. This study examined the antitumour activity of ZD6126, a microtubule destabilising VDA, in combination with paclitaxel (PTX), a microtubule- stabilising cytotoxic drug, and the influence of schedule and sequence on the efficacy of the combination. Nude mice bearing MDA-MB-435 xenografts received weekly cycles of ZD6126 (200 mg kg-1 i.p.) administered at different times before or after PTX (10, 20, and 40 mg kg-1 i.v.). ZD6126 given 2 or 24 h after PTX showed no significant benefit, a result that was attributed to a protective effect of PTX against ZD6126-induced vascular damage and tumour necrosis, a hallmark of VDA activity. Paclitaxel counteracting activity was reduced by distancing drug administrations, and ZD6126 given 72 h after PTX potentiated the VDA's antitumour activity. Schedules with ZD6126 given before PTX improved therapeutic activity, which was paralleled by a VDA-induced increase in cell proliferation in the viable tumour tissue. Paclitaxel given 72 h after ZD6126 yielded the best response (50% tumours regressing). A single treatment with ZD6126 followed by weekly administration of PTX was sufficient to achieve a similar response (57% remissions). These findings show that schedule, sequence and timing are crucial in determining the antitumour efficacy of PTX in combination with ZD6126. Induction of tumour necrosis and increased proliferation in the remaining viable tumour tissue could be exploited as readouts to optimise schedules and maximise therapeutic efficacy
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
