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الأفعال الكلامية الإخبارية والتوجيهية في رواية "كل شيء بقدر" لإسلام باكلي بمنظور سيرل
Get PDFمستخلص البحث
اللغة هي عنصور مهم في الاتصال. يمكن للبشر التعبير عن فكرتهم من خلال اللغة. إذا كانت اللغة مرتبطة بالمتكلم والشريك الكلام ستتشكل الأفعل الكلامية. لا تحدث الأفعال الكلامية في العالم الحقيقي فقط، بل تحدث أيضا في الكتابة مثل الرواية أو عروض الأفلام وغيرها. تحدث الأفعال الكلامية بوجود الشخصيات التي يشكل خطابا. الكلام الذي له معني ضمنيا بفعل سمي بالأفعال الكلامية الوظيفية، لأنّ يريد المتكلم من شريك الكلام أن يفعل شيئا مما يقال. في تقسيم الأفعال الكلامية، يقسم سيرل أفعال الكلامية الوظيفية إلى خمسة أنواع وهي الإخباري، والتوجيهي، والإلزامي، والتعبيري، والإعلاني. في هذا البحث، يقوم الباحث بتحليل أشكال أفعال الكلامية الإخبارية والتوجيهية في رواية "كل شيء بقدر" لإسلام باكلي. الهدف من هذا البحث هو معرفة أنواع الأفعال الكلامية الإخبارية والتوجيهيات في رواية "كل شيء بقدر" لإسلام باكلي. يهتم الباحث بمعرفة الكلام الذي يربط المتكلم بالحقيقة قوله. يهتم الباحث أيضا، بمعرفة الكلام الذي يجعل شريك الكلام يتصرف وفقا لكلمة المتكلم الواردة قي رواية "كل شيء بقدر" لإسلام باكلي.
استخدم الباحث منهج البحث الوصفي الكيفي، ومصادر البيانات هي رواية "كل شيء بقدر" لإسلام باكلي. تنال البيانات في هذا البحث بطريقة مكتبية يعني طريقة القراءة والسجيل في جمع البيانات. وحلّل الباحث البيانات المجموعة باستخدام طرز التحليل الوصفي عند ميلز هوبارمان وهي تقليل البيانات، وعرض البيانات، واستنتاج.
اعتمادا على عرض البيانات وتحليلها باستخدام نظرية الأفعال الكلامية الإخبارية والتوجيهيات في رواية "كل شيء بقدر" لإسلام باكلي. وجد الباحث 88 جملة تحتوي على الأفعال الكلامية الوظيفية. منها الأفعال الكلامية الإخبارية 50 بيانات والأفعال الكلامية التوجيهيات 38 بيانات. ووظائف الأفعال الكلامية الإخبارية في هذه رواية تشمل على البيان، وإعطاء الرأي، والخبر، والتأكيد. أما الأفعال الكلامية التوجيهية تشمل على الطلب، والرجاء، والأمر، وإعطاء النصيحة.
ABSTRACT
Language is an important component in communication. Human can express what they are thinking through language. If language is associated with speakers and interlocutors, then the speech acts will be found. Speech acts do not only happen in the real world, but also in the novel writings, in a movie show, or other entertainments. Speech acts happen because of the characters in it form a speech. Every speech that is delivered by the characters contains a certain meaning and purpose that can be seen based on the context. The speech that contains an implicit meaning can also be referred as an illocutionary speech act, because of the speakers want the interlocutors to do something from what they delivered. In the classification of speech act, Searle classified the illocutionary speech act into five parts, which are assertive, directive, commissive, expressive, and declarative. In this research, the researcher analyzed the form of assertive and directive speech act that appeared in the Kullu Syai’in Biqodarin novel written by Islam Bakili. The objective of the study is to find out what are assertive and directive speech act that appeared in the novel of Kullu Syai’in Biqodarin by Islam Bakili. The researcher is interested to know the speech that bind the speaker with the truth that he said. The researcher is also interested in knowing the speech that causes the interlocutor to act according to the speaker’s words that contained in the novel Kullu Syai’in Biqodarin by Islam Bakili.
This research used descriptive qualitative, with the data source is the novel Kullu Syai’in Biqodarin by Islam Bakili. The collecting data is done by using reading and note-taking techniques. The collected data are analyzed using descriptive with the data analysis method by Miles Huberman which are the data reduction, presenting data and conclusion.
The method that used in this research is descriptive qualitative in order to understand the phenomena that occur in this object of the research. Based on the data analysis that is done by the researcher using the theory of assertive and directive illocutionary speech acts on the novel Kullu Syai’in Biqodarin by Islam Bakili. The researcher found 88 sentences that contained illocutionary speech acts. Including 50 assertive sentences and 38 directive sentences. The function of assertive speech acts that contained in it are explanation, giving opinion, information, and affirmation. The contained functions of directive speech acts are asking, begging, ordering, and giving suggestion.
ABSTRAK
Bahasa adalah komponen penting dalam berkomunikasi. Manusia dapat mengekspresikan hal yang sedang dipikirkan melalui bahasa. Jika bahasa dikaitkan dengan penutur dan mitra tutur maka ditemukan sebuah tindak tutur. Tindak tutur tidak hanya terjadi di dunia nyata saja, tetapi dapat terjadi juga di tulisan seperti novel, dalam pertunjukan sebuah film, ataupun hiburan lainnya. Tindak tutur terjadi karena adanya para tokoh-tokoh yang ada didalamnya memberntuk sebuah tuturan. Setiap tuturan yang disampaikan oleh para tokoh mengandung makna dan tujuan tertentu yang dapat dilihat berdasarkan konteksnya. Tuturan yang memiliki makna tersirat dapat disebut juga sebagai tindak tutur ilokusi, karena penutur ingin mitra tutur melakukan sesuatu dari suatu yang dituturkannya. Dalam pembagian tindak tutur, searle mengelompokan tindak tutur ilokusi menjadi 5 bagian, yaitu asertif, direktif, komisif, ekspresif, dan deklaratif. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti menganalisis bentuk tindak tutur asertif dan direktif yang terdapat di dalam novel “Kullu Syai’in Biqodarin” karya Islam Bakili. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tindak tutur asertif dan direktif yang terdapat dalam novel “Kullu Syai’in Biqodarin” karya Islam Bakili. Peneliti tertarik untuk mengetahui tuturan yang mengikat penutur dengan kebenaran yang dikatakannya. Peneliti juga tertarik untuk mengetahui tuturan yang menyebabkan mitra tutur melakukan tindakan sesuai dengan perkataan penutur yang terdapat di dalam novel Kullu Syai’in Biqodarin karya Islam Bakili.
Metode yang digunakan dalam Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif agar dapat memahami fenomena yang terdapat dalam objek penelitian ini. Sumber datanya berupa novel Kullu Syai’in Biqodarin karya Islam Bakili. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan Teknik baca dan Teknik catat. Data-data yang terkumpul dianalsis menggunakan deskriptif dengan metode analisis data Miles Huberman yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan.
Berdasarkan analisis data yang dilakukan peneliti dengan menggunakan teori tindak tutur ilokusi asertif dan direktif terhadap novel Kullu Syai’in Biqodarin karya Islam Bakili. Peneliti menemukan 88 kalimat yang mengandung tindak tutur ilokusi. Termasuk di dalamnya 50 kalimat asertif dan 38 kalimat direktif. Fungsi tindak tutur asertif yang terdapat di dalamnya berupa penjelasan, memberi pendapat, informasi, dan menegaskan. Fungsi tindak tutur direktif yang terdapat di dalamnya berupa meminta, berharap, memerintah, dan memberi nasihat
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