307,175 research outputs found
Lysmata olavoi Fransen 1991
No full textLysmata aff. olavoi Fransen, 1991 Lysmata olavoi Fransen, 1991: 63, figs. 1–34 [type locality: Azores, Pico, Ponto da Ilha, 38°25’00”N 27°59’10”W, 135m]; González Pérez 1995: 84; Koukouras et al. 1996: 50–51; Koukouras & Dounas 2000: 489; Quiles et al. 2001: 10; Baeza 2010: 257–262; Gan & Li 2016: 186–187. Material examined. RMNH. CRUS.D.57266: 1 male (pocl. 4.5mm), Bonaire, 12°04'47"N, 068°17'37"W, depth 217m, 1.vi.2013, dive with Curasub submersible BON4, collected by L.E. Becking and H.W.G. Meesters. Distribution. Lysmata olavoi was originally described from the Azores and Salvage Islands from depths between 126 and 360 meters (Fransen 1991). The species has subsequently been recorded from the Canary Islands at 250 meters depth (González Pérez 1995; Quiles et al. 2001), and the Aegean Sea in the Mediterranean, from a depth of 70 meters (Koukouras et al. 1996; Koukouras & Dounas 2000). The specimens Baeza (2010) used for his phylogenetic reconstructions were caught at the Azores. The current specimen from the West Atlantic would fall considerably outside of that geographical range. Remarks. The current specimen resembles Lysmata olavoi Fransen, 1991 in having three ventral rostral teeth, a pterygostomial tooth, a rudimentary accessory branch and the pleura of the 4th and 5th pleonal segment posteriorly acute. However there are some significant differences between the present specimen and the description by Fransen (1991): 1) it possesses two postorbital rostral teeth instead of three, 2) it has a smaller number of segmentations on the carpus and merus of the second pereiopod: 22 carpal segments and 15 meral segments on the left side, and 24 carpal segments and 14 meral segments on the right side, 3) it has only 2 movable and 2 fixed spines on the flexor margin of the dactylus of the 3rd to 5th pereiopods while 4 moveable spines have been described for this species. These characters showed only minor variation in the description of Fransen (1991) and did not seem correlated with specimen size. However the current specimen would be the smallest specimen found thus far, with only one of the specimens of Koukouras & Dounas (2000) close in size (pocl. 4.7mm), so specimen size could still be a factor in explaining the mentioned differences.Published as part of Olthof, Gabriël, Becking, Leontine E. & Fransen, Charles H. J. M., 2018, On a collection of deep-water shrimp (Crustacea, Decapoda) from the Dutch Caribbean, with the description of a new species of Pseudocoutierea, pp. 533-548 in Zootaxa 4415 (3) on page 536, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4415.3.7, http://zenodo.org/record/124220
Figure 16 from: de Gier W, Fransen CHJM (2018) Odontonia plurellicola sp. n. and Odontonia bagginsi sp. n., two new ascidian-associated shrimp from Ternate and Tidore, Indonesia, with a phylogenetic reconstruction of the genus (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae). ZooKeys 765: 123-160. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.765.25277
No full textFigure 16 SEM photos dactylus third pereiopod. A Odontonia bagginsi sp. n. B O. sibogae (Bruce, 1972) C O. katoi (Kubo, 1940) D O. rufopunctata Fransen, 2002 E O. seychellensis Fransen, 2002 F O. plurellicola sp. n. G O. maldivensis Fransen, 2006
Aschersonia aleyrodis as a microbial control agent of greenhouse whitefly
No full textVarious aspects of the development of the entomopathogenic fungus Aschersoniaaleyrodis as a control agent of greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodesvaporariorum , were investigated. For control of greenhouse whitefly in tomato crops the parasitoid Encarsiaformosa has been successful, but in cucumber crops a successful suppression of the whitefly population is often not achieved. Therefore, an additional selective control method is needed. The attention was focused on the fungal pathogen Aschersoniaaleyrodis (Chapter 1).The spores of A. aleyrodis germinated on the integument of whitefly larvae. Penetration of the cuticle took place after formation of an appressorium. The haemolymph and insect tissues were colonized by the fungus and the insect changed in colour from transparent yellow green to clear or opaque orange. Under favourable conditions the mycelium protruded from the insect and orange-coloured spore masses were produced in a mucilaginous layer (Chapter 2).Information on the susceptibility of greenhouse whitefly at the various life stages is of importance for application of A. aleyrodis . Eggs of the host did not become infected. First instar, second instar and third instar larvae were highly susceptible to infection. Fourth instar larvae were susceptible to a lesser extent. When these larvae developed into the so-called prepupal and pupal stage the cuticle changed and the whitefly became more resistant. Generally, adults did not become infected (Chapter 3).Dose-mortality responses were determined for the first, second, third and fourth instar larvae. Several experiments over time were carried out which gave consistent results. The dosage of spores on leaves needed to obtain 50% mortality (LC50) of first, second and third instar larvae was 19.53 spores/mm 2, 21.03 spores/mm2 and 33.81 spores/mm 2, respectively. This represents a dose of about 0.77 spores per first instar larva, 1.44 per second instar larva and 4.39 spores per third instar larvae. The LC95 values, expressed as number of spores per amount sprayed, were 1.98 X 10 7spores/2ml for first instar larvae, 2.34 x 10 7spores/2ml for second instar larvae and 3.27 X 10 7spores/2ml for third instar larvae. The LC95 for fourth instar larvae was outside the dosage range tested. The LC50 varied with the age of the fourth instar larvae, from 6.0 x 10 6spores/2ml to 2.6 x 10 8spores/2ml in two different bioassays. The period before 50% of the larvae showed signs of infection (orange colouration) (LT50) at 20°C, was 11.8 days for first instar larvae, 9.5 days for second instar larvae and 7.0 days for third instar larvae, after application of 5.0 x 107 spores in 2 ml. The LT25 for fourth instar larvae was 5.6 days (Chapter 4).Another bioassay method was tested using cucumber leaf discs (6.5 cm, diameter). The presence of free water on the leaf surface enhanced the infection to such a degree that 77 to 90% of the larvae became infected after application of 1.0 x 10 6spores in 2 ml per leaf disc. No LC50 values could be derived. After exposure of larvae to dosages of 5.0 x 10 7and 1.0 x 10 8spores in 2 ml a delay in the development of infection was noticed. After treatment of fourth instar larvae the final percentage infection was lower at the higher dosages than at the lower dosages. This was different from the linear relationship found in previous bioassays on plants. on water agar the spores of A. aleyrodis showed reduced germination at high densities (3100 spores/mm2). This density-dependent effect of the spores on the germination was apparently also present when leaf discs were used under conditions of high humidity and free water on the leaf surface. This may indicate the presence of a self-inhibitor (Chapter 5).Impressions of cucumber leaves treated with A. aleyrodis spore suspension on water agar showed that only a low percentage of the spores (4.5%) germinated on the leaf surface. However, the ungerminated spores remained viable and infective for a long time. Spores from leaves treated 43 days before showed 78% germination after incubation on water agar for 24 hr. whitefly treated in the egg stage became infected when young larvae contacted spores on the leaf surface after hatching. Nearly all young larvae (96%) contacting spores present on the leaf surface for about 22 days became infected (Chapter 6).When aiming to apply A. aleyrodis in a glasshouse environment knowledge on the influence of temperature and relative humidity (RH) is wanted. over 90% of the A. aleyrodis spores germinated within 48 hr on water agar in the temperature range of 15 to 28°C. Larvae were infected at 15, 20, 25 and 30°C, with the most rapid development at 30°C, (LT50: 3.3 days), though the final mortality rates of whitefly at the different temperatures were the same. Spores on cellophane sheets were exposed to various relative humidities. Germination was fastest at 100% RH and 20°C (78% within 24 hr), but after 168 hr 88% of the spores germinated at 93.9% RH. In experiments using cucumber plants it was found that successful infection of the larvae occurred at a RH of 50% and 20°C A period of 100% RH for 24 hr enhanced the development of infection (LT50: 7.1 days). After exposure of the plants bearing treated larvae to 0, 3, 6, 12 or 24 hr 100% RH a linear relationship between these periods of high humidity and the LT50 values was not observed. The LT50 value amounted to 8.9, 8.6, 10.4 and 10.1 days for periods of 0, 3, 6 and 12 hr high RH, respectively. It is suggested that germinating spores are in a vulnerable phase after the periods of 6 and 12 hr at 100% RH, and are then highly susceptible to the decrease in RH from 100% to 50% (Chapter 7).Serial in vitro passages of the fungus influenced the rate in which signs of infection became apparent. one in vivo passage of A.aleyrodis on greenhouse whitefly did not influence the infection rate but this needs further investigation (Chapter 7).The interaction between A. aleyrodis and the parasitoid Encarsiaformosa was studied in relation to the introduction of both natural enemies for control of whitefly (Chapters 8 and 9). From behavioural observations it could be concluded that the parasitoid was able to distinguish infected hosts from noninfected hosts if the fungus is present in the haemolymph of the host. Infected larvae were rejected for oviposition after the ovipositor penetrated the host. From four days onwards after inoculation of the spores the parasitoid could detect the fungus in the host. By distinguishing between infected and noninfected hosts the parasitoid is able to complement the fungal pathogen. E. formosa was able to transmit A. aleyrodis from infected hosts to noninfected hosts by the contaminated ovipositor. The transmission of the fungus was restricted to one or two healthy hosts (Chapter 8).whitefly larvae parasitized by E. formosa more than three days before were not susceptible to infection by the fungus. Nonparasitized larvae, however, were still infected by the fungus. The regulation of this phenomenon of reduced susceptibility in parasitized larvae is yet unknown. It may be related to the hatching of the parasitoid larva from the egg in the host (Chapter 9).From the presented results of the experiments it can be concluded that A. aleyrodis shows promise as a microbial control agent of greenhouse whitefly in glasshouses (Chapter 10). Further research should be concentrated on the development of mass production, formulation of a product and application strategies.</TT
Aschersonia aleyrodis as a microbial control agent of greenhouse whitefly
No full textVarious aspects of the development of the entomopathogenic fungus Aschersoniaaleyrodis as a control agent of greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodesvaporariorum , were investigated. For control of greenhouse whitefly in tomato crops the parasitoid Encarsiaformosa has been successful, but in cucumber crops a successful suppression of the whitefly population is often not achieved. Therefore, an additional selective control method is needed. The attention was focused on the fungal pathogen Aschersoniaaleyrodis (Chapter 1).The spores of A. aleyrodis germinated on the integument of whitefly larvae. Penetration of the cuticle took place after formation of an appressorium. The haemolymph and insect tissues were colonized by the fungus and the insect changed in colour from transparent yellow green to clear or opaque orange. Under favourable conditions the mycelium protruded from the insect and orange-coloured spore masses were produced in a mucilaginous layer (Chapter 2).Information on the susceptibility of greenhouse whitefly at the various life stages is of importance for application of A. aleyrodis . Eggs of the host did not become infected. First instar, second instar and third instar larvae were highly susceptible to infection. Fourth instar larvae were susceptible to a lesser extent. When these larvae developed into the so-called prepupal and pupal stage the cuticle changed and the whitefly became more resistant. Generally, adults did not become infected (Chapter 3).Dose-mortality responses were determined for the first, second, third and fourth instar larvae. Several experiments over time were carried out which gave consistent results. The dosage of spores on leaves needed to obtain 50% mortality (LC50) of first, second and third instar larvae was 19.53 spores/mm 2, 21.03 spores/mm2 and 33.81 spores/mm 2, respectively. This represents a dose of about 0.77 spores per first instar larva, 1.44 per second instar larva and 4.39 spores per third instar larvae. The LC95 values, expressed as number of spores per amount sprayed, were 1.98 X 10 7spores/2ml for first instar larvae, 2.34 x 10 7spores/2ml for second instar larvae and 3.27 X 10 7spores/2ml for third instar larvae. The LC95 for fourth instar larvae was outside the dosage range tested. The LC50 varied with the age of the fourth instar larvae, from 6.0 x 10 6spores/2ml to 2.6 x 10 8spores/2ml in two different bioassays. The period before 50% of the larvae showed signs of infection (orange colouration) (LT50) at 20°C, was 11.8 days for first instar larvae, 9.5 days for second instar larvae and 7.0 days for third instar larvae, after application of 5.0 x 107 spores in 2 ml. The LT25 for fourth instar larvae was 5.6 days (Chapter 4).Another bioassay method was tested using cucumber leaf discs (6.5 cm, diameter). The presence of free water on the leaf surface enhanced the infection to such a degree that 77 to 90% of the larvae became infected after application of 1.0 x 10 6spores in 2 ml per leaf disc. No LC50 values could be derived. After exposure of larvae to dosages of 5.0 x 10 7and 1.0 x 10 8spores in 2 ml a delay in the development of infection was noticed. After treatment of fourth instar larvae the final percentage infection was lower at the higher dosages than at the lower dosages. This was different from the linear relationship found in previous bioassays on plants. on water agar the spores of A. aleyrodis showed reduced germination at high densities (3100 spores/mm2). This density-dependent effect of the spores on the germination was apparently also present when leaf discs were used under conditions of high humidity and free water on the leaf surface. This may indicate the presence of a self-inhibitor (Chapter 5).Impressions of cucumber leaves treated with A. aleyrodis spore suspension on water agar showed that only a low percentage of the spores (4.5%) germinated on the leaf surface. However, the ungerminated spores remained viable and infective for a long time. Spores from leaves treated 43 days before showed 78% germination after incubation on water agar for 24 hr. whitefly treated in the egg stage became infected when young larvae contacted spores on the leaf surface after hatching. Nearly all young larvae (96%) contacting spores present on the leaf surface for about 22 days became infected (Chapter 6).When aiming to apply A. aleyrodis in a glasshouse environment knowledge on the influence of temperature and relative humidity (RH) is wanted. over 90% of the A. aleyrodis spores germinated within 48 hr on water agar in the temperature range of 15 to 28°C. Larvae were infected at 15, 20, 25 and 30°C, with the most rapid development at 30°C, (LT50: 3.3 days), though the final mortality rates of whitefly at the different temperatures were the same. Spores on cellophane sheets were exposed to various relative humidities. Germination was fastest at 100% RH and 20°C (78% within 24 hr), but after 168 hr 88% of the spores germinated at 93.9% RH. In experiments using cucumber plants it was found that successful infection of the larvae occurred at a RH of 50% and 20°C A period of 100% RH for 24 hr enhanced the development of infection (LT50: 7.1 days). After exposure of the plants bearing treated larvae to 0, 3, 6, 12 or 24 hr 100% RH a linear relationship between these periods of high humidity and the LT50 values was not observed. The LT50 value amounted to 8.9, 8.6, 10.4 and 10.1 days for periods of 0, 3, 6 and 12 hr high RH, respectively. It is suggested that germinating spores are in a vulnerable phase after the periods of 6 and 12 hr at 100% RH, and are then highly susceptible to the decrease in RH from 100% to 50% (Chapter 7).Serial in vitro passages of the fungus influenced the rate in which signs of infection became apparent. one in vivo passage of A.aleyrodis on greenhouse whitefly did not influence the infection rate but this needs further investigation (Chapter 7).The interaction between A. aleyrodis and the parasitoid Encarsiaformosa was studied in relation to the introduction of both natural enemies for control of whitefly (Chapters 8 and 9). From behavioural observations it could be concluded that the parasitoid was able to distinguish infected hosts from noninfected hosts if the fungus is present in the haemolymph of the host. Infected larvae were rejected for oviposition after the ovipositor penetrated the host. From four days onwards after inoculation of the spores the parasitoid could detect the fungus in the host. By distinguishing between infected and noninfected hosts the parasitoid is able to complement the fungal pathogen. E. formosa was able to transmit A. aleyrodis from infected hosts to noninfected hosts by the contaminated ovipositor. The transmission of the fungus was restricted to one or two healthy hosts (Chapter 8).whitefly larvae parasitized by E. formosa more than three days before were not susceptible to infection by the fungus. Nonparasitized larvae, however, were still infected by the fungus. The regulation of this phenomenon of reduced susceptibility in parasitized larvae is yet unknown. It may be related to the hatching of the parasitoid larva from the egg in the host (Chapter 9).From the presented results of the experiments it can be concluded that A. aleyrodis shows promise as a microbial control agent of greenhouse whitefly in glasshouses (Chapter 10). Further research should be concentrated on the development of mass production, formulation of a product and application strategies
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Bitias stocki Fransen 1990
No full text<i>Bitias stocki</i> Fransen, 1990 <p>(Figs. 1, 2)</p> <p> <i>Bitias stocki</i> Fransen 1990: 68, figs. 1–3; Crosnier & Fransen 1994: 50, fig. 3c–e.</p> <p> <b>Material examined</b>. Southwestern Atlantic Ocean off Brazil: 1 female (pocl 5.3 mm, rl 2.2 mm), TAAF MD 55 / BRÉSIL 1987, off Espírito Santo, eastern slope of Abrolhos Bank, station 43 CB 77, 19º00’S 37º47’W, depth: 790–900 m, 27.V.1987 (MZUSP 31148); 1 ovigerous female (pocl 6.2 mm, rl 2.6 mm), TAAF MD 55 / BRÉSIL 1987, station 43 CB 77, 19º00’S 37º47’W, depth: 790–900 m, 27.V.1987 (MZUSP 31149); 1 male (pocl 6.9 mm, rl 2.9 mm), TAAF MD 55 / BRÉSIL 1987, off Rio de Janeiro, south of Cabo Frio, station 65 CB 106, 23º54’S 42º10’W, depth: 830 m, 02.VI.1987 (MZUSP 31150).</p> <p> <b>Description</b>. For detailed description and illustrations see Fransen (1990); for illustrations of the Brazilian material see Figs. 1 a–g, 2.</p> <p> <b>Distribution</b>. Eastern Atlantic: Azores and Cape Verde, 1100–1350 m (Fransen 1990). Western Atlantic: Brazil, off Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro, 790–900 m (present study).</p> <p> <b>Remarks</b>. <i>Bitias stocki</i> was previously known only from the type series: a male holotype and an ovigerous female paratype (allotype) collected at 1320–1350 m south of Pico, Azores, and a female paratype collected at 1100–1300 m southwest of Fogo, Cape Verde (Fransen 1990). The present specimens represent the first record of <i>B. stocki</i> and the genus <i>Bitias</i> from the western Atlantic (Brazil). The Brazilian material agrees well with the type material of <i>B. stocki</i> as described and illustrated by Fransen (1990). The dorsal teeth on the carapace and rostrum are movable (posterior half of the rostrum and carapace posterior to the post-orbital margin) or fixed (distal half of the rostrum); their number ranges from 14 to 16 (Fig. 1 b, f, g). The ventral subdistal tooth may be present or absent and the development of the lateral rostral carina is also variable (Fig. 1 b, f, g).</p> <p> An important morphological feature of <i>B. stocki</i> not mentioned nor illustrated in the original description of the species (Fransen 1990) is the presence of sharp processes on the abdominal sternum. All three Brazilian specimens have a pair of spine-like processes on the first to fourth abdominal sternites, strongest on the first and diminishing in size towards the fourth; the fifth sternite has a small median process continued by a median carina. At our request, Dr. Charles H.J.M. Fransen examined the holotype of <i>B. stocki</i> (RMNH D 39051), in which he found the same armature on the abdominal sternum. Dr. Fransen’s schematic drawing is reproduced here (Fig. 1 h), thereby completing the description of the holotype. The only other presently known species of <i>Bitias</i> is the Indo-West Pacific <i>Bitias brevis</i> (Rathbun, 1906), which differs from <i>B. stocki</i> in only a few very subtle details (Crosnier & Fransen 1994).</p>Published as part of <i>Anker, Arthur, Pachelle, Paulo P. G. & Tavares, Marcos, 2014, Two new species and two new records of deep-water caridean shrimps from Brazil (Decapoda: Pandalidae, Palaemonidae, Crangonidae), pp. 263-278 in Zootaxa 3815 (2)</i> on page 264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3815.2.6, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/231091">http://zenodo.org/record/231091</a>
Strontium
Get PDF"Prepared by Syracuse Research Corporation under contract no. 205-1999-00024; prepared for U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry."Chemical manager(s)/author(s): Alfred F. Dorsey, ATSDR, Division of Toxicology, Atlanta, GA; Margaret E. Fransen, Gary L. Diamond, Richard J. Amata, Syracuse Research Corporation, North Syracuse, NY.Includes bibliographical references (p. 277-365).205-1999-0002
Odontonia maldivensis Fransen 2006, n. sp.
No full text<i>Odontonia maldivensis</i> n. sp. <p>(Figs 2-5)</p> <p> TYPE MATERIAL. — <b>Maldives.</b> S Malé Atoll, ocean side North reef, 04°07.54’N, 73°30.55’E, 10 m, in <i>Polycarpa cryptocarpa</i> (Sluiter, 1885) (MHNH S1 POL. B 390, see Monniot & Monniot 2001: 324), 24.IX.1997, coll. CRRF, 1 ovigerous ♀ holotype pocl. 2.5 mm; 1 ♂ allotype pocl. 2.2 mm (MNHN-Na 15236).</p> <p> In <i>Polycarpa</i> sp., III.2001, coll. C. Monniot, 1 ♂ paratype pocl. 1.6 mm; 1 ovigerous ♀ paratype pocl. 2.9 mm (RMNH D 51001).</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. — The species is named “maldivensis”, after the locality where it was first recorded.</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION. — Indo-West Pacific: Maldives.</p> <p>DESCRIPTION</p> <p>Body subcylindrical, somewhat depressed. Carapace smooth. Rostrum well developed, without dorsal teeth, overreaching antennular peduncle, reaching level of distal margin of scaphocerite, with broad, indistinct, shallow dorsal elevation over entire length and acute lateral carinae, with slightly straight to lightly convex ventral carina in distal part; distal end acute in lateral view, without subdistal ventral tooth, with few distal setae, blunt in dorsal view, broadened at base. Inferior orbital angle produced, directed inward. Antennal spine blunt, protruding rounded process, not separated by notch from inferior orbital angle. Anterolateral margin slightly produced, anterolateral angle not produced.</p> <p>Abdomen smooth; sixth segment about 1.1 times longer than fifth, 1.6 times broader than long, posteroventral angle acute, posterolateral angle feebly produced, blunt; pleura of first five segments broadly rounded.</p>Published as part of <i>Fransen, Charles H. J. M., 2006, On Pontoniinae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae) collected from ascidians, pp. 713-746 in Zoosystema 28 (3)</i> on page 718, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5392396">10.5281/zenodo.5392396</a>
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
An Anthology of Early British Motorcycle Travel Literature
No full textCollaborative book project in association with the International Journal of Motorcycle Studies (IJMS) and Riders for Health.
Along with a foreword by Steven E. Alford and Suzanne Ferriss, this volume contains three early twentieth-century British motorcycle travel narratives : Captain W. H. L. Watson’s Adventures of a Despatch Rider (1915), Lady Warren’s Through Algeria & Tunisia on a Motor-bicycle (1922) and C. K. Shepherd’s Across America by Motor-Cycle (1922). Interactive colour maps are available at :
Additionally, this publication follows a social enterprise model employed in a previous motorcycle travel project entitled Essex-Dakar with all profits helping support notable causes, in this case, Riders for Health.
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Book Review : Goodmann, T. (2009) The Road Worst Traveled. International Journal of Motorcycle Studies. [Internet]. vol.5, Issue 2: Fall. Available at : <http://ijms.nova.edu/Fall2009/IJMS_Rvw.Goodmann.html
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