127 research outputs found
Участь римо-католицького луцько-житомирського духовенства у розвитку початкового шкільництва на Волині в першій половині ХІХ ст. (Participation of the Roman-Catholic lutsk-zhytomyr clergy in the development of the parochial schools on the Volhyn in the first part of the 19th century.)
Get PDFУ статті автор проаналізувала розвиток початкової освіти на Волині у першій половині ХІХ століття, яка перебувала в руках римо-католицьких священиків. Подано характеристику двох основних типів шкіл: міських двовідділових і сільських одновідділових. Важливу роль у реформуванні освіти на початку ХІХ ст. відігравали дві особистості, поляки за походженням: куратор Віленського навчального округу Адам Чарторийський та візитатор шкіл Волинської, Подільської та Київської губерній Тадеуш Чацький.
(In the article author analyzed development of parochial schools on Volhyn in the first half of the 19th century, they were lead by the Roman-Catholic lutsk-zhytomyr clergy. The author makes the conclusion that the Roman-Catholic church was done the great impact on the elementary schools’ development on the Volhyn. Description of two basic types of schools is given: city and village. An important role in reformation of education at the beginning of the 19th century was played by two personalities, Poland originally: Adam Chartoryjsky and Tadeush Chacky.
Lancet Glob Health
Get PDFBackgroundMore timely estimates of malaria prevalence are needed to inform optimal control strategies and measure progress. Since 2014, Tanzania has implemented nationwide malaria screening for all pregnant women within the antenatal care system. We aimed to compare malaria test results during antenatal care to two population-based prevalence surveys in Tanzanian children aged 6\u201359 months to examine their potential in measuring malaria trends and progress towards elimination.MethodsMalaria test results from pregnant women screened at their first antenatal care visits at health-care facilities (private and public) in all 184 districts of Tanzania between Jan 1, 2014, and Dec 31, 2017, were collected from the Health Management Information Systems and District Health Information System 2. We excluded facilities with no recorded antenatal care attendees during the time period. We standardised results to account for testing uptake and weighted them by the timing of two population-based surveys of childhood malaria prevalence done in 2015\u201316 (Demographic and Health Survey) and 2017 (Malaria Indicator Survey). We assessed regional-level correlation using Spearman\u2019s coefficient and assessed the consistency of monthly district-level prevalence ranking using Kendall\u2019s correlation coefficient.FindingsCorrelation between malaria prevalence at antenatal care and among children younger than 5 years was high (r 650\ub783 for both surveys), although declines in prevalence at antenatal care were generally smaller than among children. Consistent heterogeneity (p<0\ub705) in antenatal care prevalence at the district level was evident in all but one region (Kilimanjaro). Data from antenatal care showed declining prevalence in three regions (Arusha, Kilimanjaro, and Manyara) where surveys estimated zero prevalence.InterpretationRoutine antenatal care-based screening can be used to assess heterogeneity in transmission at finer resolution than population-based surveys, and provides sample sizes powered to detect changes, notably in areas of low transmission where surveys lack power. Declines in prevalence at antenatal care might lag behind those among children, highlighting the value of monitoring burden and continuing prevention efforts among pregnant women as transmission declines. The pregnancy-specific benefits and cost-effectiveness of antenatal care-based screening remain to be assessed.WT_/Wellcome TrustUnited Kingdom/CC999999/ImCDC/Intramural CDC HHSUnited States/MR/R015600/1/MRC_/Medical Research CouncilUnited Kingdom
Nutritional status of children under five years old involved in a seasonal malaria chemoprevention study in the Nanyumbu and Masasi districts in Tanzania.
No full textBackgroundMalnutrition and malaria are common co-morbidities in low-income countries, especially among under-fives children. But the malnutrition situation in Masasi and Nanyumbu districts, its interaction with malaria infection and the influence of socioeconomic factors are not well understood.MethodsChildren aged between 3-59 months in Masasi and Nanyumbu were screened for nutritional status and malaria infection in the community. Nutritional status was determined using age and anthropometric parameters. Z-scores (weight for age (WAZ), height for age (HAZ) and weight for height (WHZ)) were calculated based on the World Health Organisation (WHO) growth reference curves. Malaria infection was determined using malaria rapid diagnostic test and microscopy. Hemoglobin concentration was assessed using HemoCue spectrophotometer, and anemia was classified as hemoglobin concentration ResultsA total of 2242 children, 1539 (68.6%) from Masasi and 1169 (52.1%) females were involved in the study. The mean z-scores (WAZ = -0.60 and HAZ = -1.56) were lower than the WHO reference population. The overall prevalence of malnutrition was 49%, and it was significantly higher in Nanyumbu (52.5%) than in Masasi (47.3%), (x2 = 5.045, p = 0.025). Prevalence of malnutrition was higher in boys (53.0%) than in girls (45.0%) (x2 = 13.9, p ConclusionUndernutrition was highly prevalent in the study population and was influenced sex, age, anaemia and malaria infection. More emphasis is needed to address the malnutrition problem especially stunting in Masasi and Nanyumbu districts
Malar J
Get PDFBackgroundRecent malaria control efforts in mainland Tanzania have led to progressive changes in the prevalence of malaria infection in children, from 18.1% (2008) to 7.3% (2017). As the landscape of malaria transmission changes, a sub-national stratification becomes crucial for optimized cost-effective implementation of interventions. This paper describes the processes, data and outputs of the approach used to produce a simplified, pragmatic malaria risk stratification of 184 councils in mainland Tanzania.MethodsAssemblies of annual parasite incidence and fever test positivity rate for the period 2016\u20132017 as well as confirmed malaria incidence and malaria positivity in pregnant women for the period 2015\u20132017 were obtained from routine district health information software. In addition, parasite prevalence in school children (PfPR5to16) were obtained from the two latest biennial council representative school malaria parasitaemia surveys, 2014\u20132015 and 2017. The PfPR5to16 served as a guide to set appropriate cut-offs for the other indicators. For each indicator, the maximum value from the past 3\ua0years was used to allocate councils to one of four risk groups: very low (<\u20091%PfPR5to16), low (1 12\u2009<\u20095%PfPR5to16), moderate (5 12\u2009<\u200930%PfPR5to16) and high ( 65\u200930%PfPR5to16). Scores were assigned to each risk group per indicator per council and the total score was used to determine the overall risk strata of all councils.ResultsOut of 184 councils, 28 were in the very low stratum (12% of the population), 34 in the low stratum (28% of population), 49 in the moderate stratum (23% of population) and 73 in the high stratum (37% of population). Geographically, most of the councils in the low and very low strata were situated in the central corridor running from the north-east to south-west parts of the country, whilst the areas in the moderate to high strata were situated in the north-west and south-east regions.ConclusionA stratification approach based on multiple routine and survey malaria information was developed. This pragmatic approach can be rapidly reproduced without the use of sophisticated statistical methods, hence, lies within the scope of national malaria programmes across Africa.20202020-05-08T00:00:00Z-/NETCELL Project - Swiss TPH, Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation/-/Global Fund to Fight Aids, Tuberculosis and Malaria (GFATM) and the Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute/103602/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom212176/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom203155/Department for International Development/32384923PMC72066741040
Can school-based distribution be used to maintain coverage of long-lasting insecticide treated bed nets: evidence from a large scale programme in southern Tanzania?
No full textMOESM1 of Mapping intra-urban malaria risk using high resolution satellite imagery: a case study of Dar es Salaam
No full textAdditional file 1. Descriptive Statistics of community level parasite prevalence surveys assembled in Dar es Salaam between 2006 and 2014
MOESM1 of Factors affecting uptake of ≥ 3 doses of Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine for malaria prevention in pregnancy in selected health facilities, Arusha region, Tanzania
No full textAdditional file 1 Questionnaire for post-delivery women. The tool used to interview the post-delivery woman to assess factors affecting uptake of > 3 doses of Sulfadoxine Pyrimethamine for Malaria prevention in Arusha
MOESM2 of Factors affecting uptake of ≥ 3 doses of Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine for malaria prevention in pregnancy in selected health facilities, Arusha region, Tanzania
No full textAdditional file 2. Questionnaire for health facility staffs. This tool was used to collect information from health workers working in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology on their demographic characteristics, knowledge on the new regime of administering the minimum of three doses during pregnancy and challenges associated with administering IPT-SP
MOESM3 of Factors affecting uptake of ≥ 3 doses of Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine for malaria prevention in pregnancy in selected health facilities, Arusha region, Tanzania
No full textAdditional file 3. Observation checklist. This tool was used to collect information on the presence of IPTp-SP, health education materials such as posters and leaflets or health talks provided to patients before the start of the clinics, availability of water and cups for administering SP as directly observed therapy (DOT), and availability of SP at the RCH clinic on the day of visit
Emerg Infect Dis
No full textAchieving malaria elimination requires considering both Plasmodium falciparum and non-P. falciparum infections. We determined prevalence and geographic distribution of 4 Plasmodium spp. by performing PCR on dried blood spots collected within 8 regions of Tanzania during 2017. Among 3,456 schoolchildren, 22% had P. falciparum, 24% had P. ovale spp., 4% had P. malariae, and 0.3% had P. vivax infections. Most (91%) schoolchildren with P. ovale infections had low parasite densities; 64% of P. ovale infections were single-species infections, and 35% of those were detected in low malaria endemic regions. P. malariae infections were predominantly (73%) co-infections with P. falciparum. P. vivax was detected mostly in northern and eastern regions. Co-infections with >1 non-P. falciparum species occurred in 43% of P. falciparum infections. A high prevalence of P. ovale infections exists among schoolchildren in Tanzania, underscoring the need for detection and treatment strategies that target non-P. falciparum species.K24 AI134990/AI/NIAID NIH HHSUnited States/R01 TW010870/TW/FIC NIH HHSUnited States/T32 AI070114/AI/NIAID NIH HHSUnited States/R21 AI152260/AI/NIAID NIH HHSUnited States/R21 AI148579/AI/NIAID NIH HHSUnited States/R01 AI139520/AI/NIAID NIH HHSUnited States/T32 AI070114/AI/NIAID NIH HHSUnited States
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