1,349 research outputs found
Lernen in Tagesschulen ist mehr als Lernen im Unterricht
No full text<p><i>Auszug aus dem Einleitungskapitel</i></p><p>«Frank Brückel, Reto Kuster, Rachel Guerra und Regula Spirig gehen in ihrem Beitrag Lernen in Tagesschulen ist mehr als Lernen im Unterricht der Frage nach, was unter Lernen verstanden werden kann und welche Konsequenzen dies für die Führung und Entwicklung einer Ganztagsschule hat. Im Zentrum steht dabei die Frage des gemeinsamen Dialogs.» [20]</p><p>+repphzhbib2023W</p>
PAC learning and genetic programming
No full textGenetic programming (GP) is a very successful type of learning algorithm that is hard to understand from a theoretical point of view. With this paper we contribute to the computational complexity analysis of genetic programming that has been started recently. We analyze GP in the well-known PAC learning framework and point out how it can observe quality changes in the the evolution of functions by random sampling. This leads to computational complexity bounds for a linear GP algorithm for perfectly learning any member of a simple class of linear pseudo-Boolean functions. Furthermore, we show that the same algorithm on the functions from the same class finds good approximations of the target function in less time.Timo Kötzing, Frank Neumann and Reto Spöhe
Vegetation shift and laurophyllisation: the possible role of forest fires
No full textSouthern Switzerland is a fire prone area where fire has to be considered as a natural environmental factor. In the past decades, fire frequency has tended to increase due to changes in landscape management. The most common type of fire is surface fire which normally breaks out during the vegetation resting period. Usually this type of fire shows short residence time (rapid spread), low to medium fire intensity and limited size. South-facing slopes are particularly fire-prone, so that very high fire frequency is possible: under these conditions passive resistant species and postfire resprouting species are favoured, usually leading to a reduction in the number of surviving species to a few fire adapted sprouters.
Evergreen broadleaves are extremely sensitive to repeated fires. A simulation of the potential vegetation of southern Switzerland under climatic changed conditions evidenced the coincidence of the potential area of spreading forests rich in evergreen broad-leaved species with the most fire-prone area of the region.
Therefore, in future, wildfires could play an important regulating role: most probably they will not stop the large-scale laurophyllisation of the thermophilous forests of southern Switzerland, but at sites with high fire frequency the vegetation shift could be slowed or even prevented by fire-disturbances
CD28 and IL-4: two heavyweights controlling the balance between immunity and inflammation
No full textThe costimulatory receptor CD28 and IL-4R alpha-containing cytokine receptors play key roles in controlling the size and quality of pathogen-specific immune responses. Thus, CD28-mediated costimulation is needed for effective primary T-cell expansion and for the generation and activation of regulatory T-cells (Treg cells), which protect from immunopathology. Similarly, IL-4R alpha signals are required for alternative activation of macrophages, which counteract inflammation by type 1 responses. Furthermore, immune modulation by CD28 and IL-4 is interconnected through the promotion of IL-4 producing T-helper 2 cells by CD28 signals. Using conditionally IL-4R alpha and CD28 deleting mice, as well as monoclonal antibodies, which block or stimulate CD28, or mAb that deplete Treg cells, we have studied the roles of CD28 and IL-4R alpha in experimental mouse models of virus (influenza), intracellular bacteria (L. monocytogenes, M. tuberculosis), and parasite infections (T. congolense, L. major). We observed that in some, but not all settings, Treg cells and type 2 immune deviation, including activation of alternative macrophages can be manipulated to protect the host either from infection or from immunopathology with an overall beneficial outcome. Furthermore, we provide direct evidence that secondary CD8 T-cell responses to i.c. bacteria are dependent on CD28-mediated costimulation
Los "nuevos españoles": un reto con sabor político
No full textLos inmigrantes con derecho de sufragio constituyen
un grupo de importancia creciente en el electorado
español. En este artículo se destaca la heterogeneidad
del fenómeno migratorio a nivel de las
comunidades autónomas, para, a continuación, desarrollar
un análisis espacial de la inmigración y del creciente
poder político que adquiere el voto inmigrante en España.
Se señalan las diferencias territoriales en cuanto a
la integración de los inmigrantes, generadas por la diferenciación
en el derecho al acceso a la nacionalidad
española según origen, y se exploran las pobibles consecuencias
políticas de tal diferenciación. En la última
parte se analiza cómo se posicionan los partidos políticos
en temas de inmigración y se subrayan los retos sociales
y políticos que plantea la evidencia empírica y su previsible
evolución
Giedion and America: Repositioning the History of Modern Architecture
No full textSigfried Giedion (1888–1968), one of the main protagonists of the architectural avant-garde in Europe, paradoxically achieved this reputation in America, far from his homeland. Nearly all of Giedion’s books written after his initial stay at Harvard University were published in English long before they became available in his native German. Reto Geiser sheds new light on Giedion’s life and reassesses his work through the lens of cultural transformation and modernization processes. The author questions the unbroken line of developments portrayed in the historiography of modern architecture, and argues that Giedion’s position in between two cultural spheres not only caused ruptures and contradictions in his work but also productively shaped its reception on either side of the Atlantic
Reto y confrontación en el enfoque centrado en la persona
No full textIn this article the role of the challenge in the person centered approach is analized. With this aim the author has planned a small-scale research study using an open questionaire with a sample of 10 therapists and 15 clients. From this study it would appear that challenge, in terms of the opportunities and freedoms offered by the core conditions, is an integral part of the person centered approach.En este artículo la autora reflexiona sobre el papel que juegan el reto y la confrontación en el enfoque centrado en la persona. A este fin se plantea un estudio a pequeña escala a través de un cuestionario suministrado a una muestra reducida de diez terapeutas y quince clientes. Del análisis de sus resultados se deduce que reto y confrontación, en términos de nuevas oportunidades y alternativas son elementos nucleares del enfoque centrado en la persona
A role of statins against listeria monocytogenes and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection
No full textCholesterol has been shown to play important role in the pathogenesis and persistence of intracellular pathogens. Here, we modulate host cholesterol biosynthesis pathway using pharmacological agent statins, which are reversible inhibitors of HMG†CoA reductase enzyme. The aim of the study was to investigate the role of statins in inducing host protective responses against intracellular pathogens. We report reduced growth of Listeria monocytogenes (LM) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in murine macrophages. We show prominent immunomodulatory activity induced by statins, mainly increased phagosomal maturation and autophagy resulting in decreased bacterial growth in macrophages. Subsequently, statin†treated mice showed decrease in bacterial loads, accompanied by reduced histopathology in the acute phase of infection during listeriosis and tuberculosis. Furthermore, we found decreased growth of Mtb in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and monocyte†derived macrophages (MDM) isolated from patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) on statin therapy when compared to healthy subjects. Together, our results show that statins induces protection against Mtb in murine macrophages, mice and human mononuclear cells and monocyte†derived macrophages
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