1,720,955 research outputs found
Lactose malabsorption and irritable bowel syndrome. Effect of a long-term lactose-free diet.
No full textAntro-pyloric contractile patterns and transpyloric flow after meal ingestion in humans
No full textObjective: The present study aimed to evaluate the patterns of antral contractility and pylorus opening and closure in relation to transpyloric flow of a nutrient liquid meal. Methods: Ultrasound images of the antro- pyloro-duodenal tract were continuously tape-recorded in healthy volunteers for 1 h postprandially and were reviewed twice later by independent observers. Episodes and patterns of pylorus opening and closure, antral-wall contractions, and transpyloric flow were assessed separately and their time relations were identified. Results: Transpyloric flow (forward, 56% ± 13%; retrograde, 19% ± 11%; and to and fro, 25% ± 14%) occurred essentially during episodes of prolonged pylorus opening not associated with occlusive antral or duodenal proximal contraction, which represented the antro-pyloro- duodenal common chamber. The antro-pyloro-duodenal common chamber lasted on average 36 ± 12 s and represented 41% ± 12% of the total observation period. Different patterns of antral contractions were identified according to whether they reached or occluded the terminal antrum and pylorus. Preterminal antral contractions (46% ± 12%) did not propagate beyond the proximal two thirds of the antrum. Terminal antral contractions (54% ± 12%) propagated along the entire antrum and could either occlude (20% ± 9%) or not occlude (42% ± 17%) the lumen. Pyloric opening independent of antral contractions and related to nonocclusive antral contractions could occur equally at the onset of the antro-pyloro-duodenal common chamber. Pyloric closure independent of antral contractions put an end to transpyloric flow in 73% ± 6% of the antro-pyloro-duodenal common chamber. Conclusions: The final passage of contents from the stomach to the duodenum after the ingestion of a caloric liquid meal is the result of one or more episodes of uni- or bi- directional transpyloric flow, which are regulated by several motor events. The contractile states of the antrum and pylorus show specific features that variably interrelate to provide mixing and to regulate the transpyloric flow of ingesta. A crucial regulator of transpyloric flow appears to be the spatiotemporal relation between antral contractions and pyloric closure rather than the contractile events per se. An equal number of pyloric openings related, and unrelated, to antral contractions appears to determine the onset of the antro-pyloro-duodenal common chamber and, thus, of transpyloric flow. Pyloric closure unrelated to antral contractions appears to be the main mechanism that interrupts transpyloric flow. In conclusion, it appears that the antro-pyloro-duodenal tract acts as a functional unit in the digestion of a liquid caloric meal
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Lansoprazole-based triple therapy versus ranitidine bismuth citrate-based dual therapy in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori in patients with duodenal ulcer: a multicenter, randomized, double-dummy study.
No full textBACKGROUND: The optimal treatment regimen for eradication of Helicobacter pylori in patients with duodenal ulcer has yet to be determined. Based on a search of MEDLINE, no studies have been performed comparing a proton pump inhibitor-based triple therapy regimen with a ranitidine bismuth citrate (RBC)-based dual therapy regimen, both containing clarithromycin.
OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of lansoprazole (LAN)-based triple therapy with that of RBC-based dual therapy in H pylori-infected patients with duodenal ulcer.
METHODS: Patients were randomized to receive either 1 week of triple therapy with LAN 30 mg BID, clarithromycin 500 mg BID, and tinidazole 500 mg BID, followed by 3 weeks of LAN 30 mg BID, or 2 weeks of dual therapy with RBC 400 mg BID plus clarithromycin 500 mg BID, followed by 2 weeks of RBC 400 mg BID. Eradication of H pylori was defined as negative results on both the urease quick test and histologic examination > or =4 weeks after the end of treatment. Duodenal healing and recurrence rates were assessed endoscopically at 8 weeks and 6 months. A per-protocol (PP) analysis was conducted for each efficacy end point. Also conducted were an intent-to-treat (ITT) analysis in which patients with missing data were considered failures, and an observed analysis (OBS), which included patients with an evaluable result after treatment, regardless of compliance.
RESULTS: One hundred eighty-five patients (126 men, 59 women; age range, 18-76 years; mean age, 43 years) were enrolled and randomized to treatment. In the LAN and RBC groups, respectively, H. pylori eradication rates were 92.6%, 93.1%, and 72.8% versus 78.6%, 77.9%, and 64.5% in the PP (P = 0.02), OBS (P = 0.01), and ITT analyses. The corresponding duodenal ulcer healing rates were 98.6%, 98.7%, and 83.7% versus 90.8%, 91.5%, and 81.7%; these differences were not statistically significant. Side effects were mild, occurring in 20.7% of LAN patients and 17.2% of RBC patients. Ulcer recurred in 2 RBC patients. No difference was observed between treatments in terms of the occurrence of gastritis or improvement of symptoms.
CONCLUSION: Based on the results of the PP and OBS analyses, LAN-based triple therapy was superior to RBC-based dual therapy for the eradication of H. pylori in patients with duodenal ulcer
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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