1,720,958 research outputs found
The San Code of Ethics Versus International Ethical Guidelines: A Cross-Cultural Analysis
Full text linkThis study was designed to compare the San (Khoisan) code of ethics against key elements of the revised Council for International Organization of Medical Sciences (CIOMS) ethical guidelines, and the World Medical Association (WMA) Declaration of Helsinki. The study aimed to identify similarities and draw inferences in applying the San code of ethics when conducting biomedical research among indigenous populations groups in Africa and globally. In-depth interviews lasting 45 to 55 minutes were conducted among a group of 12 purposively sampled biomedical researchers in South Africa. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analysed using thematic content analysis. Participants observed some important similarities between the San Code of Ethics, the CIOMS ethical guidelines and the Declaration of Helsinki. Nevertheless, the research discovered that San peoples were of the opinion, that community involvement in biomedical research reduces exploitation, and enhances human dignity, and should be based on mutual respect, honesty, justice, fairness, and the ethics of care
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Additional file 2 of South African traditional values and beliefs regarding informed consent and limitations of the principle of respect for autonomy in African communities: a cross-cultural qualitative study
No full textAdditional file 2. COREQ checklist
Additional file 1 of South African traditional values and beliefs regarding informed consent and limitations of the principle of respect for autonomy in African communities: a cross-cultural qualitative study
No full textAdditional file 1. Interview guide. Original interview guide used for in-depth interviews
Ethical and regulatory issues in the application of 3D printing in orthopaedics: A scoping review
No full textBackground: 3D printing has revolutionised orthopaedic surgery by enabling the production of customised implants, surgical guides, and anatomical models, enhancing precision and personalised care. However, it presents significant ethical and regulatory challenges. This scoping review identifies and maps these issues. Methods: Using the Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review methodology and the PRISMA-ScR framework, a systematic search was conducted across PubMed/MEDLINE, EBSCOhost, Union Catalogue of Thesis and Dissertation (UCTD), and Google Scholar for studies published from January 2011 to the present. Keywords included “3D printing,” “orthopaedic surgery,” “ethics,” and “regulations.” Eligible studies were full-text publications in English addressing ethical and regulatory aspects of 3D printing in orthopaedics. Data were extracted and analysed thematically. Results: Eight studies met the inclusion criteria, identifying two main themes: ethical concerns and regulatory issues. Ethical concerns included intellectual property rights and equitable access to 3D-printed solutions. Regulatory issues highlighted gaps in existing frameworks, particularly regarding customisation and point-of-care manufacturing. Conclusion: 3D printing offers significant benefits for orthopaedics but poses complex ethical and regulatory challenges. Clear guidelines are required to address regulatory gaps, particularly for customised and point-of-care manufacturing. Ethical frameworks must also address ownership and equitable access
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